岳陽市一中2009年高三第六次考試

英    語

時(shí)量：120分鐘   分值：150分

命題人：高三英語備課組

第一部分：聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）

請(qǐng)聽下面5段對(duì)話，選出最佳選項(xiàng).

1. Why did the woman call the man?

  A. She didn’t know how to use the new refrigerator.

  B. She wanted her washing machine to be fixed.

  C. There was something wrong with the refrigerator.

2. What kind of place are the speakers probably talking about?

  A. A football field.           B. An office building.    C. A concert hall.

3. What does the woman mean?

  A. She doesn’t feel like going out.    B. She would like to go for a walk.

  C. She is worried about the rainy weather.

4. What is the man doing?

  A. Offering help.                     B. Giving permission.    C. Asking for suggestion.

5. What can we learn from the conversation?

  A. They are preparing for a party.    B. The woman will buy more plates.

  C. The man won’t go to the party.

第二節(jié)（共12小題; 每小題1.5分，滿分18分）

聽第6段對(duì)話，回答第６至8題。

6. When will the man come back from the trip?

  A. December 22.                     B. January 3.                C. January 13.

7. Which flights is the man going to take for his round trip?

  A. Flight 414 and Flight 476.           B. Flight 476 and Flight 220.

  C. Flight 220 and Flight 414.          

8. When should the man arrive at the airport to take a plane for Chicago?

  A. By 2:00 p.m.               B. By 6:30 p.m.            C. At 3:00 p.m.

聽第7段對(duì)話，回答第9至11題。

9. Where are they planning to go in the morning?

  A. To a park.                    B. To an art museum.    C. To a shopping centre.

10. Why does the man want to visit the zoo in the afternoon?

   A. The zoo will be closed the rest of the week.

   B. The zoo is free to visitors that day only.

   C. There are unusual animals on display.

11. Why does the woman want to go shopping instead?

   A. She wants to buy mementos（紀(jì)念品）of their visit.

   B. She saw some great prices at a shopping centre.

   C. She wanted to buy a gift for her friend.

聽第8段對(duì)話，回答第12至14題。

12. What does the man usually do in the gym?

   A. Swim.                       B. Play pingpong.         C. Play tennis.

13. What’s the woman busy with?

   A. Classes.                            B. Studying.                 C. Reading.

14. Why does the woman have no time to have exercise?

   A. Because of great expectation.     B. Because of some serious thought.

   C. Because of tight schedule.

聽第9段對(duì)話，回答第15至17題。

15. What does Simon think of the college?

   A. He likes its small size.                      B. He likes the place where it is.

   C. He likes the students of the college.

16. What do the students at the college do in their free time?

   A. All kinds of things but going to the library to study.

   B. Many things, including going to the library to study.

   C. All the students go to the clubs to meet their friends.

17. How many students are there in the college Simon is visiting?

   A. About 10,000.                   B. About 1,000.            C. About 5,000.

第三節(jié)（共3小題；每小題1.5分，滿分4.5分）

聽下面一段材料，將第18至20三個(gè)小題的信息補(bǔ)充完整。每小題不超過三個(gè)單詞。本段材料讀兩遍。

Nine O’clock News

News 1

Mr. Ben Kitson, who wrote 18._________and plays for children, has died at his home in California.

News 2

Policemen in New York will return to work only when they receive more money for 19._________.

News 3

It has been a good year on the farm. 20._______ will cost less in the shops this year.

第二部分：英語知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）

第一節(jié)：單項(xiàng)填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）

21. My neighbour asked me to go for _______ walk, but I don’t think I’ve got ______energy. w.w.w.k.s.5 u.c.o.m

   A. a; 不填             B. the; the             C. 不填; the          D. a; the

22. It is said that the school will be built in _______is called a developing zone.

   A. what                   B. that                   C. which               D. where

23. The year 2005 was _____ ever recorded since scientists began keeping track of the numbers in the late 1800s.

   A. the hotter            B. hot                   C. hotter                D. the hottest

24. English lessons are in strong demand in the United States, and people ____ wait for an opening

   A. have to               B. may have to           C. must                 D. may

25. Customs Service officials knew drug dealers_______ across the border, so the government asked the Indians there to help in the fight against the drug dealers.

   A. were coming                                          B. came         

C. had come                         D. had been coming

26. Books are the important records we keep _____ man’s thought, ideas and feelings.

   A. on                      B. up                    C. of                     D. for

27. Police agencies had all the modern technology ______ people who tried to sell illegal goods.

   A. needing to help catch                       B. needed helping to catch

   C. needed to help catch                         D. needed to helping to catch

28. Bryan Nez says ______ can be followed because his fellows leave such signs on the ground that people can easily find them.

   A. someone             B. anyone              C. none                 D. everyone

29. The boy ______ Steve, who is very good at the computer, ______ Bill Gates in our school.

   A. with the name; is compared to           B. who called; compared with

   C. calling; is compared to                            B. whose name is; compared with

30. I don’t know whether it was lost or stolen; ______, it’s gone.

   A. anyway               B. but                   C. however            D. though

31. Special English ______ English the way a foreign language program would.

   A. didn’t teach         B. doesn’t teach     C. hasn’t taught      D. isn’t taught

32. The police were ordered to look into the case _______ an actress was

murdered.

A. which               B. in which            C. during that        D. that

33. The Shadow Wolves main task is _________ illegal car trade.

   A. finding and stopping                        B. to find and stopping

   C. finding to stop                                 D. find and stop

34. If things are left ____they are, the problems will never be settled, I am afraid.

   A. how                   B. as                     C. what                 D. where

35. ________ at the school gate were my classmates.

   A. Stood                B. Standing           C. To stand            D. Stand

第二節(jié)：完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后所給A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。

       Mark was seven when he joined his father and two other elder brothers at sunrise in the fields. __36__ the time he was eight he was helping Dad fix up old furniture. He was given a cent for every nail he __37__ out of old boards.

       He got his first __38__ job at BT’s Restaurant in town, when he reached twelve. His main tasks were__39__tables and washing dishes, __40__sometimes he helped cook.

       Every day after school he would __41__ to BT’s and work till ten. Even on Saturdays he __42__ from two till eleven. At that age it was difficult going to work and __43__ his friends run off to swim or play. He didn’t necessarily like work, but he loved what working __44__ him to have. Because of his __45__ he was always the one buying when his friends and he went to the local shop. That made him __46__.

       Word that he was trustworthy and hard-working __47__ around the town. A local clothing shop offered him credit（賒帳）__48__ he was only in Grade 7. He immediately __49__ a $ 68 sports coats and a $ 22 pair of shoes. He was__50__ only 65 cents an hour, and he already owed the shopkeeper $ 90! So he learned __51__ the danger of easy credit. He paid it __52__ as soon as he could.

       The first job taught him self-control, responsibility and brought him a __53__of personal satisfaction few of his friends had experienced. As his father, __54__worked three jobs, once told him, “If you__55__sacrifice and responsibility, there are not many things in life you cannot have.” How right he was!

36. A. Before                B. Within                     C. From                D. By

37. A. pulled                B. put                   C. picked               D. pressed

38. A. usual                  B. real                   C. main                 D. participate

39. A. sweeping            B. packing             C. clearing             D. empting

40. A. or                      B. so                     C. but                   D. even

41. A. head                   B. turn                  C. change                     D. move

42. A. studied               B. worked             C. played               D. slept

43. A. helping               B. having                     C. watching           D. letting

44. A. asked                 B. told                  C. promised           D. allowed

45. A. study                  B. power               C. age                   D. job

46. A. proud                 B. friendly             C. lucky                D. hopeful

47. A. ran                            B. got                   C. flew                  D. carried

48. A. although             B. while                C. if                      D. since

49. A. sold                   B. borrowed          C. charged             D. wore

50. A. keeping                     B. making             C. paying                     D. taking

51. A. gradually            B. greatly                     C. hardly               D. early

52. A. out                            B. over                  C. away                 D. off

53. A. point                  B. level                 C. part                  D. sign

54. A. he                      B. that                   C. who                  D. whoever

55. A. understand          B. demand             C. offer                 D. fear

第三部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）

第一節(jié)：選擇題（共17小題；每小題2分，滿分34分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

Children have their own rules in playing games. They seldom need a judge and rarely trouble to keep scores. They don’t care much about who wins or loses, and it doesn’t seem to worry them if the game is not finished. Yet, they like games that depend a lot on luck, so that their personal abilities cannot be directly compared. They also enjoy games that move in stages, in which each stage, the choosing of leaders, the picking-up of sides, or the determining of which side shall start, is almost a game in itself.

       Grown-ups can hardly find children’s games exciting, and they often feel puzzled at why their kids play such simple games again and again. However, it is found that a child plays games for very important reasons. He can be a good player without having to think whether he is a popular person, and he can find himself being a useful partner to someone of whom he is ordinarily afraid. He becomes a leader when it comes to his turn. He can be confident, too, in particular games, that it is his place to give orders, to pretend to be dead, to throw a ball actually at someone, or to kiss someone he caught.

       It appears to us that when children play a game they imagine a situation under their control. Everyone knows the rules, and more important, everyone plays according to the rules. Those rules may be childish, but they make sure that every child has a chance to win.

56. What is true about children when they play games?

   A. They can stop playing any time they like.

   B. They can test their personal abilities.

   C. They want to pick a better team.               D. They don’t need rules.

57. To become a leader in a game the child has to ______.

   A. play well                                 B. wait for his turn

   C. be confident in himself                     D. be popular among his playmates

58. What do we know about grown-ups?

   A. They are not interested in games.      

B. They find children’s games too easy.

C. They don’t need a reason to play games.

D. They don’t understand children’s games.

59. The writer believes that _______.

   A. children should make better rules for their games

   B. children should invite grow-ups to play with them

   C. children’s games can do them a lot of good

   D. children play games without reasons

B

       Beauty has always been regarded as something praiseworthy. Almost everyone thinks attractive people are happier and healthier, have better marriages and have more respectable jobs. Personal advisors give them better advice for finding jobs. Even judge are softer on attractive defendants（被告）.But in the executive (主管的)circle, beauty can become a liability.

       While attractiveness is a positive factor for a man on his way up the executive leader, it is harmful to a woman. Handsome male executives were considered as having more honesty than plainer men: effort and ability were thought to lead to their success.

       Attractive female executives were considered to have less honesty than unattractive ones; their success was connected not with ability but with factors such as luck. All unattractive women executives were thought to have more honesty and to be more capable than the attractive female executives. Interestingly, though, the rise of the unattractive overnight successes was connected more to personal relationships and less to ability than that of the attractive overnight successes.

       Why are attractive women not thought to be able? An attractive woman is considered to be more feminine and an attractive man more manly than the less attractive ones. Thus, an attractive woman has an advantage in traditionally female jobs, but an attractive woman in a traditionally manly position appears to lack the “manly” qualities required.

