福建省寧化二中2008―2009學(xué)年下學(xué)期高三模擬卷（二）數(shù)學(xué)文科2009年3月9日

(滿分150分，120分鐘完卷)

第Ⅰ卷（選擇題共60分）

試題詳情

高三化學(xué)攻關(guān)三十六法之――平衡結(jié)果求取值

通常是由起始數(shù)據(jù)求平衡結(jié)果，反其道則難度增加，若由平衡結(jié)果求取值范圍，則更難。

●難點(diǎn)磁場(chǎng)

請(qǐng)?jiān)囎鱿铝蓄}目，然后自我界定學(xué)習(xí)本篇是否需要。

若273 K下，某容器容積為10.0 L，容器內(nèi)存在如下平衡：

2NO₂＋4SO₂ 4SO₃＋N₂

各物質(zhì)起始量分別是：NO₂：2.0 mol、SO₂：a mol、SO₃：4.0 mol、N₂：1.2 mol；平衡時(shí)容器內(nèi)氣體的總物質(zhì)的量8.0 mol。只要a的取值合理，按上列數(shù)值投料平衡就不會(huì)發(fā)生移動(dòng)，此時(shí)a為          。

●案例探究

[例題]在一個(gè)容積固定的反應(yīng)器(如圖19―1)中，有一可左右滑動(dòng)的密封隔板，兩側(cè)分別進(jìn)行如圖19―1所示的可逆反應(yīng)。各物質(zhì)的起始加入量如下：A、B和C均為4.0 mol、D為6.5 mol、F為2.0 mol，設(shè)E為x mol 。當(dāng)x在一定范圍內(nèi)變化時(shí)，均可以通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)反應(yīng)器的溫度，使兩側(cè)反應(yīng)都達(dá)到平衡，并且隔板恰好處于反應(yīng)器的正中位置。請(qǐng)?zhí)顚?xiě)以下空白：

圖19―1

(1)若x=4.5，則右側(cè)反應(yīng)在起始時(shí)向           (填“正反應(yīng)”或“逆反應(yīng)”)方向進(jìn)行。欲使起始反應(yīng)維持向該方向進(jìn)行，則x的最大取值應(yīng)小于___________。

(2)若x分別為4.5和5.0，則在這兩種情況下，當(dāng)反應(yīng)達(dá)到平衡時(shí)，A的物質(zhì)的量是否相等?___________(填“相等”“不相等”或“不能確定”)。其理由是                       。

命題意圖：化學(xué)平衡移動(dòng)考題，以前是求x的某一個(gè)具體數(shù)值，本題是求x的一個(gè)范圍，這主要是對(duì)學(xué)生創(chuàng)新思維能力的考查。

知識(shí)依托：勒夏特列原理。

錯(cuò)解分析：通常平衡計(jì)算題是已知起始量求平衡結(jié)果，本題反其道而行之，已知平衡結(jié)果，求起始量的取值范圍，增大了試題難度，結(jié)果：(1)不少學(xué)生不會(huì)解。(2)問(wèn)答錯(cuò)的主要原因是忽視了左右兩容器內(nèi)溫度相同這一客觀條件。

解題思路：(1)由于左側(cè)反應(yīng)為氣體物質(zhì)的量不變的反應(yīng)，無(wú)論平衡如何移動(dòng)，左側(cè)氣體總物質(zhì)的量總是：4.0 mol＋4.0 mol＋4.0 mol=12.0 mol。當(dāng)x=4.5時(shí)，反應(yīng)起始時(shí)右側(cè)氣體總物質(zhì)的量為：6.5 mol＋4.5 mol＋2.0 mol=13.0 mol。要使隔板位于反應(yīng)器中間，右側(cè)反應(yīng)最終結(jié)果必須是：氣體物質(zhì)的總物質(zhì)的量與左側(cè)相等，即12.0 mol；這樣，右側(cè)反應(yīng)必須向氣體物質(zhì)的量縮小的方向，即該反應(yīng)的正反應(yīng)方向移動(dòng)(評(píng)注：原題中說(shuō)成：“右側(cè)反應(yīng)起始時(shí)向××方向進(jìn)行”是不確切的，因?yàn)橹灰�可逆反�?yīng)一開(kāi)始，就會(huì)同時(shí)向正、逆兩個(gè)反應(yīng)方向進(jìn)行)

下面求x的最大取值。

方法①(列方程法)：設(shè)達(dá)到平衡時(shí)，D的物質(zhì)的量消耗 a mol，則：

D(g)              ＋    2E(g)  2F(g)

n_始                    6.5 mol          x mol             2.0 mol

n_平            (6.5－a) mol      (x－2a)mol     (2.0＋2a)mol

(6.5－a)mol＋(x－2a)mol＋(2.0＋2a)mol=12.0 mol

那么，    (6.5－a)mol＞0 mol

      (x－2a)mol＞0 mol

解得：x＜7.0

方法②(極限思維)：由于起始時(shí)反應(yīng)向正方向進(jìn)行，則它的極限結(jié)果是n_D=0或n_E=0，二者具其一或其二，這時(shí)x可取最大值。

D(g)              ＋           2E(g)  2F(g)

n_始                    6.5 mol                 x mol             2.0 mol

極限①    0 mol                    (x－13)mol     15 mol

極限②    (6.5－x/2) mol              0 mol             (2.0＋x)mol

由極限①得：(x－13)mol＋15 mol=12.0 mol，解得：x=10，此時(shí)：n_E=(x－13) mol=－3 mol，顯然不合題意，應(yīng)舍去。

由極限②得：(6.5－x/2)mol＋(2.0＋x)mol=12.0 mol，解得：x=7.0 mol，可見(jiàn)，x的最大極限為7.0，即x＜7.0，因?yàn)楫?dāng)x=7.0時(shí)，n_E=0 mol，顯然不合題意。

(2)只要注意題設(shè)：“x在一定范圍內(nèi)變化時(shí)，均可以通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)反應(yīng)器的溫度，使兩側(cè)反應(yīng)都達(dá)到平衡，…�！憋@然，當(dāng)x=4.5和5.0時(shí)，右側(cè)反應(yīng)的溫度是不一樣的，那么，整個(gè)反應(yīng)器的溫度也是不一樣的，這對(duì)于左側(cè)反應(yīng)來(lái)說(shuō)，是在不同的溫度下建立的平衡，A的物質(zhì)的量是不相等的。

答案：(1)正反應(yīng)   7.0

(2)不相等      因?yàn)檫@兩種情況是在兩個(gè)不同溫度下達(dá)到化學(xué)平衡的，平衡狀態(tài)不同，所以A物質(zhì)的量不相同

●錦囊妙計(jì)

由平衡結(jié)果求取值有兩種方法：

1.列方程法：根據(jù)反應(yīng)移動(dòng)的方向，設(shè)出某反應(yīng)物消耗的量，然后列式求解。

2.極限思維：有口訣如下：

始轉(zhuǎn)平、平轉(zhuǎn)始，欲求范圍找極值。

極限思維是解此類(lèi)問(wèn)題的常用方法。

●殲滅難點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練

1.(★★★)題設(shè)同例題，求右側(cè)平衡不移動(dòng)時(shí)x的取值。

2.(★★★★)題設(shè)同例題，求右側(cè)平衡起始時(shí)向逆反應(yīng)方向移動(dòng)的x的取值范圍。

3.(★★★★)若n_D=3.0 mol，不論平衡如何移動(dòng)，其他條件同例題，求x的取值范圍。

4.(★★★★★)在某條件下，容器中有如下平衡反應(yīng)：

A＋4B  2C＋D(正反應(yīng)放熱)

此時(shí)，A、B、C的物質(zhì)的量均為a mol，而D的物質(zhì)的量為d mol。

(1)改變a的取值，再通過(guò)改變反應(yīng)條件，可以使反應(yīng)重新達(dá)到平衡，并限定達(dá)到新的平衡時(shí)，D的物質(zhì)的量只允許在d/2到2d之間變化，則a的取值范圍            (用a和d的關(guān)系式表示)。

(2)如果要使本反應(yīng)重新建立的平衡中，D的物質(zhì)的量只允許在d到2d之間取值，則應(yīng)該采取的措施是              (從下面列出的選項(xiàng)中選擇)。

A.升高反應(yīng)溫度                                       B.增大反應(yīng)容器內(nèi)之壓強(qiáng)

C.增大反應(yīng)容器容積                                D.降低反應(yīng)溫度

E.減小反應(yīng)容器內(nèi)之壓強(qiáng)                         F.減小反應(yīng)容器容積

試題詳情

杭十四中二??八學(xué)年第二學(xué)期期中考試

高二年級(jí)語(yǔ)文學(xué)科試卷

試題詳情

杭十四中二??八學(xué)年第二學(xué)期期中考試

高二年級(jí)英語(yǔ)學(xué)科試卷

I.聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿分10分）

第一節(jié)（共5小題，每題1分，滿分5分）

聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)問(wèn)題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。

1. What do we know about the woman?

A. She is very fond of gardening.

B. She prefers to play in the garden

C. She is not satisfied with her garden.

2. When does the conversation take place?

A. At 5:45                     B. At 5:30                     C. At 5:15

3. What is the weather usually like in May?

A. It’s colder and rainier.         B. It’s cooler and drier.                C. It’s hotter and sunnier.

4. What language is mostly used in the man’s classes?

    A. The English language.         B. The students’ language.        C. Both languages in turn.

5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?