       This is true even in politics. “When the only clue is how he or she looks, people treat men and women differently,” says Anne Brown, who recently published a study on the effects of attractiveness on political candidates. She asked 125 undergraduate students to rank two groups of photographs, one of men and one of women, in order of attractiveness. The students were told the photographs were of candidates for political offices. They were asked to rank them again, in the order they would vote for them.

       The results showed that attractive males completely defeated unattractive men, but women who had ranked most attractive unchangeably received the fewest votes.

60. The underlined word “l(fā)iability” (Para1) most probable means _______.

   A. disadvantage              B. advantage          C. misfortune         D. trouble

61. In traditionally female jobs, attractiveness_______.

   A. makes women look more honest and capable

   B. strengthens the feminine qualities required

   C. is of great importance to women

D. often enables women to succeed quickly

62. Bowman’s experiment shows that when it comes to politics, attractiveness

________.

A.     turns out to be a disadvantage to men

B.      is more of a disadvantage than an advantage to woman

C.      affects men and women alike

D.     has as little effect on men as on women

63. It can be inferred from the passage that people’s views on beauty are often__.

   A. practical             B. supportive         C. old-fashioned     D. one-sided

64. The author writes this passage to ______.

   A. give advice to job-seekers who are attractive

   B. discuss the disadvantages of being attractive

   C. demand equal rights for women   D. state the importance of appearance

C

       Congratulations, Mr. Jones, it’s a girl.

      Fatherhood is going to have a different meaning and bring forth a different answer from every man who bears these words. Some feel proud when they receive the news, while others worry, wondering whether they will be good fathers. Although there are some men who like children and may have had considerable experience with them, others do not particularly care for children and spend little time with them. Many fathers and mothers have been planning and looking forward to children for some time. For other couples, pregnancy（懷孕）was an accident that both husband and wife have accepted willingly or unwillingly.

       Whatever the reaction to the birth of a child, it is obvious that the change from the role of husband to that of father is a difficult task. Yet, unfortunately, few attempts have been made to educate fathers in this re-socialization process. Although many good books have been written about American mothers, only recently have some books discussed the role of a father.

       It is argued by some writers that the transition to the father’s role, although difficult, is not nearly as great as the transition the wife must make to the mother’s role. The mother’s role seems to require a complete transformation of daily routine and adaptation to a new life, on the other hand, the father’s role is less demanding and immediate. However, even though we have mentioned the fact that growing numbers of women are working out of home, the father is still thought by many as the breadwinner in the household.

65. According to the author, being a father ________.

   A. brings a feeling of excitement to some men

   B. has a different meaning for those who have daughters

   C. makes some men feel proud and others easy

   D. means nothing but more responsibilities

66. It is stated in the passage that ________.

   A. some parents are not prepared to have a child

   B. young couples do not like children at all

   C. working couples do not have much time to take care of their children

   D. many parents look forward to having a boy as their first child

67. The transition to the mother’s role requires that the wife ______.

   A. changes her life style in a quite different way

   B. makes a complete change in her everyday life to deal with the new situation

   C. stays at home to take care of the baby

   D. helps her husband in his re-socialization process

68. Some writers argue that with respect to the change of roles, fathers, compared

with mothers, _________.

A. have to do more in the household             

B. have to make more difficult adaptations

C. have an easier job to do

D. can usually do a better job

D

Dr. Wiseman started the “l(fā)augh lab” project in September 2001. It is the largest study of humour. Participants are invited to log（登錄）on to the laugh lab website, give a few personal details, tell their favourite jokes and judge the jokes told by other people.

       The project will last for a year, and the organizers hope to finally discover the world’s funniest joke. But there is also a serious purpose. The researchers want to know what make people from different nations and cultures find funny. And they want to find out the differences between the male’s and female’s sense of humour. The idea is that we want to understand each other, we have to find out what makes us laugh.

       This is a subject that has long interested psychologists and philosophers. Most of the time, people are not completely honest. We do things that society expects us to and say things that help us get what we want. But laughing cannot be controlled. When we laugh, we tell the truth about ourselves. By December 2001 over 10,000 jokes had been submitted. This gave the scientists enough evidence to make early conclusions. It seems that men and women do have different senses of humour, for instance.

       “Our findings show the major differences in the ways in which males and females use humour,” said Dr. Wiseman. “Males use humour to appear superior to others, while women are more skilled in languages and prefer word play.”

       Researchers also found that there really is such a thing as a national sense of humour. The British enjoy what is usually called “toilet humour”. But the French like their jokes short and sharp: “You’re a high priced lawyer. Will you answer two questions for 500?” “Yes. What’s the second question?” The Germans are famous for not having a sense of humour. But the survey found that German participants were more likely to find submitted jokes funny than any other nationality. Perhaps that proves the point. Is this joke funny? I don’t know, but let’s say yes, just to be safe.

       Dr. Wiseman and his workmates also submitted jokes created by computer. But none of those who took part in the survey found any of them amusing. Perhaps this is relief. Computers already seem like they can do everything. At least they should leave the funny stuff to us.

69. We can infer from the passage that ________.

   A. most of the people all over the world are completely honest

   B. psychologists and philosophers take interest in the “l(fā)augh lab” project

   C. ordinary people are not interested in the “l(fā)augh lab” project at all

   D. people tell the truth about themselves only when they laugh

70. What is the main idea of the 4th and 5th paragraph?

   A. Man and woman have different senses of humour.

   B. Male and female have similar senses of humour.

   C. About 10,000 jokes have been submitted from September 2001 to December 2001.

   D. Scientists have collected enough evidence to make conclusions.

71. The writer gave the examples of the British, the French and the Germans _________.

   A. to show that people from different nations have different senses of humour

   B. to prove the British people have a sense of “toilet humour”

   C. to show French people have a better sense of humour

   D. to prove that the Germans have no sense of humour

72. Which statements is TURE according to the passage?

   A. The jokes created by computer are less funny than those by humans.

   B. The Germans cannot find the submitted jokes amusing.

   C. Males are better at word play compared with women.

   D. Female like to use humour to show that they are superior.

第二節(jié)：簡答題（共3小題；每小題2分，滿分6分）

    閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)第73至第75小題的具體要求，簡要回答問題。

So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake to do for children that which only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to read is not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading. Douglas insists that “reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible”.

Teaching and learning are two different processes. They differ in kind and function. The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is also public activity. It can be seen and observed.

Learning to read involves all that each individual does to make sense of the world of printed language. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to public scrutiny.

If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable, what then can be done through teaching that will aid the child in exploring knowledge? Smith has one principal rule for all teaching instructions. “Make learning to read easy, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience for children.”

When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teachers fulfill them appropriately, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is eliminated. Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of learning to read by reading.

73. Find in the passage a word closest in meaning and use its other form to explain the underlined word “occupation”.

74. What does it mean according to the author if teachers can enable students to develop their own way of reading?（回答詞數(shù)不超過8個(gè)）

75. What is the main idea of the passage?（回答詞數(shù)不超過8個(gè)）

第四部分：書面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，滿分35分）

第一節(jié)：填空（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）

       閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文后第76至第85小題的空格里填上適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或詞組。注意：每空不超過3個(gè)單詞。

       Do you think that daydreaming is a waste of time? Probably so.

“On the contrary,” says L.Giambra, an expert in psychology, “Daydreaming is quite necessary. Without it, the mind couldn’t get done all the thinking it has to do during a normal day…You can’t possibly do all your thinking with a consciousness. Instead, your unconscious mind is working out problems all the time. Daydreaming then may be one way that the unconscious and conscious states of mind have silent dialogues.”

Early psychology experts paid no attention to the importance of daydreams or even considered them harmful. At one time daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses. They did not have a better understanding of daydreams until the late 1980’s. Eric Klinger, a professor of psychology, is the writer of the book DAYDREAMING. Klinger says, “We know now that daydreaming is one of the main ways that we organize our lives, learn form our experiences, and plan for our futures…Daydreams really are a window on the things we fear and the things we long for in life.”

Daydreams are usually very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard to understand. It’s easier to gain a deep understanding of your life by paying close attention to your daydreams than by trying to examine your sleep dreams carefully. Daydreams help you recognize the difficult situations in our life and find out a possible way of dealing with them.

Daydreams cannot by predicted. They move off in unexpected directions which may be creative and full of ideas. For many famous artists and scientists, daydreams were and are a main source of creative energy.

Title: 76. _____________

Effects

77. __________in the day

Organizing our lives

78. ________________

79. ________________

80. ______________

Reasons

Simple and direct→

Helping gain a deep understanding of life

81. _______________in life

82. __________a possible way of dealing with difficulties

83. _______

Unconscious

→moving off in unexpected directions→

85. _____________

84. ________

第二節(jié)：書面表達(dá)（滿分２５分）

以下面的梗概為依據(jù)，寫一篇書面表達(dá)。

1．  目前，父母和子女之間缺互理解導(dǎo)致代溝；

2．  分析代溝現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因；

3．  我對(duì)解決代溝的建議。

注意：

1．  可依據(jù)說明適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，使行文連貫；

2．  短文標(biāo)題與開頭已寫好，不計(jì)入總詞匯；

3．  詞數(shù)：120左右。

Generation Gap

Nowadays there is often a lack of understanding between parents and children. This is called generation gap…

第六次質(zhì)量檢測英語答案

1-5 CABCA           6-10 BCABC      11-15ABACA      16-17 AB

18. stories              19. working long hours         20.Fruit and vegetables

21-25 DADBD             26-30 CCBAA              31-35 BBABB

36-40 DABCC       41-45 ABCDD       46-50 ABACB              51-55 DDBCA

56-59 ABBC          60-64 ADBDB       65-68 CABC          69-72 BAAA

73. Activity.

74. The teaching of reading will be successful./ The reading teaching will be a success.

75. Reading ability is something gained rather than taught. / Reading activity is

something gained by learning. w.w.w.k.s.5 u.c.o.m

76. Benefits of Daydreaming                      77. Helping thinking

78. Learning from experiences                    79. Planning for futures

80. A life window                                     81. Helping recognize difficulties

82. Helping find out                                  83. Features

84. Not predicted                                      85. improving creativities

Generation Gap

       Nowadays there is often a lack of understanding between parents and children. This is called generation gap. Many parents say that their children are behaving unreasonably. Many a child complains that they can’t communicate with their parents. Their parents are unwilling to accept anything new.

       I think the lack of communication between parents and children is the most obvious reason. As they grew up at different times, they have many different likes and dislikes. Besides, both of them are so busy with their work or study that they don’t spare enough time to exchange ideas. Therefore, misunderstanding arises between them.