    A. The nation’s progress.         B. Personal and local matters     C. Americans’ way of thinking.

第二節(jié)（共5小題，每題1分，滿分5分）

聽(tīng)下面2段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題,每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。

聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6至7題。

6. What are the two speakers mainly talking about?

A. The use of a machine.          B. The trouble of a machine.      C. The directions for a machine.

7. What can we learn from the conversation?

A. Something is wrong with the machine.             

B. The man can’t operate the machine properly.

    C. The woman will help the man with the machine.

聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8至10題。

8. When did this university start?

    A. In the 17^th century.            B. In the 18^th century.            C. In the 19^th century.

9. What once caused the university to close?

    A. The Civil War.                B. Some women and groups       C. The small number of students

10. What do we know about the university?

A. It was the largest in the States then.                  

B. It only enrolls women and small groups.

    C. It will give education to more kinds of people.

Ⅱ.單項(xiàng)選擇(共20小題，每題0.5分，滿分10分）

11.The Taylors decided that they would employ ______ cleaner to do ______ housework.

A. a; a                         B. a; the                      C. the; a                          D. 不填; the

12.The book is of great value. _______ can be enjoyed unless you digest it．

A. Nothing         B. Something        C. Everything               D. Anything

13.The young man we’ve just talked to is a traveler ______ parents visited us last year.

A. that             B. whose               C. whom                 D. which

14.Being able to speak another language fluently is a great ______ when you’re looking for a job.

A. chance         B. success                 C. effort                 D. advantage

15.The ground has been cleared and houses ______ for those homeless people now.

A. build                       B. have built                C. are built                    D. are being built

16.Only when the war was over ________to his hometown.

A. did the young soldier return             B. the young soldier returned

C. returned the young soldier              D. the young soldier did return

17.He was busy yesterday, otherwise he ______ to the meeting.

A. would come     B. would have been             C. could have been             D. would be

18.The nurse found a little boy in the corner of the room, ______ and crying.

A. frightened                B. frightening                 C. being frightened             D. having frightened

19.Alice’s father always brings her a nice gift _____ he returns home from his business trip.

A. by the time          B. at the time         C. every time               D. in the time

20.My cousin left for London ten years ago, and I ______ her ever since.

A. wouldn’t see            B. hadn’t seen                C. haven’t seen                D. didn’t see

21._____ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.

    A. What is required       B. What requires      C. It is required                   D. As is required

22.You should make it a rule to leave things ________you can find them again.

A. when                 B. where                 C. then                  D. there

23.―I had a really good weekend at my uncle’s

― _______.

A. Oh, that’s very nice of you  B. Congratulations  C. It’s a pleasure    D. Oh, I’m glad to hear that

24.With the world population ______ to increase, our demand for energy is also growing.

A. to continue              B. continue                     C. continuing                  D. continued

25.―Where is my reference book? It was here a moment ago?

―Someone _____ it by mistake.

A. must have taken            B. must take     C. should have taken        D.could have taken

26.A _____ of $ 2, 000 will be paid to whoever brings back the lost jewellery to its owner.

    A. appreciation             B. sympathy       C. reward            D. guarantee

27.The speaker talked about sports in general and about football _______.

    A. in particular           B. in addition            C. in all             D. in store

28.What we need is a better transport system, ______, more buses and trains and fewer cars.

A. as a result                      B. in other words             C. as a matter of fact       D. by the way

29.I hope the week long holiday will be ______ to your health.

    A. steady                  B. potential                  C. beneficial             D. ambitious

30.When I was looking through my family’s old photos the other day, I ______ a photo of my parents’ wedding.

A. came about B. came after  C. came to      D. came across

Ⅲ.完形填空(共20小題，每題1分，滿分20分）

Bette Nesmith Graham was a single mother who lived in Texas. She was an artist, but found it   31   to support herself and her son. So in 1951, at the age of 17, she learned shorthand and typing, and got a job as a   32  .

At that time, typewriters used a carbon film ribbon(打字機(jī)色帶)，and it was hard to correct typing   33   on the paper. Graham found a   34   way. She decided that she would do what painters did to   35   their mistakes ― paint over them. She took her water-based paint to work,   36   a brush. She always made sure the paint matched the   37   of paper she was typing on.

Her boss never   38   the mistakes. When another secretary asked for some of her   39   correcting liquid, Graham found a bottle at home, wrote "Mistake Out" on a label, and gave it to her.   40   all the other secretaries in the building wanted some, too.

By 1956, Graham’s invention became so   41   that she turned her kitchen into a laboratory and made bottles of “Mistake Out” using her electric mixer. When   42   grew, Graham changed the name of “Mistake Out” to “Liquid Paper” and   43   a patent and trademark

By 1975, the company Liquid Paper   44   200 people, and was quite successful. Graham   45   the company four years later to Gillette for   46   $ 50 million.

In the late 1970s, Bette Graham   47   the Bette Clair McMurray Foundation to help women. She described herself   48   a “someone who wants freedom for   49   and everybody else.” She died on May 12, 1980, and left a huge   50   to be divided between her son and the foundation.

31.A. tough                         B. simple              C. possible                      D. easy

32.A. manager                      B. writer                     C. secretary                 D. painter

33.A. signs                  B. letters               C. mistakes           D. words

34.A. cleaner                B. better               C. wider              D. smoother

35.A. cross out                B. get out            C. throw away        D. cover up

36.A. instead of              B. because of          C. along with         D. away with

37.A. size                   B. color                C. pattern            D. quality

38.A. noticed                B. remembered        C. made               D. presented

39.A. special                 B. clever             C. direct                  D. famous

40.A. Late                   B. Soon              C. Lately              D. Nowadays

41.A. suitable               B. popular           C. bright              D. effective

42.A. number               B. damage          C. complaint          D. demand

43.A. applied for             B. stand for          C. look for                 D. pay for

44.A. served                 B. interviewed       C. fired                D. employed

45.A. enlarge                B. change            C. sold                    D. devoted

46.A. merely                B. nearly                C. hardly             D. wholly

47.A. took over             B. put off            C. turned down       D. set up

48.A. as                    B. into                 C. like                 D. of

49.A. oneself               B. ourselves             C. herself               D. yourselves

50.A. fortune               B. position              C. company         D. quantity

Ⅳ.閱讀理解(共20小題，每題2分，滿分40分）

A

Students who say they never or hardly ever used dictionaries may speak English well but usually write poorly, because they make many mistakes.

    The students who use dictionaries most do not learn especially well either. The ones who look up every new word do not read fast. Therefore they do not have time to read much. Those who use small two-language dictionaries have the worst problems. Their dictionaries often give only one or two words as translations of English. But one English word often has many translations in a foreign language and one foreign word has many translations in English.

    The most successful students are those who use large college edition dictionaries with about 100,000 words but do not use them too often. When they are reading, these students first try to get the general idea and understand new words from the context. Then they reread and use the dictionary to look up only key words that they still do not understand. They use dictionaries more for writing. If they are not sure how to spell a word, they always use a dictionary. Also, if they think a noun might have an unusual plural form, they check this in a dictionary.

51.According to the passage, which of the following is WRONG?