       To understand each other better, both parents and children need to make efforts. They should often communicate with each other and spend more time talking with each other. Only in this way will they bridge the generation gap.

試題詳情

理科綜合訓(xùn)練十一（物理部分）

14．一個(gè)不計(jì)重力的帶電粒子在勻強(qiáng)磁場中做勻速圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)。當(dāng)它運(yùn)動(dòng)到M點(diǎn)時(shí)，恰好與一個(gè)原來不帶電的靜止粒子碰撞，在瞬間合為一體。那么它們碰撞后的軌跡應(yīng)該是下列四圖中的哪一個(gè)（實(shí)線是碰前的軌跡，虛線是碰后的軌跡。）

A．                B．             C．                  D．

15．雷蒙德?戴維斯因研究來自太陽的電子中微子（ν_e ）而獲得2002年度諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。電子中微子可以將一個(gè)氯核轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐粋�(gè)氬核，其核反應(yīng)方程式為。已知Cl核的質(zhì)量為36.95658u，Ar核的質(zhì)量為36.95691u，e的質(zhì)量為0.00055u，lu質(zhì)量對(duì)應(yīng)的能量為931.5MeV。根據(jù)以上數(shù)據(jù)，可以判斷參與上述反應(yīng)的電子中微子的最小能量為A．0.82MeV B．0.31MeV             C．1.33MeV             D．0.51MeV

16．有一種手電筒和臺(tái)式電子鐘都是用一節(jié)干電池工作的。將新電池裝在手電筒中，經(jīng)過一段時(shí)間的使用，當(dāng)手電筒的小燈泡只能發(fā)出微弱的光而不能正常使用時(shí)，把電池取出來，用電壓表測其兩端電壓，電壓表示數(shù)略小于1.5V，把這節(jié)舊電池裝在臺(tái)式電子鐘上卻仍能使電子鐘正常工作很長時(shí)間。根據(jù)以上現(xiàn)象，可判斷下列說法中正確的是      

       A．舊電池的電動(dòng)勢比新電池的電動(dòng)勢小得多，舊電池的內(nèi)電阻比新電池的內(nèi)電阻相差不多

       B．舊電池的電動(dòng)勢比新電池的電動(dòng)勢小得多，舊電池的內(nèi)電阻比新電池的內(nèi)電阻大得多

       C．臺(tái)式電子鐘額定電壓一定比手電筒額定電壓小得多

       D．臺(tái)式電子鐘正常工作的等效電阻一定比手電筒正常工作時(shí)的電阻大得多

17．圖中實(shí)線表示兩種介質(zhì)的界面。光從介質(zhì)1進(jìn)入介質(zhì)2的光路如圖所示，由圖可知

A．光在介質(zhì)1中的波長小于在介質(zhì)2中的波長

B．在介質(zhì)1中光子的能量等于在介質(zhì)2中光子的能量

C．光從介質(zhì)1射到界面上，只要入射角足夠大，就可能發(fā)生全反射

D．光在介質(zhì)1中的傳播速度小于光在介質(zhì)2中的傳播速度

18．一理想變壓器給負(fù)載供電，變壓器輸入電壓u=U_msinωt，如圖所示，若負(fù)載增大，關(guān)于圖中所有理想交流電表的讀數(shù)及輸入功率P的變化情況的說法中正確的是                           

       A．V₁、V₂不變，A_l增大、A₂減小，P增大

       B．V₁、V₂不變，A₁、A₂減小，P減小

       C．V₁、V₂不變，A₁、A₂增大，P增大

       D．V₁不變，V₂增大，A₁減小，A₂增大，P減小

19．一列向右傳播的橫波在某一時(shí)刻的波形如圖所示，其中質(zhì)點(diǎn)P、Q到平衡位置的距離相等，波的周期為T。關(guān)于P、Q兩質(zhì)點(diǎn)，英才苑以下說法正確的是                          

       A．從該時(shí)刻起，P較Q先回到平衡位置

       B．再經(jīng)過T/4，兩質(zhì)點(diǎn)到平衡位置的距離仍相等

       C．該時(shí)刻兩質(zhì)點(diǎn)的動(dòng)量相等

       D．該時(shí)刻兩質(zhì)點(diǎn)的加速度相同

20．1．如果將兩個(gè)分子看成質(zhì)點(diǎn)，當(dāng)這兩個(gè)分子各處于平衡位置時(shí)，它們之間的距離為r₀，則該分子力大小F及分子勢能大小E_p隨分子間距離r的變化而變化的情況一定是  

A．當(dāng)r>r₀時(shí)，r變大，F(xiàn)變小，E_p變小          B．當(dāng)r>r₀時(shí)，r變大，F(xiàn)變大，E_p變小

C．當(dāng)r<r₀時(shí)，r變小，F(xiàn)變大，E_p變小          D．當(dāng)r<r₀時(shí)，r變小，F(xiàn)變大，E_p變大

21．足夠長的水平傳送帶始終以速度v勻速運(yùn)動(dòng)。某時(shí)刻放上一個(gè)小物體，質(zhì)量為m，初速大小也是v，但方向與傳動(dòng)帶的運(yùn)動(dòng)方向相反。最后小物體的速度與傳送帶相同。在小物體與傳送帶間有相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的過程中，滑動(dòng)摩擦力對(duì)小物體做的功為W，小物體與傳送帶間摩擦生熱為Q，則下面的判斷中正確的是   

A．W=mv²/2，Q=mv²     B．W=mv²，Q=2mv²   

C．W=0，Q=mv²         D．W=0，Q=2mv²  

22．⑴在“雙縫干涉測光的波長”的實(shí)驗(yàn)中，測量裝置如左下圖所示，調(diào)節(jié)分劃板的位置，使分劃板中心刻線對(duì)齊某亮條紋的中心，此螺旋測微器讀數(shù)為        mm。轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)手輪，使分劃線向一側(cè)移動(dòng)。到另一條亮條紋的中心位置，由螺旋測微器再進(jìn)行一次讀數(shù)。若實(shí)驗(yàn)測得第一條到第四條亮條紋中心間的距離為△x=0.960mm，已知雙縫間距為d=1.5mm，雙縫到屏的距離為L=1.00m，則對(duì)應(yīng)的光波波長λ=      mm。

⑵某示波器工作時(shí)，屏上顯示出如右上圖所示的波形，且亮度較弱。要將波形由A圖位置調(diào)節(jié)到B圖的位置和波形，示波器面板上的旋鈕需要調(diào)節(jié)的是       

A．輝度旋鈕       B．聚焦旋鈕

C．輔助聚焦旋鈕   D．豎直位移旋鈕

E．Y增益旋鈕     F．X增益旋鈕 

G．水平位移旋鈕   H．掃描微調(diào)旋鈕

I．衰減旋鈕        J．掃描范圍旋鈕     K．同步開關(guān)

23．一塊足夠長的木板C質(zhì)量2m，放在光滑的水平面上，如圖所示。在木板上自左向右放有A、B兩個(gè)完全相同的物塊，兩物塊質(zhì)量均為m，與木板間的動(dòng)摩擦因數(shù)均為μ。開始時(shí)木板靜止不動(dòng)，A、B兩物塊的初速度分別為v₀、2v₀，方向如圖所示。試求：⑴木板的最終速度v；⑵A、B兩物塊在木板C上相對(duì)滑行的全過程，全系統(tǒng)的摩擦生熱Q是多少？⑶A物塊在整個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)過程中最小速度v_A是多大？

24．如圖所示，半徑為R、內(nèi)壁光滑、內(nèi)徑很小的絕緣半圓管ADB固定在豎直平面內(nèi)，直徑AB垂直于水平虛線MN，圓心O恰在MN的中點(diǎn)，矩形區(qū)域MNPQ內(nèi)有水平向右的勻強(qiáng)電場。一質(zhì)量為m，電荷為q，可視為質(zhì)點(diǎn)的帶正電的小球從A點(diǎn)由靜止滑入管內(nèi)，從B點(diǎn)穿出后，通過B點(diǎn)正下方的C點(diǎn)，小球在C點(diǎn)處的加速度大小為5g/3，（g為重力加速度）。求：⑴勻強(qiáng)電場場強(qiáng)E；⑵小球通過B點(diǎn)時(shí)對(duì)半圓軌道的壓力大小；⑶小球從B點(diǎn)飛出后的最小動(dòng)能是多大？

25．如圖所示，固定在豎直平面內(nèi)的豎直平行導(dǎo)軌間距L=20cm，導(dǎo)軌頂端串聯(lián)一個(gè)開關(guān)S。導(dǎo)體棒ab與導(dǎo)軌接觸良好且無摩擦。ab的電阻為R=0.40Ω，質(zhì)量為m=10g，導(dǎo)軌的電阻不計(jì)。整個(gè)裝置處在與導(dǎo)軌平面垂直的勻強(qiáng)磁場中，磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度為B=1.0T。當(dāng)ab棒由靜止釋放t=0.30s后突然接通開關(guān)，不計(jì)空氣阻力，設(shè)導(dǎo)軌足夠長。取g=10m/s²。求：⑴ab棒下落過程的最大速度v_m和最大加速度a_m；⑵接通開關(guān)后ab棒的穩(wěn)定速度v；⑶若從接通開關(guān)到達(dá)到穩(wěn)定速度過程ab棒下落的高度是h=1.4m，求該過程安培力對(duì)ab棒的沖量I_F的大小，并求該過程經(jīng)歷的時(shí)間t´。

試題詳情

理科綜合訓(xùn)練（十五）（物理部分）

14．如圖所示，物塊M通過與斜面平行的細(xì)繩與小物塊ｍ相連，斜面的傾角α可以改變。討論物塊M對(duì)斜面的摩擦力的大小，則一定有(   　  )

A．若物塊M保持靜止，則α角越大，摩擦力越大

B．若物塊M保持靜止，則α角越大，摩擦力越小

C．若物塊M沿斜面下滑，則α角越大，摩擦力越大

D．若物塊M沿斜面下滑，則α角越大，摩擦力越小

15．地球公轉(zhuǎn)周期和公轉(zhuǎn)半徑分別為T和R；月球的公轉(zhuǎn)周期和公轉(zhuǎn)半徑分別為t和r，則太陽質(zhì)量與地球質(zhì)量之比為(     )

A．      B．      C．      D．

16．兩上點(diǎn)電荷固定在A、B兩點(diǎn)，它們帶有等量正電荷，A、B連線的中點(diǎn)為O，如圖所示。在這兩個(gè)固定點(diǎn)電荷的電場中，在AO的中點(diǎn)C處有一個(gè)正點(diǎn)電荷P，由靜止釋放后沿直線AB運(yùn)動(dòng)，關(guān)于點(diǎn)電荷要的運(yùn)動(dòng)情況，有(     )