   A. Dictionaries have little effect on learning to speak English.

   B. Whatever new words you meet while reading, never use dictionaries.

   C. Small two-language dictionaries have serious shortcomings.

   D. Reading something for the first time, you’d better not use dictionaries.

52.This passage mainly tells us        .

   A. that students shouldn’t use small two-language dictionaries

   B. what were the shortcomings of small two-language dictionaries

   C. why students should use large college edition dictionaries

   D. what dictionary students should choose and how to use it

53.Which is NOT mentioned in this passage?

   A. How to make good use of a dictionary.  B. When to use a dictionary.

   C. How to improve spoken English.                  D. How to practice reading fast.

B

When she looked ahead, Florence Chadwick saw nothing but a solid wall of fog. Her body was numb(全身麻木). She had been swimming for nearly sixteen hours. Already she was the first woman to swim the English Channel in both directions. Now, at age 34, her goal was to become the first woman to swim from Catalina Island to the California coast.

On that fourth of July morning in 1952, the sea was like an ice bath and the fog was so dense she could hardly see her support boats. Sharks cruised toward her lone figure, only to be driven away by rifle shots. Against the cold sea, she struggled on ---- hour after hour ---- while millions watched on national television.

Alongside Florence in one of the boats, her mother and her trainer offered encouragement. They told her it wasn't much farther. But all she could see was fog. They urged her not to quit. She never had … until then. With only a half mile to go, she asked to be pulled out.

She told a reporter hours later, "Look, I'm not excusing myself, but if I could have seen land I might have made it." It was not tiredness or even the cold water that defeated her. It was the fog. She was unable to see her goal.

Two months later, she tried again. This time, despite the same dense fog, she swam with her goal clearly pictured in her mind. She knew that somewhere behind that fog was land and this time she made it! Florence Chadwick became the first woman to swim the Catalina Channel, eclipsing(超出) the men's record by two hours!

54.Florence Chadwick was the first woman to swim across ________.

A. the English Channel                                               B. the Catalina Channel  

C. the California coast                                                 D. Catalina Island

55.Florence failed on her first trial mainly because of _______.

    A. the sharks                   B. the tiredness             C. the cold water       D. the bad weather

56.The underlined word “then” in this passage refers to the period when _______.

A. she had swum nearly sixteen hours               B. sharks swam toward her

C. she couldn’t see her support boats                D. millions of people watched her on TV

57.We can infer from the passage that it was ______ that resulted in her success.

A. her family’s encouragement    B. her iron will    C. her swimming skills   D. the good weather

C

The Museum of Childhood is spread over 4 floors, with the first floor acting like a balcony around the edge of the building, so you can look down over the ground floor central hall with the shop, Information Desk and Benugo Café.

The museum of Childhood is housed in a large Victorian building in east London. It has been on this site since 1872. It has undergone refurbishment (翻新) and reopened in 2006 and an elevator now makes all floors accessible.

This is not a quiet place and children are allowed to have fun here. Child safety is extremely important and a member of staff remains by the front door at all times. Also, note the “Code of Behavior” notice, which includes: children under 12 must be supervised by an adult; no eating in the galleries and no running.

Toy exhibits are in glass cases and there are plenty of low-level exhibits for younger children to see. The glass cases have lots of thought-inspiring questions on them to encourage discussion between adults and children. When you or the children need some quiet time, there are sofas at either end of the second floor with reading books available.

Pros: Many free activities for kids

Cons: Can be too warm inside

Visit Duration: 1.5 hours

Opening Hours: 10:00 a.m. ? 5:45 p.m.  Last admission is 5:30 p.m.

The Museum is closed on 25 and 26 December and 1 January every year.

Admission: Admission the Museum is free. There is a small charge for some activities.

58.In the Museum of Childhood, _______.

A. people can reach any floor by elevator         B. there are sofas at either end of the first floor

       C. there are exhibits on the museum history      D. the Information Desk can be found on each floor

59.The Museum of Childhood may be attractive to _______.

       A. parents who only have children under 12      B. children who are fond of toy exhibits

       C. parents and children who need quiet time      D. kids who like playing games with their parents

60.What is the disadvantage of the museum?

       A. Low-level exhibits are too boring.              B. Children may feel slightly hot in it.

       C. Parents have to stay with their kids.             D. No staff members attend to the kids.

61.What information can we get about the museum?

      A. All the activities for children are free.          B. The museum is located in west London.

       C. Children are allowed to enter after 5:30.       D. The museum is unavailable on Christmas Day.

D

A quick look at the lengths of children’s index and ring fingers can be used to predict how well students will perform in education tests, new research claims.

Kids with longer ring fingers compared to index fingers are likely to have higher math scores than literacy or verbal scores in the entrance exam for primary school, while children with the reverse finger-length ratio are likely to have higher reading and writing, or verbal, scores versus(與......相對(duì)) math scores.

Scientists have known that different levels of the hormones testosterone(雄性激素)and estrogen (雌性激素) in the womb(子宮) account for the different finger lengths, which are a reflection of areas of the brain that are more highly developed than others, said psychologist Mark Brosnan of the University of Bath in Britain, who led the study.

Exposure to testosterone in the womb is said to promote development of areas of the brain often associated with spatial(空間的) and mathematical skills, he said. That hormone makes the ring finger longer. Estrogen exposure does the same for areas of the brain associated with verbal ability and tends to lengthen the index finger relative to the ring finger.

To test the link to children's scores on the Scholastic Assessment Test, Brosnan and his colleagues made photocopies of children's palms and measured the length of their index and ring fingers. They used the finger-length ratios as a proxy(參照指標(biāo)) for the levels of testosterone and estrogen exposure.

    The researchers then looked at boys' and girls' test performances separately and compared them to finger-length ratio measurements. They found a clear link between high prenatal testosterone exposure, indicated by the longer ring finger compared to the index finger, and higher scores on the math SAT.

Similarly, they found higher literacy SAT scores for the girls among those who had lower prenatal testosterone exposure, as indicated by a shorter ring finger compared with the index finger.

62.It’s likely that if a Chinese child with a longer index finger than his ring finger, he will probably get good marks in ______.

A. math                          B. physics                        C. chemistry                                D. Chinese 

63.The underlined word “reverse” in Paragraph Two probably means_______.

A. similar                       B. opposite                     C. indifferent                              D. strange

64.What can make your index finger longer than your ring finger according to the research?

A. Estrogen.                    B. Testosterone.               C. Vitamin.                                  D. Vegetables.   

65.Which of the following statements is NOT correct in the passage? 

A. A child with a longer index finger than his ring finger will fail in the math exam.

B. Girls with shorter ring fingers get higher literacy SAT scores.

C. Kids with longer ring fingers are likely to have higher math scores.

D. The length of the finger has something to do with hormones.

第二節(jié): 任務(wù)型閱讀

Phyllis、Chris、Dora、Fred 和William 準(zhǔn)備去市圖書(shū)館查閱資料。第66 至夜70 題是他們各自的情況介紹。閱讀下面六本參考書(shū)的簡(jiǎn)介(A、B、C、D、E 和F)，選出符合各人需要的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有一項(xiàng)是多余選項(xiàng)。

_____ 66. Phyllis is a lecturer of English. Her recent research is mainly about the changes of the English language in the world. She is looking for a book that describes the varieties of English in different parts of the world, particularly in Africa and the Pacific.

_____ 67. Chris, a college student of biology, is preparing his term paper. While he is reading some research papers written in English, he comes across many new technical words. He wants to look up those words in a dictionary.

_____ 68. Dora plans to start her own business, but she needs to know more about how to run a business, such as how to choose qualified people, how to make a budget, and how to increase sales.

_____ 69. Fred is a senior student of English. For his term paper, he’ll write about the differences between British English and American English in spelling and usage. He is looking for a reference book.

_____ 70. William is a young researcher in the field of earth sciences. At present, he is writing a research paper on environmental protection for an English magazine. He wants to make sure his paper is written in the correct style.

A.  Successful Executive’s Handbook

This book is an important resource to support businessmen, giving them useful suggestions about business management. A special section provides a comprehensive list of the best books, seminars and websites designed specifically for CEOs. The Handbook will help you: create a clear business vision; plan for self-development; attract & develop talent for your company; develop a global perspective.

B.  Roget’s International Thesaurus

    This dictionary features thousands of new words and phrases, including the newest slang words and expressions that color and inform everyday language. It includes more than 330,000 words and phrases organized into 1,075 categories, thousands of cross-references as well as hundreds of quotations that further explain the meanings of selected words.

C.  A British-American American-British Dictionary

Easy to read，the dictionary explains clearly differences in vocabulary，usage, pronunciation, and spelling. It also explains the history of English language and how and why differences between American and British English arose. The most thorough book of its kind, it contains more than 2,500 entries of British and American English words.

D.  Simon and Schuster Handbook for Writers

This is a self-instruction book for academic, personal, business, and public audience writing. The book covers writing college-level essays, source-based arguments, and research paper; thinking and reading critically; using documentation style correctly; designing documents; writing for the Web; writing for business, writing about literature, etc.

E.  A Dictionary of the Roots and Combining Forms of Scientific Words

This dictionary is useful to students from many fields, particular1y those from medical and biological backgrounds. Within this book are over 12, 800 entries, plus some common terms for animals, plants and structures, activities and habitats; shapes, sizes, colors, textures, patterns, numbers , quantity, direction and location, etc.

F.  The Story of English

The book offers a wide-ranging account of the travels and changes of the English tongue from its beginnings to tomorrow, from England to America to Australia to Africa and India and the Pacific. In this book, the authors paint a colorful, vivid picture of the many faces and varieties of English. It is a readable book that all public libraries should have.

V.書(shū)面表達(dá)（滿分20分）

中學(xué)生相互交流的途徑很多。請(qǐng)你圍繞“Ways to share opinions with each other”這一話題，按照下列要點(diǎn)寫(xiě)一篇英語(yǔ)短文：

1．相互交流的途徑：討論、打電話、使用網(wǎng)絡(luò)等

2．我的做法及理由：……

注意：詞數(shù) 100 ~ 120，文章的開(kāi)頭已給出（不計(jì)詞數(shù)）。

There are various ways for us middle school students to share opinions with each other.

附加題�。�滿分20分）

VI.課文填空（共10小題，每題1分，滿分10分）

根據(jù)所學(xué)課文內(nèi)容及所給單詞的首字母，寫(xiě)出各單詞正確的完全形式。

A

In many ways my disability has helped me grow stronger p   71___ and become more independent. I have to work hard to live a normal life but it has been w   72    it. If I had a chance to say one thing to healthy children, it would be this: having a disability does not mean your life is not s   73   . So don’t feel sorry for the d   74    or make fun of them, and don’t ignore them either. Just accept them for who they are, and give them e   75    to live as rich and full a life as you do.

B

    I was a   76    as a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory(HVO) twenty years ago. My job is collecting information for a database about Mount Kilauea, which is one of the most active volcanoes in Hawaii. Having collected and e   77    the information, I help other s   78    to predict where lava from the volcano will flow nest and how fast. Our work has saved many lives because people in the p   79    of the lava can be warned to leave their houses. U   80   , we cannot move their homes out of the way, and many houses have been covered with lava or burned to the ground.

VII.短文改錯(cuò)

假如英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同學(xué)們交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫(xiě)的作文。文中共有十處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，要求你在錯(cuò)誤的地方增加、刪除或修改某個(gè)詞。

增加：在缺詞處加上一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（∧），并在其下面寫(xiě)上該加的詞。

刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。

修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫(xiě)上修改后的詞。

注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及修改均僅限一詞；

      2.只允許修改十處，多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分。

Dear Mr. Donforth,

I’m writing to ask you come to our class for a visit. I’ve heard that you have been to Greece. In our Greece unit, we have been learning about it’s rich culture and long history. Since you have visited Greece several times, so I would like to know whether you have seen the old buildings here. We have learned a lot from the text book, but I believe you personal experience will be a lot of better. Your knowledges of Greece can help the whole class. Could you share you experiences for us? It will be surely exciting and rewarding. I hoped that you think about my request and visit us as soon as possibly.

高二年級(jí)英語(yǔ)學(xué)科試卷評(píng)分細(xì)則

I.聽(tīng)力(共10小題，每題1分，滿分10分）

1―5 ACBAC   6―10 ABBAC

II.單項(xiàng)選擇(共20小題，每題0.5分，滿分10分）

11―15 BABDD     16―20 ABACC     21―25 CBDCA     26―30 CABCD

III.完形填空(共20小題，每題1分，滿分20分）

31―35 ACCBD     36―40 CBAAB     41―45 BDADC     46―50 BDACA

IV.閱讀理解(共20小題，每題2分，滿分40分）

51―55 BDCBD     56―60 ABABB     61―65 DDBAA     66―70 FEACD

V.書(shū)面表達(dá)（滿分20分）

One possible student version:

There are various ways for us middle school students to share opinions with each other. One way is to hold discussions, where we can freely exchange our views. We can also make use of the phone and the Internet. Making phone calls is very convenient, yet sending messages is more popular among us. Sometimes, we can send each other emails, in which more information can be included and we can express our opinions more clearly.

Personally, I think talking face to face is the best way to share opinions. In this way, I can express myself more comfortably. Meanwhile, I can sense how others feel and learn what they think. With the help of body language, I can make myself better understood.

附加題

VI. 課文填空(共10小題，每題1分，滿分10分）

71. psychologically   72. worth        73. satisfying     74. disabled     75. encouragement

76. appointed        77. evaluated     78. scientists      79. path         80. Unfortunately

VII.短文改錯(cuò)((共10處錯(cuò)誤，每處1分，滿分10分）

Dear Mr. Donforth,

I’m writing to ask you  come to our class for a visit. I’ve heard that you have been to Greece. In our Greece

                      ∧to

unit, we have been learning about it’s rich culture and long history. Since you have visited Greece several times,

                            its

so I would like to know whether you have seen the old buildings here. We have learned a lot from the text book,

去掉so                                              there

but I believe you personal experience will be a lot of better. Your knowledges of Greece can help the whole class.

           your                      去掉of          knowledge

Could you share you experiences for us? It will be surely exciting and rewarding. I hoped that you think about my

                           with                                     hope

request and visit us as soon as possibly.

                         possible

聽(tīng)力原文

Text 1

M: Gardening's too much like hard work for me. If I have time to spare, I like to play ten­nis or go for long country walks.

W: Well, I think of gardening as play, not as work. I'm never as happy as when I’m busy in the garden.

Text 2

W: When is our plane to take off?

M: At half past five.

W: Oh dear! That only leaves us 15 minutes to go through customs and check our baggage.

Text 3

W: What a hot day! Do you always have weather like this in May?

M: Generally it's much better than this. And I can't remember when we had such a rainy day.

Text 4

W: To teach those students English, do you have to speak their language quite well?

M: No. quite the contrary. They benefit most when the class is organized entirely in the foreign language.

Text 5

W: Americans tend to think from the particular and small to the general and large.

M: For example?

W: We've just seen an example of this in the fact that they progress from personal and local matters to the state and finally the nation ― not the other way around.

Text 6

M: This machine drives me mad.

W: How come?

M: Well, most of the time, it's fine. I rent a movie and I put it in and press ON. But the other day, I wanted to program it, like, to record a show. So, I read the directions. And I followed them exactly, you know, step by step, but then, nothing. It didn't record.

W: Is there anything wrong with the machine?

M: With the machine? No. There’s something wrong with me. I’m no good with, like, electronic equipment.

Text 10

M: Good morning, and I'd like to welcome all of you to the University of North Carolina. This is the oldest public university in the United States, and we are proud to say that we offer one of the best public education opportunities anywhere in the nation. The school started in 1792, and has been open ever since, with the exception of having been closed for two years in the 1860s because so many young men left to fight in the Civil War. Following the war, the university opened its doors again and has been open ever since. In this century, the student number has been increasing rapidly, including women and small groups. Now we are looking forward to a bright future where students from all backgrounds attend this university. Thank you.