A．P所受的電場力的合力方向總是指向O點(diǎn)

B．P沿直線AB做往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)

C．從C到O點(diǎn)，P受到的電場力越來越小，電勢能越來越小

D．從C到O點(diǎn)，P運(yùn)動(dòng)的加速度越來越小，動(dòng)能越來越大

17． 如圖，在傾角為α的固定光滑斜面上，有一用繩子拴著的長木板，木板上站著一個(gè)人，已知木板的質(zhì)量是人的質(zhì)量的2倍。當(dāng)繩子突然斷開時(shí)，人立即沿著板向上跑，以保持其相對(duì)斜面的位置不變，則此時(shí)木板沿斜面下滑的加速度為(    )

A．sinα       B．g sinα     C．g sinα         D．2g sinα

18．據(jù)報(bào)道，我國的“高溫”下磁懸浮技術(shù)已取得較大突破，應(yīng)用此技術(shù)所造的磁懸浮列車已進(jìn)入試驗(yàn)階段，走在世界前列。如圖所示為磁懸浮的原理圖，圖中A是圓柱形磁鐵，B是用“高溫”超導(dǎo)材料制成的電阻率為零的超導(dǎo)圓環(huán)。將超導(dǎo)圓環(huán)B水平放在磁鐵A上，它就能在磁力的作用下懸浮在A的上方空中。則以下判斷正確的是(     )

A．在B放入磁場的過程中，B將產(chǎn)生感應(yīng)電流，當(dāng)穩(wěn)定后，電流消失

B．在B放入磁場的過程中，B將產(chǎn)生感應(yīng)電流，當(dāng)穩(wěn)定后，電流仍存在

C．若A的N極朝上，則B中感應(yīng)電流的方向?yàn)閺南峦�上看的逆時(shí)針

D．若A的N極朝下，則B中感應(yīng)電流的方向?yàn)閺南峦�上看的逆時(shí)針

19．如圖所示，M是一小型理想變壓器，接線柱a、b接在電壓u＝311sin314t (V)的正弦交流電源上，變壓器右側(cè)部分為一火警報(bào)警系統(tǒng)原理圖，其中R₂為用半導(dǎo)體熱敏材料制成的傳感器，電流表A₂為值班室的顯示器，顯示通過R₁的電流，電壓表V₂顯示加在報(bào)警器上的電壓(報(bào)警器未畫出)，R₃為一定值電阻。當(dāng)傳感器R₂所在處出現(xiàn)火警時(shí)，以下說法中正確的是(      )

A．A₁的示數(shù)不變，A₂的示數(shù)增大

B．V₁的示數(shù)不變，V₂的示數(shù)減小

C．V₁的示數(shù)不變，V₂的示數(shù)增大

D．A₁的示數(shù)增大，A₂的示數(shù)減小

20．如圖所示，兩只電流表A₁、A₂串聯(lián)后連成圖甲電路，調(diào)節(jié)R使A₁滿偏時(shí)，A₂的示數(shù)為滿偏的2/3，將A₁和A₂并聯(lián)后連成圖乙電路，重新調(diào)節(jié)R，當(dāng)A₂滿偏時(shí)，A₁的示數(shù)為滿偏的1/3。已知A₁的內(nèi)阻為0.45Ω，那么A₂的內(nèi)阻為（　　�。�

A．0.1Ω    　　　　  B．0.3Ω     

C．0.45Ω    　　　　 D．0.15Ω

21．民族運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)上有一個(gè)騎射項(xiàng)目，運(yùn)運(yùn)動(dòng)員騎在奔馳的馬背上，彎弓放箭射擊側(cè)向的固定目標(biāo)。若運(yùn)動(dòng)員騎馬奔馳的速度為，運(yùn)動(dòng)員靜止時(shí)射出的弓箭速度為，直線跑道離固定目標(biāo)的最近距離為d。要想在最短的時(shí)間內(nèi)射中目標(biāo)，則運(yùn)動(dòng)員放箭處離目標(biāo)的距離應(yīng)該為    （    ）

    A．     B．    C．           D．

22、 （一）用螺旋測微器測圓柱體的直徑時(shí)，示數(shù)如圖甲所示，此示數(shù)為        mm。用分度為0.05mm的游標(biāo)卡尺測量某物體的厚度時(shí)，示數(shù)如圖乙所示，此示數(shù)為       cm。