試題詳情

杭十四中二??八學(xué)年第二學(xué)期期中考試

高二年級(jí)生物（理科）試卷

試題詳情

杭十四中二??八學(xué)年第二學(xué)期期中考試

高二年級(jí)物理學(xué)科試卷

試題詳情

杭十四中二??八學(xué)年第二學(xué)期期中考試

高二年級(jí)數(shù)學(xué)（理科）試卷

試題詳情

杭十四中二??八學(xué)年第二學(xué)期期中考試

高二年級(jí)化學(xué)學(xué)科試卷

可能用到的相對(duì)原子質(zhì)量：H 1   C 12   O 16    Ca 40   Br 80   Ag 108   N 14   Ba 137   S 32

試題詳情

山東省臨沂市2009年高三3月教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢查考試

地理

注意事項(xiàng)：

   1．本試題分第1卷(選擇題1～4頁(yè))和第Ⅱ卷(綜合題5―8頁(yè))兩部分。

   2．請(qǐng)把第1卷的答案連同自己的姓名、考號(hào)、考試科目、試卷類(lèi)型用2B鉛筆涂寫(xiě)在答題卡上。

   3．請(qǐng)把第Ⅱ卷的答案用黑色鋼筆或圓珠筆直接寫(xiě)在答題紙指定位置，在試題卷上答題無(wú)效。

   4．滿分100分；考試時(shí)間100分鐘。

第1卷  (必做，共50分)

    本卷共25小題。每小題2分，共50分。在每小題給出的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有一項(xiàng)是最符合

題目要求的。

    下圖是華北地區(qū)某地實(shí)測(cè)的海拔高度數(shù)據(jù)分布，讀圖回答1～2題。

1．測(cè)量圖中各地海拔高度，所用最精準(zhǔn)、便捷的技術(shù)是

A．遙感        B．全球定位系統(tǒng)

C．?dāng)?shù)字地球    D．地理信息系統(tǒng)

2．對(duì)圖示區(qū)域地理特征的描述，正確的是

  A．海拔：甲>丙  B．坡度：甲>乙

  C．氣溫：丙>丁  D．降水：乙>丁

下為某跨國(guó)公司研發(fā)總部和分支機(jī)構(gòu)示意圖，讀圖回答3―4題。

3．若MNP為晨線，則此時(shí)   

A．③地晝長(zhǎng)達(dá)一年中最小值

B．圖示日期為12月22日前后

C．①地正值高溫多雨季節(jié)

D．太陽(yáng)直射點(diǎn)位于(23°26'S，70°w)

4．若總部和分支機(jī)構(gòu)的辦公時(shí)間為當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間9時(shí)至17時(shí)，為了縮短某種新產(chǎn)品的研發(fā)周期，使總部與分支機(jī)構(gòu)實(shí)現(xiàn)不間斷研發(fā)，則合理的“接力”研發(fā)流程是

A．總部→⑤→②→總部  B．總部→⑤→③→總部

C．總部→④→①→總部  D．總部-→③→⑤→總部

構(gòu)建模式圖，探究地理基本原理、過(guò)程、成因及規(guī)律，是學(xué)習(xí)地理常用的方法之一。下面示意圖可表示某些地理現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生與變化，讀圖回答5～7題。

5．如果該圖為地殼物質(zhì)循環(huán)模式，MN為軟流層，①為巖漿活動(dòng)，③為變質(zhì)作用，則

A．甲為巖漿巖    B．乙為沉積巖

C．丁為變質(zhì)巖    D．④為沉積作用

6．如果該圖為熱力環(huán)流模式，MN為下墊面，則

  A．甲處氣壓低于丁處    B．風(fēng)由甲處吹向丁處

  C．甲處氣壓低于乙處    D．甲處天氣晴朗

7．如果該圖為海陸間水循環(huán)模式，MN為下墊面，則   

A．甲處代表陸地   

B．環(huán)節(jié)②代表水汽輸送  

C．環(huán)節(jié)④參與地表淡水資源的補(bǔ)給 

D．人類(lèi)活動(dòng)對(duì)環(huán)節(jié)③的影響最大

下為“不同氣候區(qū)巖石的風(fēng)化深度與當(dāng)?shù)啬昃鶞丶澳杲邓�量的關(guān)系示意圖”，讀圖回答8―9題。

8．對(duì)圖示信息的判斷，正確的是

A．巖石的風(fēng)化深度與年均溫呈負(fù)相關(guān) 

 B．巖石的風(fēng)化深度與年降水量呈正相關(guān)  

C．年降水量與年均溫呈正相關(guān)

D．巖石的風(fēng)化深度與氣溫年較差呈正相關(guān)

9．若圖中有甲、乙、丙、丁四地，其對(duì)應(yīng)的年均溫和年降水量分別為（3℃，800mm）、（15°C，900mm）、（7℃，5mm）、（23°C，2900mm），則巖石風(fēng)化深度大致相同的是

A．甲和乙    B．乙和丙   

C．甲和丁    D．丙和丁

下圖是某區(qū)域等高線、等深線分布示意圖，讀圖回答10～11題。

1 0．下列敘述正確的是

  A．甲、乙兩地7月份均多雨          B．流經(jīng)乙處的是本格拉寒流

  C．丙位于大陸架上                  D．丁地石油資源豐富

11．危及到丁地附近海島國(guó)家生存的主要環(huán)境問(wèn)題是

A．火山、地震                       B．泥石流、滑坡   

C．海洋環(huán)境污染                     D．全球氣候變暖

右為甲、乙、丙、丁四地氣溫和降水圖，讀圖回答12～13題。

12．四個(gè)地區(qū)中，冬春季節(jié)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)易受干旱、寒潮、沙塵暴影響的是

  A．甲              B．乙   

C．丙              D．丁

13．四個(gè)地區(qū)中，自然帶為亞熱帶常綠硬葉林帶的是

  A．甲              B．乙   

C．丙              D．丁

    右面圖甲、圖乙分別是某市2005年1％人口抽樣調(diào)查的戶籍人口和流動(dòng)人口金字塔示意圖，該市的平均期望壽命已提高到78歲。讀圖回答14~15題。 

14．圖甲反映的該城市人口增長(zhǎng)模式是

  A．“高一高―低”模式    B．“高―低一高”模式

  C．“高一高一高”模式    D．“低―低―低”模式

15．與流動(dòng)人口相比，戶籍人口

  A．勞動(dòng)力數(shù)量較少    B．勞動(dòng)力比重較大

  C．性別構(gòu)成較合理    D．年齡構(gòu)成較輕

讀某國(guó)工業(yè)化、城市化進(jìn)程比較圖，回答16―17題。   

16．關(guān)于該國(guó)工業(yè)化、城市化進(jìn)程特點(diǎn)的敘述，正確的是 

①城市化與丁業(yè)化呈同步增長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì)  ②階段I城市化進(jìn)程速度比階段Ⅱ快  ③該國(guó)可能屬發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家

④階段Ⅱ，工業(yè)化促進(jìn)了城市化

  A．①③  B．①②  C．③④    D．②④   

17．階段Ⅲ，該國(guó)新增就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)主要來(lái)自  ①資金密集型產(chǎn)業(yè) ②技術(shù)密集型產(chǎn)業(yè) ③資源密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)  ④現(xiàn)代服務(wù)業(yè)

  A．①③  B．①②  C．③④    D．②④

讀“某種農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)和銷(xiāo)售的一般模式圖”，回答18~19題。

18．階段I中的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)區(qū)形成的主要因素是

  A．距城市近    B．氣候優(yōu)越

  C．地形平坦    D．水源充足

19．階段Ⅱ中的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)區(qū)的區(qū)位變化主要是因?yàn)?/p>

  A．城市用地規(guī)模的擴(kuò)大  B．城市人口的增加

  C．交通運(yùn)輸便捷        D．城市居民收入增加

某種農(nóng)產(chǎn)改革開(kāi)放以來(lái)，我國(guó)國(guó)有企業(yè)在區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)中的比例不斷下降。下為部分省級(jí)行政區(qū)國(guó)有企業(yè)總產(chǎn)值的比例(1990年)及其變化(1990―1997年)圖，讀圖回答20～21題。

20．下列國(guó)有企業(yè)發(fā)展?fàn)顩r屬于“高比例、高下降”類(lèi)的一組省級(jí)行政區(qū)是

  A．川、豫、湘        B．魯、蘇、粵

  C．青、藏、內(nèi)蒙古    D．吉、京、滇

21．國(guó)有企業(yè)發(fā)展屬于“低比例、高下降”類(lèi)的省區(qū)，其共同的區(qū)位優(yōu)勢(shì)是

A．地勢(shì)平坦，企業(yè)占地容易獲得   

B．處于沿海位置，較容易吸引外資

C．內(nèi)河航運(yùn)發(fā)達(dá)，便于原料運(yùn)進(jìn)   