(二)某興趣小組為測一遙控電動(dòng)小車的額定功率，進(jìn)行了如下實(shí)驗(yàn)：

①用天平測出電動(dòng)小車的質(zhì)量為0.5kg；

②將電動(dòng)小車、紙帶和打點(diǎn)計(jì)時(shí)器按圖甲所示安裝；

③接通打點(diǎn)計(jì)時(shí)器（其打點(diǎn)周期為0.02s）； ④使電動(dòng)小車以額定功率加速運(yùn)動(dòng)，達(dá)到最大速度一段時(shí)間后關(guān)閉小車電源，待小車靜止時(shí)再關(guān)閉打點(diǎn)計(jì)時(shí)器（設(shè)小車在整個(gè)過程中所受的阻力恒定）。 在關(guān)閉小車電源前后，打點(diǎn)計(jì)時(shí)器在紙帶上所打的部分點(diǎn)跡如圖乙所示。   請(qǐng)你分析紙帶數(shù)據(jù)，回答下列問題：（計(jì)算結(jié)果保留二位有效數(shù)字）       （1）該電動(dòng)小車運(yùn)動(dòng)的最大速度為           m/s； （2）在關(guān)閉小車電源后，該電動(dòng)小車運(yùn)動(dòng)的加速度大小為        m/s2； （3）該電動(dòng)小車的額定功率為          W。 23．如圖所示，質(zhì)量為M的小球被一根長為L 的可繞O軸自由轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的輕質(zhì)桿固定在其端點(diǎn)，同時(shí) 又通過繩跨過光滑定滑輪與質(zhì)量為m的小球相連.若 將M由桿呈水平狀態(tài)開始釋放，不計(jì)摩擦，豎直繩 足夠長，則當(dāng)桿轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)到豎直位置時(shí)，m的速度是多大？         24．如圖（a）所示，M、N為中心開有小孔的平行板電容器的兩極板，相距D=1m，其右側(cè)為垂直紙面向里的勻強(qiáng)磁場，磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度B=1×10－3T，磁場區(qū)域足夠長，寬為d=0.01m；在極板M、N之間加有如圖（b）所示交變電壓，M極電勢高于N極時(shí)電壓為正�，F(xiàn)有帶正電粒子不斷從極板M中央小孔處射入電容器，粒子的初速度可忽略不計(jì)；其荷質(zhì)比q/m=2×1011C/kg，重力不計(jì)，試求：    （1）由0時(shí)刻進(jìn)入電容器內(nèi)的粒子經(jīng)多長時(shí)間才能到達(dá)磁場？    （2）由0時(shí)刻進(jìn)入電容容器內(nèi)的粒子射出磁場時(shí)向上偏移的距離.    （3）在交變電壓第一個(gè)周期內(nèi)，哪些時(shí)刻進(jìn)入電容器內(nèi)的粒子能從磁場的右側(cè)射出來？           答案： 14．D  15．C  16．ABD  17．C  18．BC  19．BD  20．A 21、B  22．（一）6.122~6.127   6.17 （二）（1）1.5  （2）2.1  （3）1.6 23．解：相轉(zhuǎn)到豎直位置時(shí)，M球下落距離 L，繩與豎直方面成45°角，m球上升的高度 為h=L  ① 設(shè)此時(shí)M球、m球的速度分別為vM、vm. 有vM=vm  ② 在整個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)過程中，由機(jī)械能守恒. MgL－mg， ③ 由以上3式得出m球的速度 24．解：（1）粒子進(jìn)入電容器，其加速度 ① 假設(shè)能在時(shí)間以內(nèi)穿過電容器，則有  ② 由以上兩式關(guān)代入數(shù)據(jù)得    （2）設(shè)粒子到達(dá)磁場時(shí)的速率為v          由動(dòng)能定理得： ③          粒子進(jìn)入磁場在洛侖茲力作用下做 勻速圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)，其半徑為R，有 ④           粒子運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡如圖，由幾何知識(shí)           （R－L）2+d2=R2  ⑤           根據(jù)③④⑤式得粒子向上偏移的距離L=（－1）×10－2m⑥    （3）如果粒子在磁場中的軌跡恰與右邊界相切，則半徑R0=d，對(duì)應(yīng)速度為v0         設(shè)在電場中先加速位移x，后減速位移D－x         由動(dòng)能定理：  ⑦          加速位移x需要時(shí)間為t，⑧           由④⑦⑧⑨得t=⑨          故需在0~（―t）內(nèi)進(jìn)入電容器，即在0~0.39×10－7s內(nèi)進(jìn)入       試題詳情 理科綜合訓(xùn)練（十四）（物理部分） 14．假設(shè)地球同步衛(wèi)星的軌道半徑是地球半徑的n倍，則                      （    ） A．同步衛(wèi)星運(yùn)行速度是第一宇宙速度的倍 B．同步衛(wèi)星的運(yùn)行速度是第一宇宙速的倍 C．同步衛(wèi)星的運(yùn)行速度是地球赤道上物體隨地球自轉(zhuǎn)速度的n倍 D．同步衛(wèi)星的向心加速度是地球表面重力加速度的倍 15．如圖所示，質(zhì)量為m的小球A沿高度為h傾角為θ的光滑斜面以初速v0滑下。另一質(zhì)量與A相同的小球B自相同高度由靜止落下，結(jié)果兩球同時(shí)落地。下列說法正確的是 A．重力對(duì)兩球做的功相同 B．落地前的瞬間A球的速度大于B球的速度 C．落地前的瞬間A球重力的瞬時(shí)功率大于B球重力的瞬時(shí)    功率 D．兩球重力的平均功率相同 16．如圖所示，木塊從左邊斜面的A點(diǎn)自靜止開始下滑，經(jīng)過一段水平面后，又滑上右邊斜面并停留在B點(diǎn)。若動(dòng)摩擦因數(shù)處處相等，AB連線與水平面夾角為θ，則木塊與接觸面間的動(dòng)摩擦因數(shù)為（不考慮木塊在路徑轉(zhuǎn)折處碰撞損失的能量） A．sinθ                    B．cosθ    C．tanθ                D．cotθ 17．某小船在靜水中的速度大小保持不變，該小船要渡過一條河，渡河時(shí)小船船頭垂直指向河岸．若船行至河中間時(shí)，水流速度突然增大，則                     A．小船渡河時(shí)間不變            B．小船渡河時(shí)間減少 C．小船渡河時(shí)間增加           D．小船到達(dá)對(duì)岸地點(diǎn)不變 18．如圖所示，小球用兩根輕質(zhì)橡皮條懸吊著，且AO呈水平狀態(tài)，BO跟豎 直方向的夾角為α，那么在剪斷某一根橡皮條的瞬間，小球的加速度情況是（     ） A.不管剪斷哪一根，小球加速度均是零 B.剪斷AO瞬間，小球加速度大小a=gtanα C.剪斷BO瞬間，小球加速度大小a=gcosα D.剪斷BO瞬間，小球加速度大小a=g/cosα 19. 如圖所示，水平面上固定一對(duì)足夠長的平行光滑金屬導(dǎo)軌，導(dǎo)軌的左端連接一個(gè)電容器，導(dǎo)軌上跨接一根電阻為R的金屬棒ab，其他電阻忽略不計(jì)，整個(gè)裝置置于豎直向下的勻強(qiáng)磁場中. 起初金屬棒ab以恒定速度v向右運(yùn)動(dòng)，突然遇到外力作用停止運(yùn)動(dòng)，隨即又撤去外力. 此后金屬棒ab的運(yùn)動(dòng)情況是 （A）ab向右做初速度為0的加速運(yùn)動(dòng) （B）ab先向右加速運(yùn)動(dòng)，后繼續(xù)向右減速運(yùn)動(dòng) （C）因?yàn)闊o電流，ab將始終不動(dòng) （D）ab先向右做加速運(yùn)動(dòng)，后繼續(xù)向右做勻速運(yùn)動(dòng) 20．如圖所示，一正方形線圈abcd在勻強(qiáng)磁場中繞垂直于磁感線的對(duì)稱軸OO′勻速轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，沿著OO′觀察，線圈沿逆時(shí)針方向轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。已知?jiǎng)驈?qiáng)磁場的磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度為B，線圈匝數(shù)為n，邊長為l，電阻為R，轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的角速度為，則當(dāng)線圈轉(zhuǎn)至圖示位置時(shí)        （    ）     A．線圈中感應(yīng)電流的方向?yàn)閍bcda     B．線圈中的感應(yīng)電流為     C．穿過線圈磁通量為0     D．穿過線圈磁通量的變化率為Bl2ω 21．如圖所示，電源內(nèi)阻不可忽略，已知R1為半導(dǎo)體熱敏電阻，R2為錳銅合金制成的可變電阻，當(dāng)發(fā)現(xiàn)燈泡L的亮度逐漸變暗時(shí)，可能的原因是（       ） A．R1的溫度逐漸降低     B．R1受到的可見光的照射     C．R2的阻值逐漸增大     D．R2的阻值逐漸減小   22、測量一螺線管兩接線柱之間金屬絲的長度。  器材： A．待測螺線管L（符號(hào)）：繞制螺線管金屬絲的電阻率m，電阻約為 B．螺旋測微器    C．電流表G：量程100μA，內(nèi)阻=500Ω D．電壓表V：量程6V，內(nèi)阻=4kΩ E．定值電阻R0：R0=50Ω      F．滑動(dòng)變阻器：全電阻約1k G．電源E：電動(dòng)勢9V，內(nèi)阻忽略不計(jì)    H．電鍵S一個(gè)，導(dǎo)線若干 ①實(shí)驗(yàn)中用螺旋測微器測得金屬絲的 直徑如圖甲所示，其示數(shù)為d=          ②按圖乙所示電路測量金屬絲的電阻，請(qǐng)?jiān)趫D丙的實(shí)物圖上連線。                       23．一輛電動(dòng)自行車，蓄電池一次充足電后可向電動(dòng)機(jī)提供E0＝3.0×106焦耳的能量，電動(dòng)機(jī)的額定輸出功率為120瓦。已知自行車和電池的質(zhì)量m＝30千克，最大載重（即騎車人和所載物體的最大總質(zhì)量）M＝120千克。質(zhì)量為m0＝70kg的人騎此自行車在無風(fēng)的平直公路行駛，所受阻力f是車輛總重力的0.03倍。 （1）若這輛車的電動(dòng)機(jī)的效率η是80％，則這輛車充足一次電后，僅在電動(dòng)機(jī)提供動(dòng)力情況下，在無風(fēng)的平直公路行駛，空載時(shí)（即僅騎車人騎車，不帶其他東西）能行駛的最大距離是多少？ （2）僅在電動(dòng)機(jī)提供動(dòng)力情況下，在無風(fēng)的平直公路上自行車空載時(shí)從靜止開始以a＝0.2m/s2加速度勻加速前進(jìn)的最長時(shí)間是多少？在這段時(shí)間內(nèi)消耗的電能為多少焦耳？ （3）僅以電動(dòng)機(jī)的額定功率提供動(dòng)力情況下，電動(dòng)自行車承載最大載重時(shí)，在無風(fēng)的平直公路行駛，當(dāng)車速為v1=1m/s的瞬時(shí)，車的瞬時(shí)加速度為多大 ?             24．水平放置的平行金屬板M、N之間存在豎直向上的勻強(qiáng)電場和垂直紙面的交變磁場（如圖所示a，垂直紙面向里為正），磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度B0＝100T。已知兩板間距離d＝0.3m，電場強(qiáng)度E＝50V/m， M板上有一小孔P，在P正上方h＝5cm處的O點(diǎn)，一帶電油滴自由下落，穿過小孔后進(jìn)入兩板間，最后落在N板上的Q點(diǎn)如圖b所示。如果油滴的質(zhì)量m＝，帶電量，（1）若油滴在t=0時(shí)刻進(jìn)入兩板間，最后恰好垂直向下落在N板上的Q點(diǎn)。試求交變磁場的變化周期T。（2）Q、O兩點(diǎn)的水平距離。（重力加速度g取10m/s2）             25．如圖，豎直放置的光滑平行金屬導(dǎo)軌MN、PQ相距L，在M點(diǎn)和P點(diǎn)間接一個(gè)阻值為R的電阻，在兩導(dǎo)軌間 OO1O1′O′ 矩形區(qū)域內(nèi)有垂直導(dǎo)軌平面向里、寬為d的勻強(qiáng)磁場，磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度為B．一質(zhì)量為m，電阻為r的導(dǎo)體棒ab垂直擱在導(dǎo)軌上，與磁場上邊邊界相距d0．現(xiàn)使ab棒由靜止開始釋放，棒ab在離開磁場前已經(jīng)做勻速直線運(yùn)動(dòng)（棒ab與導(dǎo)軌始終保持良好的電接觸且下落過程中始終保持水平，導(dǎo)軌電阻不計(jì)）．求： （1）棒ab在離開磁場下邊界時(shí)的速度； （2）棒ab在通過磁場區(qū)的過程中產(chǎn)生的焦耳熱； （3）試分析討論ab棒在磁場中可能出現(xiàn)的運(yùn)動(dòng)情況．   答案： 14．BC【解析】由，得第一宇宙速度，同步衛(wèi)星的運(yùn)行速度，故A錯(cuò)B正確；同步衛(wèi)星與地球自轉(zhuǎn)的角速度相等，由知C選項(xiàng)正確；由，知同步衛(wèi)星的向心加速度是地球表面重力加速度的倍，D錯(cuò)。 15．CD  16．C  17．A     18．BD  19．B 20、BCD  21、AD 22． 解答：①0.384~0.386mm     ②如圖所示              ③ 23．解：（1）空載時(shí)，所受阻力f=0.03（m+m0）g=30N   根據(jù)能量守恒定律可得：ηE0=fs        代入數(shù)據(jù)可得 s=80km          （2）設(shè)勻加速前進(jìn)的最長時(shí)間為t，且末態(tài)功率達(dá)到額定         V=at   代入數(shù)據(jù)可得：  t=12s   消耗的總電能為       又s=at2/2   代入數(shù)據(jù)得：  E=900J      (3)        代入數(shù)據(jù)得  a=0.5m/s   24、解：（1）油滴自由下落，進(jìn)入兩板間電、磁場時(shí)的初速為 ……①         油滴進(jìn)入電、磁場后，受力情況如圖所示， 重力 ……②     電場力   ……③ 帶電油滴進(jìn)入兩極板間，受電場力與重力平衡，在磁場力的作用下，它做勻速圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)。設(shè)圓周半徑為R，若恰好垂直落在N板上的Q點(diǎn)，則   ……④       ……⑤ 解得    又已知d=0.3m , 如圖所示，由幾何關(guān)系得d=6R          ∴交變磁場周期     （2）設(shè)O、Q兩點(diǎn)的水平距離為x，如圖所示，由幾何關(guān)系得 25．（1）設(shè)ab棒離開磁場邊界前做勻速運(yùn)動(dòng)的速度為v，產(chǎn)生的電動(dòng)勢為 E = BLv 電路中電流 I = 對(duì)ab棒，由平衡條件得 mg－BIL = 0 解得 v = (2) 由能量守恒定律：mg(d0 + d) = E電 + mv2 解得   （3）設(shè)棒剛進(jìn)入磁場時(shí)的速度為v0，由mgd0 = mv02，得v0 = 棒在磁場中勻速時(shí)速度為v = ， 1 當(dāng)v0=v，即d0 = 時(shí)，棒進(jìn)入磁場后做勻速直線運(yùn)  2 當(dāng)v0 < v，即d0 <時(shí)，棒進(jìn)入磁場后做先加速后勻速直線運(yùn)動(dòng) 3 當(dāng)v0＞v，即d0＞時(shí)，棒進(jìn)入磁場后做先減速后勻速直線運(yùn)動(dòng)             試題詳情 重慶八中高2009級(jí)高三下第一次月考 數(shù)學(xué)試題（理科） 第Ⅰ卷 一.選擇題（本大題共10小題，每小題5分，共50分.在每小題給出的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有一個(gè)是符合題目要求的.） 1.設(shè)全集u={ 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 }，集合M={ 3,4,5 }，集合N={ 1,3,6 }，則集合{2,7 }=（  ） A.M∩N           B.       C.     D.M∪N 學(xué)科網(wǎng) 2.經(jīng)過圓的圓心，且與直線垂直的直線方程是（  ）      A.     B.       C.    D. 3.公差不為0的等差數(shù)列中，，數(shù)列是等比數(shù)列，且，則（  ） A.2               B.4                 C.8                D.16 4. 下列結(jié)論正確的是(   ) A.已知命題，都有，則,使得 B.是的充要條件 C.若命題“”為真，則命題“”為真 D.命題“若則”的逆否命題是“若或則” 5.從平行六面體的6個(gè)面中任取3個(gè)面，其中有兩個(gè)面不相鄰的選法有（  ）種.  A.8              B.12              C.16              D.20 6.已知平面，，點(diǎn),,直線，直線，直線，，則下列四種位置關(guān)系中，不一定成立的是（    ） A.        B.       C.        D. 7.如圖，外接圓半徑，弦在上且垂直平分邊，則過點(diǎn)且以為焦點(diǎn)的雙曲線 方程為（  ） A.                  B. C.                 D. 8.平面直角坐標(biāo)系中，為坐標(biāo)原點(diǎn)，已知點(diǎn)，若點(diǎn)滿足，且，則的最大值為（  ） A.                B.              C.2               D.1 9.已知，若，則下列結(jié)論正確的是（   ） A.                     B. C.        D. 10.已知函數(shù)的圖象與函數(shù)的圖象關(guān)于直線對(duì)稱， 記上是增函數(shù)，則實(shí)數(shù)的 取值范圍是（   ） A.[2，+∞）             B.                C.             D.   第Ⅱ卷   二.填空題（本大題共6小題，每小題4分，共24分.） 11. 已知為銳角，，則        12.已知O為坐標(biāo)原點(diǎn)，則點(diǎn)C的坐標(biāo)為       13.設(shè)函數(shù)是偶函數(shù)，且對(duì)任意正實(shí)數(shù)滿足，已知，則      14.已知拋物線有相同的焦點(diǎn)F，點(diǎn)A是兩曲線的交點(diǎn)，且AF⊥軸，則雙曲線的離心率為       15.四面體ABCD的外接球的球心在棱CD上，且CD=2,,則在外接球球面上A、B兩點(diǎn)的球面距離是        16.觀察下列等式：                              ……………… 可以推測，當(dāng)≥2（）時(shí)，       ；       . 三.解答題（本大題共6小題，共76分，解答應(yīng)寫出文字說明，證明過程或演算步驟） 17.如圖，在四棱錐中，底面是邊長為2的菱形，， 的中點(diǎn)，的中點(diǎn)，. (1)  證明：直線； (2)  求異面直線與所成角的大��； (3)  求點(diǎn)到平面的距離.                       18. 已知. (1)求； (2)設(shè)，且已知，求.               19. 三棱錐被平行于底面的平面所截得的幾何體如圖所示，截面為，，平面，，，，， （1）證明：平面平面； （2）求二面角的大小．                       20.已知函數(shù),且的圖像按向量=平移后得到的圖像關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱. （1）求的解析式； （2）設(shè).求證：.           21. 已知是橢圓的頂點(diǎn)（如圖）,直線與橢圓交于異于頂點(diǎn)的兩點(diǎn),且.若橢圓的離心率是,且. （1）求此橢圓的方程； （2）設(shè)直線和直線的傾斜角分別為.試判斷是否為定值？若是， 求出此定值；若不是，說明理由.                         22.在直角坐標(biāo)平面xOy上的一列點(diǎn)簡記為 若由構(gòu)成數(shù)列，滿足軸正方向相同的單位向量，則為T點(diǎn)列. （1）判斷是否為T點(diǎn)列，并說明理由； （2）若任取其中連續(xù)三點(diǎn)，判 斷的形狀（銳角、直角、鈍角三角形），并予以證明； （3）若點(diǎn)列，正整數(shù)滿足且求證：                                             試題詳情 理科綜合訓(xùn)練（十三）（物理部分） 14．如圖甲所示，有一個(gè)等腰直角三角形的勻強(qiáng)磁場區(qū)域，其直角邊長為L，磁場方向垂直紙面向外，磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度大小為B。一邊長為人總電阻為R的正方形導(dǎo)線框abcd，從圖示位置開始沿x軸正方向以速度v勻速穿過磁場區(qū)域。取沿a→b→c→d→a的感應(yīng)電流為正，則圖乙中表示線框中電流i隨bC邊的位置坐標(biāo)x變化的圖象正確的是 （     ）                       A．BC邊短些，AB邊也短些   B．BC邊長些，AB邊短些   C．BC邊短些，AB邊長些   D．BC邊長些，AB邊也長些 16．壓敏電阻的阻值隨所受壓力的增大而減小。某實(shí)驗(yàn)小組在升降機(jī)水平地面上利用壓敏電阻設(shè)計(jì)了判斷升降機(jī)運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)的裝置。其工作原理圖如圖甲所示，將壓敏電阻、定值電阻R、電流顯示器、電源E連成電路，在壓敏電阻上放置一個(gè)絕緣重物。0－t時(shí)間內(nèi)升降機(jī)停在某一樓層處，t時(shí)刻升降機(jī)開始運(yùn)動(dòng)，從電流顯示器中得到電路中電流i隨時(shí)間t變化情況如 圖乙所示。則下列判斷正確的是 A．t－t時(shí)間內(nèi)絕緣重物處于超重狀態(tài) B．t－t時(shí)間內(nèi)絕緣重物處于失重狀態(tài) C．升降機(jī)開始時(shí)可能停在10樓，從t；時(shí)刻開始，經(jīng)向下加速、勻速、減速，最后停在1樓 D．升降機(jī)開始時(shí)可能停在1樓，從t時(shí)刻開始，經(jīng)向上加速、勻速、減速，最后停在10樓 17．據(jù)報(bào)道，嫦娥二號(hào)探月衛(wèi)星將于2009年前后發(fā)射，其環(huán)月飛行的高度距離月球表面100km，所探測到的有關(guān)月球的數(shù)據(jù)將比環(huán)月飛行高度為200km的嫦娥一號(hào)更加翔實(shí)。若兩顆衛(wèi) 星環(huán)月運(yùn)行均可視為勻速圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)，運(yùn)行軌道如圖所示。則（ ） A．嫦娥二號(hào)環(huán)月運(yùn)行的周期比嫦娥一號(hào)更小 B．嫦娥二號(hào)環(huán)月運(yùn)行的周期比嫦娥一號(hào)更大 C，嫦娥二號(hào)環(huán)月運(yùn)行時(shí)向心加速度比嫦娥一號(hào)更小 D．嫦娥二號(hào)環(huán)月運(yùn)行時(shí)向心加速度與嫦娥一號(hào)相等 18．如圖所示，兩個(gè)橫截面分別為圓形和正方形的區(qū)域內(nèi)有磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度相同的勻強(qiáng)磁場，圓的直徑和正方形的邊長相等，兩個(gè)電子分別以相同的速度分別飛入兩個(gè)磁場區(qū)域，速度方向均與磁場方向垂直，進(jìn)入圓形磁場的電子初速度方向?qū)��?zhǔn)圓心；進(jìn)入正方形磁場的電子初速度方向垂直于邊界，從中點(diǎn)進(jìn)入。則下面判斷正確的是（   ） A.兩電子在兩磁場中運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)，其半徑一定相同 B.兩電了在磁場中運(yùn)動(dòng)的時(shí)間有可能相同 C.進(jìn)入圓形磁場區(qū)域的電子可能先飛離磁場 D.進(jìn)入圓形磁場區(qū)域的電子可能后飛離磁場 19． 