D．省內(nèi)勞動(dòng)力豐富，不需外來(lái)遷入

右為某交通運(yùn)輸方式以澳門(mén)為中心的等時(shí)線分布圖，讀圖回答22～23題。

22．該交通運(yùn)輸方式為

  A．水路運(yùn)輸    B．航空運(yùn)輸

  C．鐵路運(yùn)輸    D．高速公路運(yùn)輸

23．如果以該圖信息作為研究依據(jù)，則最能反映的問(wèn)題是

  A．澳門(mén)T業(yè)原料的來(lái)源地范嗣

  B．澳門(mén)_丁業(yè)產(chǎn)品的覆蓋范圍

  C．澳門(mén)農(nóng)剮產(chǎn)品的來(lái)源地范嗣

  D．澳門(mén)旅游業(yè)的最優(yōu)吸引半徑

環(huán)境的承載能力是有限的，讀“環(huán)境負(fù)擔(dān)公式”和“我國(guó)人口與耕地變化圖”，回答24～25題。

24．右圖中最能反映我閏近50年來(lái)人口與耕地的環(huán)境負(fù)

擔(dān)在加重的是

  A．耕地面積在減少    B．總?cè)丝跀?shù)在增加

  C．人均耕地在減少    D．耕地環(huán)境沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)負(fù)擔(dān)

25．從“環(huán)境負(fù)擔(dān)”公式中可以看出，創(chuàng)造財(cái)富技術(shù)水平的

提高能減輕環(huán)境負(fù)擔(dān)，下列措施能因此減輕人口與耕地

環(huán)境負(fù)擔(dān)的是

  A．開(kāi)發(fā)濕地、灘涂等易耕土地，擴(kuò)大耕地面積

  B．調(diào)整農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)

  C．推廣良種，提高畝產(chǎn)

  D．提高糧食進(jìn)口量，緩減我國(guó)人口對(duì)土地的壓力

臨沂市高三教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢查考試

第Ⅱ卷  (必做40分+選做10分，共50分)

2009．3

注意事項(xiàng)： 

    第Ⅱ卷共6道題。其中第26~29題為必做部分，30~31題為選做部分，選做部分只選擇l道試題作答，如全答，閱卷時(shí)將根據(jù)所選題號(hào)的先后順序只判最前面的1道試題。

【必做部分】

 26．(10分)下面右圖為我國(guó)亞熱帶某區(qū)域等高線地形圖，地理研究性學(xué)習(xí)小組的同學(xué)們對(duì)其進(jìn)行了綜合考察：讀圖，分析回答考察小組遇到的問(wèn)題。

(1)在沿A―E線進(jìn)行地質(zhì)調(diào)查時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)巖層的形成年代是A、F兩處最晚，c處最早。由此判斷沿線地區(qū)的褶曲類(lèi)型是什么?并簡(jiǎn)述理由。(2分)

 (2)從圖中可以看出，聚落主要分布在河流兩岸或山前，呈明顯的條帶狀分布特征。結(jié)合所學(xué)知識(shí)，分析其原因。(3分)

 (3)圖中虛線是規(guī)劃在幾個(gè)村席之間修建的公路，乙村到甲村的線路比較平直，乙村到丙村的線路比較彎曲，呈“之”字型。分別說(shuō)明這樣修建的原因。(2分)

(4)本著因地制宜、可持續(xù)發(fā)展的原則，請(qǐng)你為該區(qū)域的能源開(kāi)發(fā)利用獻(xiàn)計(jì)獻(xiàn)策。(3分)

27．(10分)小課題研究是進(jìn)行研究性學(xué)習(xí)的一種常見(jiàn)形式。下面是某校地理研究性學(xué)習(xí)小組開(kāi)展小課題研究的案例。請(qǐng)你幫助完成。

  課題研究思路：

（一）確定課題：我國(guó)沙塵暴形成發(fā)生的原因研究

（二）提出設(shè)想：●沙塵暴多發(fā)區(qū)的地理環(huán)境特點(diǎn)是沙塵暴形成的重要基礎(chǔ)。

                ●天氣、氣候因素對(duì)沙塵暴的形成影響很大。

（三）處理獲取的材料并形成結(jié)論：

材料一：2006年4月10日下午沙塵暴區(qū)域(陰影部分)圖

結(jié)論：(1)說(shuō)圖示沙塵暴區(qū)域的地理環(huán)境特點(diǎn)。(3分)

          (2)分析圖中天氣系統(tǒng)對(duì)沙塵暴形成所起的作用。(2分)

材料二：華北地區(qū)某地多年氣候資料統(tǒng)計(jì)表

結(jié)論：(3)指出華北地Ⅸ沙塵暴多發(fā)季節(jié)并簡(jiǎn)要分析原因。(3分)

（四）拓展應(yīng)用：

    材料三；為加強(qiáng)對(duì)沙塵暴的研究，我國(guó)已建立了由激光雷達(dá)和地球同步氣象衛(wèi)星觀測(cè)信息接收站等組成的遙感系統(tǒng)和由25個(gè)監(jiān)測(cè)站組成的地面監(jiān)測(cè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)，覆蓋了北方200多萬(wàn)平方千米的荒漠化土地

    結(jié)論：(4)簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)明高科技在4月10日沙塵暴天氣過(guò)程中所起的作用。(2分)

28．(10分)讀我國(guó)某區(qū)域圖，回答下列問(wèn)題。

(1)簡(jiǎn)要描述圖示區(qū)域地形的顯著特點(diǎn)及形成的直接原因。(2分)

(2)圖中幾個(gè)較大的城市都是我國(guó)重要的棉紡織工業(yè)中心。分析這幾個(gè)城市發(fā)展棉紡織工業(yè)的有利區(qū)位因素。(3分)

(3)某校社會(huì)實(shí)踐活動(dòng)小組對(duì)乙地區(qū)農(nóng)村秸稈的利用方式進(jìn)行了調(diào)查研究，統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果如下表：

利用方式

燃料

飼料

肥料

工藝編制

自然腐爛

其它

百分比(％)

50

13

3

9

20

5

請(qǐng)你從節(jié)能減排、發(fā)展生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)的角度，評(píng)價(jià)該地區(qū)的秸稈利用是否合理，并闡述理由。(3分)

(4)甲附近河流上有我國(guó)一重要水利樞紐，你認(rèn)為當(dāng)初選址修建時(shí)，設(shè)計(jì)者需要收集哪些方面的必要資料?(2分)

29．(10分)閱讀下列圖文材料，分析回答。

  材料一：甘肅省民勤縣地處河西走廊東北部，石羊河流經(jīng)民勤盆地。從上世紀(jì)50年代至今，石羊河流域的水量減少近1／3，石羊河流域的人口卻由90萬(wàn)增加到近230萬(wàn)，灌溉面積由300萬(wàn)畝增加到了500萬(wàn)畝。

  材料二：石羊河流域示意圖

  (1)請(qǐng)根據(jù)圖文中的信息，簡(jiǎn)析石羊河水量減少的主要原因。(4分)

  (2)近半個(gè)多世紀(jì)以來(lái)，民勤地區(qū)在農(nóng)業(yè)土地開(kāi)發(fā)利用中，對(duì)土地產(chǎn)生了哪些不良影響?(3分)

  (3)為使民勤不致變成第二個(gè)“羅布泊”，你認(rèn)為當(dāng)?shù)卣�府�?yīng)采取哪些措施?(3分)

【選做部分】

30．(10分)【自然災(zāi)害與防治】下為“歷史上長(zhǎng)江流域發(fā)生洪澇次數(shù)統(tǒng)計(jì)分布圖”，讀后回答下列問(wèn)題。

  (1)圖中甲是長(zhǎng)江水域發(fā)生洪澇次數(shù)最多的區(qū)域，受災(zāi)也相對(duì)嚴(yán)重。僅從人類(lèi)不合理的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)方面分析原因。(4分)

  (2)以前。長(zhǎng)江流域發(fā)生洪澇災(zāi)害死亡人數(shù)多，財(cái)產(chǎn)損失少。現(xiàn)今，同樣的洪災(zāi)，死亡人數(shù)少，財(cái)產(chǎn)損失卻巨大。請(qǐng)對(duì)比簡(jiǎn)要分析成因。(6分)

31．(10分)【旅游地理】祖國(guó)大陸居民赴臺(tái)灣旅游已于2008年7月18日起正式實(shí)施。結(jié)合右面“臺(tái)灣旅游資源分布圖”，分析回答。

(1)“寶島”臺(tái)灣旅游資源豐富多樣，概括分析臺(tái)灣旅游資源多樣性的原因。 (4分)

 (2)簡(jiǎn)要評(píng)價(jià)臺(tái)灣旅游資源開(kāi)發(fā)的有利條件。(6分)

臨沂市高三教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢查考試

試題詳情

天津市河北區(qū)2008-2009學(xué)年度高三年級(jí)總復(fù)習(xí)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)(二)

理科綜合能力測(cè)試

理科綜合能力測(cè)試分為物理、化學(xué)、生物三部分，共300分，考試用時(shí)150分鐘。物理、化學(xué)、生物三學(xué)科分別為120分、100分、80分，各學(xué)科試卷均分為第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷兩部分，物理學(xué)科1至4頁(yè)，化學(xué)學(xué)科5至8頁(yè)，生物學(xué)科9至12頁(yè)。

祝各位考生考試順利!