如右下圖所示，輪子的半徑均為R=0.20 m，且均由電動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)以角速度ω=8.0 rad/s逆時(shí)針勻速轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，輪子的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)軸在同一水平面上，軸心相距d =1.6 m 。現(xiàn)將一塊均勻木板條輕輕平放在輪子上，開始時(shí)木板條的重心恰好在O2輪的正上方，已知木板條的長度L＞2d，木板條與輪子間的動(dòng)摩擦因數(shù)均為μ=0.16 ，則木板條重心恰好運(yùn)動(dòng)到O1輪正上方所需的時(shí)間是（　　） A. 1 s           B. 0.5 s         C. 1.5 s            D. 條件不足，無法判斷 20．如圖所示，AB、CD為一圓的兩條直徑，且相互垂直，O點(diǎn)為圓心，空間存在一未知靜電場，方向與圓周所在平面平行，現(xiàn)讓一電子先從A點(diǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)至C點(diǎn)，電勢能減少了EP；又從C點(diǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)至B點(diǎn)，電勢能增加了EP，那么此空間存在的靜電場可能是 （   ）               A．勻強(qiáng)電場，方向垂直于AB由O點(diǎn)指向C點(diǎn)     B．勻強(qiáng)電場，方向垂直于AB由C點(diǎn)指向O點(diǎn)     C．位于O點(diǎn)的正點(diǎn)電荷形成的電場     D．位于D點(diǎn)的負(fù)電荷形成的電場 21．在如圖所示的靜電實(shí)驗(yàn)電路中，已知電容器的電容C1＝C2＝C，電源的電動(dòng)勢為E，內(nèi)阻為r，伏特表的內(nèi)阻為10kΩ，當(dāng)電路達(dá)到穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)后，則                                  A．靜電計(jì)上電勢差為零     B．伏特計(jì)上電勢差為零     C．電容器C1所帶電量為CE                   　　     D．電容器C2所帶電量為CE 22．圖中，甲圖為一段粗細(xì)均勻的新型導(dǎo)電材料棒，現(xiàn)測量該材料的電阻率. （1）首先用多用電表的 歐姆檔（倍率為×10）粗測 其電阻，指針位置如圖乙所 示，其讀數(shù)R=              . （2）然后用以下器材用伏安法盡可能精確地測量其電阻： A. 電流表: 量程為0.6A，內(nèi)阻約為0.1Ω B. 電壓表: 量程為3V，內(nèi)阻約為3kΩ C. 滑動(dòng)變阻器：最大阻值為20Ω，額定電流1A D. 低壓直流電源：電壓6V，內(nèi)阻忽略 F. 電鍵K，導(dǎo)線若干 在方框中畫出實(shí)驗(yàn)電路圖. （3）如果實(shí)驗(yàn)中電流表示數(shù)為I，電壓表示數(shù)為U，并測出該棒的長度為L、直徑為d，則該材料的電阻率ρ=                   （用測出的物理量的符號(hào)表示）.   23． “嫦娥一號(hào)”探月衛(wèi)星的成功發(fā)射，實(shí)現(xiàn)了中華民族千年奔月的夢想。假若我國的航天員登上某一星球并在該星球表面上做了如下圖所示的力學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)：讓質(zhì)量為m=1.0kg的小滑塊以v0=1m/s的初速度從傾角為53°的斜面AB的頂點(diǎn)A滑下，到達(dá)B點(diǎn)后恰好能沿傾角為37°的斜面到達(dá)C點(diǎn)。不計(jì)滑過B點(diǎn)時(shí)的機(jī)械能損失，滑塊與斜面間的動(dòng)摩擦因數(shù)均為，測得A、C兩點(diǎn)離B點(diǎn)所在水平面的高度分別為h1=1.2m，h2=0.5m。已知sin37°=0.6，cos37°=0.8，不計(jì)該星球的自轉(zhuǎn)以及其他星球?qū)λ�的作用�?/p> （1）求該星球表面的重力加速度； （2）若測得該星球的半徑為m，宇航員要在該星球上發(fā)射一顆探測器繞其做勻速圓 <ul id="tkrgw"></ul>                     （3）取地球半徑m，地球表面的重力加速度g0=10m/s2，求該星球的平均密度與地球的平均密度之比。               24.今年８月，舉世矚目的奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)將在北京舉行. 廣西是“舉重之鄉(xiāng)”，廣西舉重運(yùn)動(dòng)員曾多次在各種國際大賽中獲得金牌，相信今年奧運(yùn)會(huì)廣西舉重運(yùn)動(dòng)員也將會(huì)有不俗表現(xiàn).“抓舉”是舉重的一個(gè)項(xiàng)目，其技術(shù)動(dòng)作可分為預(yù)備、提杠鈴、發(fā)力、下蹲支撐、起立、放下杠鈴等六個(gè)步驟，照片表示了其中的幾個(gè)狀態(tài). 已知杠鈴質(zhì)量m=150kg，運(yùn)動(dòng)員從發(fā)力到支撐歷時(shí)t=0.8s，這個(gè)過程杠鈴上升高度h＝0.6m，若將運(yùn)動(dòng)員發(fā)力時(shí)的作用力簡化成豎直向上的恒力F，取g＝10m/s2，則在該過程中： （1）杠鈴做什么運(yùn)動(dòng)？ （2）恒力F有多大？       25．一質(zhì)量為m、帶電量為+q的粒子以速度v從O點(diǎn)沿y軸正方向射入一圓形勻強(qiáng)磁場區(qū)域（O點(diǎn)在磁場區(qū)域內(nèi)），磁場方向垂直紙面向外，粒子飛出磁場區(qū)域后，從b處穿過x軸，速度方向與x軸正方向的夾角為30°，同時(shí)進(jìn)入場強(qiáng)為E，方向沿x輛負(fù)方向成60°角斜向下的勻強(qiáng)電場中，通過了b點(diǎn)正下方c點(diǎn)，如圖所示，已知b到O的距離為L，粒子的重力不計(jì)，試求： （1）磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度B； （2）圓形勻強(qiáng)磁場區(qū)域的最小面積； （3）c點(diǎn)到b點(diǎn)的距離。         答案： 14．C  15．C  16．C   17．A  18．ABC    19.C木板條由靜止開始，先做初速度為零的勻加速直線運(yùn)動(dòng)，加速度為a =μg=1.6m /s2，當(dāng)木板的速度等于輪子邊緣的線速度=1.6m/s時(shí)，向左通過的位移為0.8 m，由于< d，所以木板條繼續(xù)向左勻速直線運(yùn)動(dòng)，位移為s2= d ?s1= 0.8m。加速階段s，勻速階段s，故總時(shí)間為1.5 s，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。 20．BD 21、BD 22． (1)200Ω    (2)電路如圖 （3） 23． （1）小滑塊從A到C的過程中，由動(dòng)能定理得                                                                        代入數(shù)值解得  g=6m/s2                                           （2）設(shè)探測器質(zhì)量為，探測器繞該星球表面做勻速圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)運(yùn)行速度最大，由牛頓第二定律和萬有引力定律得    （2分）又    （2分）解得 代入數(shù)值解得  v=6 km/s  （3）由星球密度  和得該星球的平均密度與地球的平均密度之比              代入數(shù)值解得       24. 杠鈴先做勻加速運(yùn)動(dòng)，后做豎直上拋運(yùn)動(dòng)        從發(fā)力到支撐，設(shè)最大速度為，則           勻加速階段：                  豎直上拋階段：           可求出：   恒力F＝1846.2 N    25． 解：（1）粒子在磁場中做勻速圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)，設(shè)半徑為R， ①… 據(jù)此并由題意知，粒子在磁場中的軌跡的圓心C必在x軸上，且b點(diǎn)在磁場區(qū)之外，過b沿速度方向作延長線，它與y軸相交于d點(diǎn)，作圓孤過O點(diǎn)與y軸相切，并且與bd相切，切點(diǎn)a即粒子離開磁場區(qū)的地點(diǎn)，這樣也求得圓孤軌跡的圓心C，如圖所示，由圖中幾何關(guān)系得：L=3R     由①、②求得      （2）要使磁場的區(qū)域有最小面積，則Oa應(yīng)為磁場區(qū)域的直徑，由幾何關(guān)系知：   ④由②、④得  ∴勻強(qiáng)磁場的最小面積為： （3）帶電粒子進(jìn)入電場后，由于速度方向與電場力方向垂直，故做類平拋運(yùn)動(dòng)，由運(yùn)動(dòng)的合成知識(shí)有：… 而…聯(lián)立解得：       試題詳情 理科綜合訓(xùn)練（十七）（物理部分） 14.2006年的朝鮮“核危機(jī)”曾引起全球的矚目，其焦點(diǎn)問題就是朝鮮核電站采用輕水堆還是重水堆，重水堆核電站在發(fā)電的同時(shí)還可以生產(chǎn)出可供研制核武器的钚239（）．這種钚239（）可以由鈾經(jīng)過n次β衰變而產(chǎn)生，則     A．n=2      B．n=239     C．n=145     D．n=92 15．設(shè)有一分子位于如圖所示的坐標(biāo)系原點(diǎn)O處不動(dòng)，另一分子可位于x軸上不同位置處，圖中縱坐標(biāo)表示這兩個(gè)分子間作用力的大小，兩條曲線分別表示斥力和引力的大小隨兩分子間距離變化的關(guān)系，e為兩曲線的交點(diǎn)，則 A．ab表示斥力，cd表示引力，e點(diǎn)的橫坐標(biāo)可能為10－10m B．a(chǎn)b表示斥力，cd表示引力，e點(diǎn)的橫坐標(biāo)可能為10－15m C．ab表示引力，cd表示斥力，e點(diǎn)的橫坐標(biāo)可能為10－10m D．ab表示引力，cd表示斥力，e點(diǎn)的橫坐標(biāo)可能為10－15m   16．一列向x軸正方向傳播的簡諧橫波在t＝0時(shí)的波形如圖所示，A、B、C分別是x＝0、x＝1m和x＝2m處的三個(gè)質(zhì)點(diǎn)．已知該波周期為4s，則 A．對(duì)質(zhì)點(diǎn)A來說，在第1s內(nèi)一直向+y方向運(yùn)動(dòng) B．對(duì)質(zhì)點(diǎn)A來說，在第1s內(nèi)回復(fù)力對(duì)它做負(fù)功 C．對(duì)質(zhì)點(diǎn)B和C來說，在第1s內(nèi)它們的運(yùn)動(dòng)方向相同 D．對(duì)質(zhì)點(diǎn)B和C來說，在第1s內(nèi)回復(fù)力對(duì)它們做功不相同   17．A、B兩個(gè)點(diǎn)電荷在真空中所產(chǎn)生電場的電場線（方向未 標(biāo)出）如圖所示．圖中C點(diǎn)為兩點(diǎn)電荷連線的中點(diǎn)，MN 為兩點(diǎn)電荷連線的中垂線，D為中垂線上的一點(diǎn)，電場線 的分布關(guān)于MN左右對(duì)稱．則下列說法中不正確的是 A．這兩個(gè)點(diǎn)電荷一定是等量異種電荷 B．這兩個(gè)點(diǎn)電荷一定是等量同種電荷 C．C、D兩點(diǎn)的電勢一定相等 D．C點(diǎn)的電場強(qiáng)度比D點(diǎn)的電場強(qiáng)度大   18“不經(jīng)歷風(fēng)雨怎么見彩虹”，彩虹的產(chǎn)生原因是光的色散，如圖所示為太陽光射到空氣中的小水珠發(fā)生色散形成彩虹的光路示意圖，a、b為兩種折射出的單色光．以下說法正確的是 A．a光光子能量大于b光光子能量 B．在水珠中a光的傳播速度大于b光的傳播速度 C．用同一雙縫干涉裝置看到的a光干涉條紋間距比b光寬 D．如果b光能使某金屬發(fā)生光電效應(yīng)，則a光也一定能使該金屬發(fā)生光電效應(yīng)   19．