注意事項(xiàng)：

    1．答第Ⅰ卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)、考試科目涂寫(xiě)在答題卡上，并在規(guī)定位置粘貼考試用條形碼。

2．答各部分第Ⅰ卷時(shí)，在每小題選出答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑，如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其它答案標(biāo)號(hào)，答在試卷上的無(wú)效。

物理部分

第Ⅰ卷

本卷共8題，每題6分，共48分。1―5題每題列出的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有一項(xiàng)是最符合題目要求的。6―8題每題列出的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，有的只有一項(xiàng)是正確的，有的有多個(gè)選項(xiàng)是正確的，全部選對(duì)的得6分，選對(duì)但不全的得3分，有選錯(cuò)或不答的得0分。

1．下列說(shuō)法中正確的是（    ）

    A．射線與射線都是電磁波    B．射線為原子的核外電子電離后形成的電子流

    C．用加溫、加壓或改變其化學(xué)狀態(tài)的方法都不能改變放射性元素原子核衰變的半衰期

D．原子核經(jīng)過(guò)衰變生成新核，新核的質(zhì)量一定等于原核的質(zhì)量，不可能出現(xiàn)質(zhì)量虧損

2．水下光源S向水面A點(diǎn)發(fā)射兩束光線、，折射后

形成如圖所示的兩束光線，則下列說(shuō)法中正確的是

（    ）

A．若光與光通過(guò)同一狹縫發(fā)生了衍射現(xiàn)象，

光的衍射現(xiàn)象比光要明顯

B．用同一雙縫干涉實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置分別以、光做實(shí)驗(yàn)，

光相鄰明條紋的間距小于光相鄰明條紋的間距

C．在水中，光的速度比光的小

D．若保持入射點(diǎn)A位置不變，將入射光線順時(shí)針旋

轉(zhuǎn)，從水面上方觀察，光先消失

3．土星的衛(wèi)星很多，現(xiàn)已發(fā)現(xiàn)達(dá)數(shù)十顆，下表是有關(guān)土衛(wèi)五和土衛(wèi)六兩顆衛(wèi)星的一些參數(shù)(不考慮土衛(wèi)五和土衛(wèi)六自轉(zhuǎn)的影響)，則兩顆衛(wèi)星相比較，下列判斷正確的是（    ）

衛(wèi)星

距土星距離/km

半徑/km

質(zhì)量/kg

發(fā)現(xiàn)者

發(fā)現(xiàn)日期

土衛(wèi)五

527000

765

卡西尼

1672年

土衛(wèi)六

1222000

2575

惠更斯

1655年

A．土衛(wèi)五的公轉(zhuǎn)周期小          B．土星對(duì)土衛(wèi)六的萬(wàn)有引力小

C．土衛(wèi)六表面的重力加速度小    D．土衛(wèi)六的公轉(zhuǎn)速度大

4．如圖所示，在光滑絕緣水平面上單匝正方形線

圈在外力作用下以速度向右勻速進(jìn)入 

勻強(qiáng)磁場(chǎng)，第二次又以速度勻速進(jìn)入同一勻

強(qiáng)磁場(chǎng)。從線圈剛要進(jìn)入磁場(chǎng)到線圈剛完全進(jìn)入

磁場(chǎng)這一過(guò)程中，第二次與第一次外力做功的功

率之比（    ）

A．1：2     B．1：1    C．2：1   D．4：1

5．一個(gè)邊長(zhǎng)為的正方形金屬線框置于區(qū)域足夠大的勻強(qiáng)磁場(chǎng)中，線框平面與磁場(chǎng)垂直，此線框的電阻為。磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度B隨時(shí)間t的變化關(guān)系如圖所示，則線框中感應(yīng)電流的有效值為（    ）

    A．    B．  

C．    D．

6．一列簡(jiǎn)諧橫波某時(shí)刻的波形如圖甲所示，從該時(shí)刻開(kāi)始計(jì)時(shí)，A質(zhì)點(diǎn)的振動(dòng)圖像如圖乙所示，振動(dòng)和波形圖中質(zhì)點(diǎn)的位移都規(guī)定向上為正，則（    ）

A．這列波沿軸正方向傳播   

B．這列波的波速是

C．從該時(shí)刻起經(jīng)，A質(zhì)點(diǎn)通過(guò)的路程是

D．從該時(shí)刻起，質(zhì)點(diǎn)P將比質(zhì)點(diǎn)Q先回到平衡位置

7．質(zhì)量為的汽車(chē)在平直公路上運(yùn)動(dòng)，圖像如 

圖所示，由此可求（    ）

A．前內(nèi)汽車(chē)的平均速度    B．前內(nèi)汽車(chē)的加速度

C．前內(nèi)汽車(chē)所受的阻力    D．內(nèi)合外力對(duì)汽車(chē)所做的功

8．如圖所示為一勻強(qiáng)電場(chǎng)，實(shí)線為電場(chǎng)線，一個(gè)帶電粒子射入該電場(chǎng)后，留下一條虛線所示的徑跡，途經(jīng)和兩點(diǎn)，粒子由運(yùn)動(dòng)到，粒子自

身重力忽略不計(jì)，則下面判斷正確的是（    ）

A．點(diǎn)的電勢(shì)高于點(diǎn)的電勢(shì)

B．粒子在點(diǎn)的動(dòng)能大于在點(diǎn)的動(dòng)能                  

C．粒子在點(diǎn)的電勢(shì)能大于在點(diǎn)的電勢(shì)能

D．電場(chǎng)場(chǎng)強(qiáng)方向水平向左

第Ⅱ卷

本卷共4題，共72分。

9．(18分)(1)當(dāng)物體的速度（為光速）時(shí)，質(zhì)量增大到原質(zhì)量的         倍。

(2)某同學(xué)用圖1所示裝置通過(guò)半徑相同的、兩球的碰撞來(lái)驗(yàn)證動(dòng)量守恒定律。圖中是斜槽，為水平槽。在記錄紙上記下重垂線所指的位置。實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)先使球從斜槽上某一固定位置G由靜止開(kāi)始滾下，落到位于水平地面的記錄紙上，留下痕跡，重復(fù)上述操作10次，得到10個(gè)落點(diǎn)痕跡，確定小球的落點(diǎn)平均位置B。再把球放在水平槽末端R，讓球仍從              

固定位置G由靜止開(kāi)始滾下，與         

球碰撞后，落到水平地面的記錄紙             

上，重復(fù)10次，得到兩球的落點(diǎn)平            

均位置分別為A和C，其中球落點(diǎn)       

痕跡如圖2所示。米尺水平放置，米          

尺的零點(diǎn)與點(diǎn)對(duì)齊。                              

①碰撞后球的水平射程應(yīng)取為            。

②在以下選項(xiàng)中，哪些是本次實(shí)驗(yàn)必須進(jìn)行的測(cè)量?答：          (填選項(xiàng)號(hào))

A．水平槽上未放球時(shí)，測(cè)量球落點(diǎn)位置到點(diǎn)的距離

B．球與球碰撞后，分別測(cè)量球和球的落點(diǎn)位置到點(diǎn)的距離

C．測(cè)量球或球的直徑    D．測(cè)量球和球的質(zhì)量(或兩球質(zhì)量之比)

E．測(cè)量G點(diǎn)相對(duì)于水平槽面的高度

③按照本實(shí)驗(yàn)方法，己知球的質(zhì)量為，球的質(zhì)量為，，那么動(dòng)量守恒驗(yàn)證式是             。

(3)某同學(xué)用時(shí)間傳感器代替了秒表做“用單擺測(cè)定重力加速度”的實(shí)驗(yàn)，他的設(shè)計(jì)如圖甲所示：長(zhǎng)為的擺線一端固定在鐵架臺(tái)上，另一端連接一質(zhì)量為，半徑為的小球，在擺線上緊臨小球套有一小段輕細(xì)擋光管，當(dāng)單擺擺動(dòng)到平衡位置時(shí)，擋光管就能擋住從光源A正對(duì)光敏電阻發(fā)出的細(xì)光束，信號(hào)處理系統(tǒng)就能形成一個(gè)電壓信號(hào)，如圖乙所示，為定值電阻。

①某同學(xué)用10分度的游標(biāo)卡尺測(cè)小球直徑。如圖丙所示，正確的讀數(shù)是        。

②兩端電壓與時(shí)間的關(guān)系如圖乙所示，則用此裝置測(cè)得的重力加速度表達(dá)式為

            。（用、、來(lái)表示）

③當(dāng)有光照射時(shí)，信號(hào)處理系統(tǒng)獲得的是      。(填“高電壓”或“低電壓”)

10．(16分)在真空中，半徑為R的圓形區(qū)域內(nèi)存在垂直

紙面向外的勻強(qiáng)磁場(chǎng)，磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度大小為B，在此區(qū)

域外圍空間(范圍足夠大)有垂直紙面向里的大小也為 

B的磁場(chǎng)，一個(gè)帶電粒子從邊界上的最高點(diǎn)P點(diǎn)沿半

徑向外，以速度進(jìn)入外圍磁場(chǎng)，已知帶電粒子質(zhì)量

，帶電量，不計(jì)帶電粒

子的重力，磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度，粒子運(yùn)動(dòng)速度，圓形區(qū)域半徑，求粒子第一次回到P點(diǎn)所需時(shí)間。

11．(18分)如圖所示，光滑絕緣桿上套有兩個(gè)完全相同、質(zhì)量都是的金屬球、，帶電量為（，可視為點(diǎn)電

荷），不帶電。點(diǎn)是的 

中點(diǎn)，且，整個(gè)

裝置放在與桿平行的勻強(qiáng)電場(chǎng)中。開(kāi)始時(shí)，靜止在桿上之間的某點(diǎn)P處（在與碰撞之前始終靜止于P點(diǎn))，從桿上點(diǎn)以速度向右運(yùn)動(dòng)，到達(dá)點(diǎn)時(shí)速度為，再到P點(diǎn)與球相碰并粘合在一起(碰撞時(shí)間極短)，運(yùn)動(dòng)到時(shí)速度恰好為零。求：

(1)電場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度的大小和方向       (2) 、兩球碰撞中損失的機(jī)械能

(3) 球碰撞球前的速度

12．(20分) 是一段位于豎直平面內(nèi)的         

光滑軌道，高度為，末端B處的切       

線方向水平。一個(gè)質(zhì)量為的小物體       

P(可視為質(zhì)點(diǎn))從軌道頂端A處由靜止     

釋放，滑到B端后飛出，落到地面上    

的C點(diǎn)。已知它落地時(shí)相對(duì)于B點(diǎn)的      

水平位移。現(xiàn)在軌道下方緊貼    

B點(diǎn)安裝一水平傳送帶，傳送帶的右端    

與B的距離為，如圖所示。當(dāng)傳送    

帶始終保持靜止時(shí)，讓P再次從A點(diǎn)由        

靜止釋放，它離開(kāi)軌道并在傳送帶上滑行后從右端水平飛出，仍然落在地面的C點(diǎn)(軌跡如圖中虛線所示)。當(dāng)驅(qū)動(dòng)輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)從而帶動(dòng)傳送帶以恒定速度勻速向右運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)(其他條件不變)，P的落地點(diǎn)為D(軌跡如圖中虛線所示)。(不計(jì)空氣阻力)

(1)求物體P滑至B點(diǎn)時(shí)的速度大小     (2)求物體P與傳送帶之間的動(dòng)摩擦因數(shù)

(3)求出點(diǎn)和點(diǎn)間的距離隨速度變化的函數(shù)關(guān)系式

化學(xué)部分

第Ⅰ卷

13．下列敘述合理的是（    ）

A．直徑介于之間的微粒被稱(chēng)為膠體

B．棉、麻、絲、毛及合成纖維完全燃燒都只生成和

C．在核磁共振氫譜中出現(xiàn)兩組峰，其氫原子數(shù)之比為3：2的化合物是  

D．麻黃堿可用于治療支氣管哮喘

14．用催化還原可以消除氮氧化合物的污染。例如：

①；

②；

下列說(shuō)法中不正確的是（    ）

A．等物質(zhì)的量的在反應(yīng)①、②中轉(zhuǎn)移電子數(shù)相同

B．若用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀況下把還原為(生成的水為氣態(tài))，放出熱量

C．由反應(yīng)①可推知：；

    D．若用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀況下把還原為，整個(gè)過(guò)程中轉(zhuǎn)移的電子總數(shù)為

15．常溫下，將溶液、和三種溶液混合，所得混合溶液中下列

關(guān)系一定成立的是（    ）

A．

B．

C．

D．

16．如下圖所示，a、b是多孔石墨電極，某同學(xué)按圖示裝置進(jìn)行如下實(shí)驗(yàn)：斷開(kāi)，閉合一段時(shí)間，觀察到兩只玻璃管內(nèi)都有氣泡將電極包圍，此時(shí)斷開(kāi)，閉合，觀察到電流計(jì)A的指針有偏轉(zhuǎn)。下列說(shuō)法不正確的是（    ）

A．?dāng)嚅_(kāi)，閉合一段時(shí)間，溶液的要變大

    B．?dāng)嚅_(kāi)，閉合時(shí)，b極上的電極反應(yīng)式為：

    C．?dāng)嚅_(kāi)，閉合時(shí)，a極上的電極反應(yīng)式為：

D．?dāng)嚅_(kāi)，閉合時(shí)，向b極移動(dòng)

17．某化學(xué)科研小組研究在其他條件不變時(shí)，改變某一條件對(duì)化學(xué)平衡狀態(tài)的影響，得到如下圖所示的變化規(guī)律(圖中T表示溫度，n表示物質(zhì)的量)，根據(jù)如圖可得出的判斷結(jié)論正確的是（    ）

A．正反應(yīng)一定是放熱反應(yīng)

B．b點(diǎn)時(shí)，平衡體系中A、B原子數(shù)之比接近1：3  

C．達(dá)到平衡時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)化率大小為：        

D．正反應(yīng)一定是吸熱反應(yīng)，且                 

18．下圖是實(shí)驗(yàn)室制取氣體的裝置，其中發(fā)生裝置相同，干燥和集氣裝置有二套，分別用圖1和圖2表示。下列選項(xiàng)中正確的是（    ）

發(fā)生裝置的藥品

干燥和集氣裝置

A

電石和水

圖2

B

大理石和稀鹽酸

圖1

C

銅和稀硝酸

圖2

D

氧化鈣和濃氨水

圖1

第Ⅱ卷

19．(16分)將一定量的晶體A，隔絕空氣加熱到200℃時(shí)，A全部分解為等物質(zhì)的量的四種氣體。這四種物質(zhì)與其它物質(zhì)的相互轉(zhuǎn)化關(guān)系如下圖所示，是一種常見(jiàn)的金屬單質(zhì)。圖中部分反應(yīng)條件及生成物沒(méi)有列出。

請(qǐng)按要求填空：

(1)單質(zhì)J在周期表中的位置是        周期        族，C的電子式為        

(2)寫(xiě)出B和F反應(yīng)的化學(xué)方程式                              

(3)寫(xiě)出K和I的稀溶液反應(yīng)的離子方程式                         

(4)寫(xiě)出L和溶液反應(yīng)的離子反應(yīng)方程式                    

(5)A的化學(xué)式為                                      

20．(20分)下圖表示之間的轉(zhuǎn)化關(guān)系。已知E無(wú)支鏈，E、G均可使溴的四氯化碳溶液褪色，有機(jī)物A、B和C在一定條件下可兩兩發(fā)生反應(yīng)，A、B、E、I

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