在高緯度地區(qū)的高空，大氣稀薄，常出現(xiàn)五顏六色的弧狀、帶狀或幕狀的極其美麗壯觀的發(fā)光現(xiàn)象，這就是我們常說的“極光”．“極光”是由太陽發(fā)射的高速帶電粒子受地磁場的影響，進(jìn)入兩極附近時(shí)，撞擊并激發(fā)高空中的空氣分子和原子引起的．假如我們?cè)诒睒O地區(qū)忽然發(fā)現(xiàn)正上方的高空出現(xiàn)了射向地球的沿順時(shí)針方向生成的紫色弧狀極光(顯示帶電粒子的運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡)．則關(guān)于引起這一現(xiàn)象的高速粒子的電性及弧狀極光的彎曲程度的說法中，正確的是 A．高速粒子帶負(fù)電                      B．高速粒子帶正電 C．軌跡半徑逐漸減小                    D．軌跡半徑逐漸增大   20．如圖斜面ABC，AB段是光滑的，BC段有摩擦．某物體從A點(diǎn)由靜止開始下滑，當(dāng)滑至C點(diǎn)時(shí)恰好停止，則下列說法正確的是：      A．BC段的長度總大于AB段，但BC段的摩擦系數(shù)越大時(shí)，BC段的長度越接近AB段的長度 B．BC段的長度總大于AB段，但BC段的摩擦系數(shù)越小時(shí)，BC段的長度越接近AB段的長度 C．在θ角小到一定值時(shí)，只要BC段的摩擦系數(shù)適當(dāng)，AB段的長度可以大于BC段的長度 D．θ=30°時(shí)，選擇適當(dāng)?shù)哪Σ烈驍?shù),可使得AB的長度大于BC段的長度   21． 如圖所示水平光滑的平行金屬導(dǎo)軌,左端接有電阻R，勻強(qiáng)磁場B豎直向下分布在導(dǎo)軌所在空間內(nèi)，質(zhì)量一定的金屬棒PQ垂直于導(dǎo)軌放置．今使棒以一定的初速度v0向右運(yùn)動(dòng)，當(dāng)其通過位置a、b時(shí)，速率分別為va、vb，到位置c時(shí)棒剛好靜止．設(shè)導(dǎo)軌與棒的電阻均不計(jì)，a、b與b、c的間距相等，則金屬棒在由ab與bc的兩個(gè)過程中 A．棒運(yùn)動(dòng)的加速度相等 B．通過棒橫截面的電量不相等 C．回路中產(chǎn)生的電能Eab=3Ebc D．棒通過a、b兩位置時(shí)速率關(guān)系為va＞2 vb   22． (1)下圖是用游標(biāo)為50分度的卡尺測定某一長度時(shí)的示數(shù)，讀數(shù)為       mm   單位：cm                                   (2)、用下列器材，測定小燈泡的額定功率 A．待測小燈泡，額定電壓6V，額定功率約為3W B．電流表：量程0.6A、內(nèi)阻約為0.5Ω    C．電壓表：量程3V、內(nèi)阻約為5kΩ D．滑動(dòng)變阻器R:最大阻值20Ω、額定電流1A E．電源：電動(dòng)勢10V、內(nèi)阻很小      F．定值電阻：R0=10kΩ G．開關(guān)一個(gè),導(dǎo)線若干 （1）畫出實(shí)驗(yàn)電路圖 （2）實(shí)驗(yàn)中，電壓表的示數(shù)應(yīng)調(diào)為多少？若此時(shí)電流表示數(shù)為 I （A），則小燈泡的額定功率為多大？     23．（16分）計(jì)劃發(fā)射一顆距離地面高度為地球半徑R0的圓形軌道地球衛(wèi)星,衛(wèi)星軌道平面與赤道片面重合，已知地球表面重力加速度為g, （1）求出衛(wèi)星繞地心運(yùn)動(dòng)周期T. （2）設(shè)地球自轉(zhuǎn)周期T0,該衛(wèi)星繞地旋轉(zhuǎn)方向與地球自轉(zhuǎn)方向相同，則在赤道上一點(diǎn)的人能連續(xù)看到該衛(wèi)星的時(shí)間是多少？                     24．（19分）如圖所示，有兩根足夠長的光滑金屬導(dǎo)軌PQ和MN，固定在水平面上，相距為L，在兩導(dǎo)軌之間分布著豎直向上的勻強(qiáng)磁場，磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度大小為B。將兩根長均為L，電阻均為R的金屬棒ab和cd放置在導(dǎo)軌上，ab的質(zhì)量為m，cd的質(zhì)量為2m。現(xiàn)用水平恒力F作用在金屬棒ab上，使金屬棒由靜止開始沿導(dǎo)軌向左運(yùn)動(dòng)，經(jīng)過一段時(shí)間后，金屬棒ab和cd具有相同的加速度，且此時(shí)金屬棒ab的速度是cd速度的2倍。若導(dǎo)軌的電阻不計(jì)，求： ⑴金屬棒ab和cd所具有的相同加速度的大��； ⑵當(dāng)金屬棒ab、cd具有相同加速度時(shí)的ab棒的速度大��；               25．（20分）物塊A與豎直輕彈簧相連，放在水平地面上，一個(gè)物塊B由距彈簧上端O點(diǎn)H高處自由落下，落到彈簧上端后將彈簧壓縮．為了研究物塊B下落的速度隨時(shí)間變化的規(guī)律和物塊A對(duì)地面的壓力隨時(shí)間變化的規(guī)律，某位同學(xué)在物塊A的正下方放置一個(gè)壓力傳感器，測量物塊A對(duì)地面的壓力，在物塊B的正上方放置一個(gè)速度傳感器，測量物塊B下落的速度．在實(shí)驗(yàn)中測得：物塊A對(duì)地面的最小壓力為P1，當(dāng)物塊B有最大速度時(shí)，物塊A對(duì)地面的壓力為P2．已知彈簧的勁度系數(shù)為k，物塊B的最大速度為v，重力加速度為g，不計(jì)彈簧的質(zhì)量． （1）物塊A的質(zhì)量． （2）物塊B在壓縮彈簧開始直到B達(dá)到最大速度的過程中，它對(duì)彈簧做的功． （3）若用T表示物塊B的速度由v減到零所用的時(shí)間，用P3表示物塊A對(duì)地面的最大壓力，試推測：物塊的速度由v減到零的過程中，物塊A對(duì)地面的壓力P隨時(shí)間t變化的規(guī)律可能是下列函數(shù)中的（要求說明推測的依據(jù)）                         試題詳情 重慶八中高2009級(jí)高三下第一次月考 數(shù)學(xué)試題（文科） 試題詳情 理科綜合訓(xùn)練（十六）（物理部分） 14．2005年2月16日《京都議定書》正式生效，這是人類歷史上首次依法規(guī)定限制溫室氣體排放，地球的大氣層中，基本不變的成分為氧氣、氮?dú)�、氫氣等，占大氣總量�?9.96%，可變氣體成分主要有二氧化碳(CO2)、水蒸氣和臭氧等，這些氣體的含量很少，但對(duì)大氣物理狀況影響卻很大，據(jù)研究：人類燃燒礦物燃料放出大量CO2，使大氣中的CO2濃度不斷增大，是導(dǎo)致“溫室效應(yīng)”的主要原因，即：使大氣的平均溫度上升，從而導(dǎo)致一系列生態(tài)環(huán)境問題，由此可判斷：CO2比大氣中的氧氣、氮?dú)�、氫氣等基本不變的氣體成分 A．對(duì)可見光的吸收作用強(qiáng)         B．對(duì)無線電波的吸收作用強(qiáng) C．對(duì)紫外線的吸收作用強(qiáng)         D．對(duì)紅外線的吸收作用強(qiáng) 15．如圖是氧氣分子在不同溫度（0℃和100℃）下的速率分布，由圖可得信息 A．同一溫度下，氧氣分子呈現(xiàn)出“中間多、兩頭少”的分布規(guī)律 B．隨著溫度的升高，每一個(gè)氧氣分子的速率都增大 C．隨著溫度的升高，氧氣分子中速率小的分子所占的比例高 D．隨著溫度的升高，氧氣分子的平均速率變小 16．如右圖為一列簡諧橫波某一時(shí)刻的波形圖，其中a、b兩質(zhì)點(diǎn)的位移大小相等，則以下判斷正確的是 A．再經(jīng)過一個(gè)周期，a、b位移大小仍相等 B．再經(jīng)過半個(gè)周期，a、b位移大小仍相等 C．再經(jīng)過半個(gè)周期，a、b速度相等 D．某一時(shí)刻a、b有可能同時(shí)經(jīng)過平衡位置 17．2004年我國和歐盟合作的建國以來最大的國際科技合作計(jì)劃“伽利略計(jì)劃”將進(jìn)入全面實(shí)施階段，這標(biāo)志著歐洲和我國都將擁有自己的衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航定位系統(tǒng)，并將結(jié)束美國全球定位系統(tǒng)（GPS）在世界獨(dú)占鰲頭的局面。據(jù)悉“伽利略”衛(wèi)星定位系統(tǒng)將由30顆軌道衛(wèi)星組成，衛(wèi)星的軌道高度為2.4×204km，傾角為56°，分布在3個(gè)軌道上，每個(gè)軌道面部署9顆工作衛(wèi)星和1顆在軌備份衛(wèi)星。當(dāng)某顆衛(wèi)星出現(xiàn)故障時(shí)可及時(shí)頂替工作。若某顆替補(bǔ)衛(wèi)星處在略低于工作衛(wèi)星的軌道上，則這顆衛(wèi)星的周期和速度與工作衛(wèi)星相比較，以下說法中正確的是 A．替補(bǔ)衛(wèi)星的周期大于工作衛(wèi)星的周期，速度大于工作衛(wèi)星的速度 B．替補(bǔ)衛(wèi)星的周期小于工作衛(wèi)星的周期，速度小于工作衛(wèi)星的速度 C．替補(bǔ)衛(wèi)星的周期大于工作衛(wèi)星的周期，速度小于工作衛(wèi)星的速度 D．替補(bǔ)衛(wèi)星的周期小于工作衛(wèi)星的周期，速度大于工作衛(wèi)星的速度 18．為了科學(xué)研究的需要，常常將質(zhì)子()和α粒子()等帶電粒子貯存在圓環(huán)狀空腔中，圓環(huán)狀空腔置于一個(gè)與圓環(huán)平面垂直的勻強(qiáng)磁場(偏轉(zhuǎn)磁場)中，磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度為B。如果質(zhì)子和α粒子在空腔中做圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)的軌跡相同(如圖中虛線所示)，偏轉(zhuǎn)磁場也相同。比較質(zhì)子和α粒子在圓環(huán)狀空腔中運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)能EH和Eα，運(yùn)動(dòng)的周期TH和Tα的大小，有 A．EH=Eα，TH≠Tα             B．EH=Eα，TH=Tα C．EH≠Eα，TH≠Tα                D．EH≠Eα，TH=Tα   19．如圖所示，真空中一半徑為R、質(zhì)量分布均勻的玻璃球，頻率為v的細(xì)激光束在真空中沿直線BC傳播，于玻璃球表面的C點(diǎn)經(jīng)折射進(jìn)入小球，并在玻璃球表面的D點(diǎn)又經(jīng)折射進(jìn)入真空中，已知∠COD＝120°，玻璃球?qū)υ摷す獾恼凵渎蕿?sub>，則下列說法中正確的是 A．激光束在C點(diǎn)的入射角α＝60° B．此激光束在玻璃中穿越的時(shí)間為t＝(其中c為光在真空中的傳播速度) C．一個(gè)光子在穿過玻璃球的過程中能量逐漸變小 D．改變?nèi)肷浣铅恋拇笮�，�?xì)激光束可能在球表面C處發(fā)生全反射 20．如圖所示，小球B剛好放在真空容器A內(nèi)，將它們以初速度v0豎直向上拋出，下列說法中正確的是 A．若不計(jì)空氣阻力，上升過程中，B對(duì)A的壓力向上 B．若考慮空氣阻力，上升過程中，B對(duì)A的壓力向上 C．若考慮空氣阻力，上升過程中，B對(duì)A的壓力向下 D．若不計(jì)空氣阻力，上升過程中，B對(duì)A的壓力向下 21．如圖所示，絕緣光滑的半圓軌道位于豎直平面，豎直向下的勻強(qiáng)電場E穿過其中，在軌道的上緣有一個(gè)質(zhì)量為m，帶電量為+q的小球，由靜止開始由半圓形軌道的頂點(diǎn)沿軌道運(yùn)動(dòng)，下列說法正確的是 A．小球運(yùn)動(dòng)過程中機(jī)械能守恒 B．小球在軌道最低點(diǎn)時(shí)速度最大 C．小球在最低點(diǎn)對(duì)軌道的壓力為mg+qE D．小球在最低點(diǎn)對(duì)軌道的壓力為3(mg+qE) 22．(1)有一根粗細(xì)均勻的金屬電阻線，用螺旋測微器測直徑時(shí)，示數(shù)如圖所示，讀數(shù)為______________mm。 (2)從下列器材中選出適當(dāng)?shù)钠鞑模�設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)測量電路來測量電流表A1的內(nèi)阻r1，要求方法簡捷，有盡可能高的測量精度，并能測得多組數(shù)據(jù)。待測電流表A1(量程10mA，內(nèi)阻r1約為40Ω)，電流表A2(量程500μA，內(nèi)阻r2為750Ω)，電壓表V(量程10V，內(nèi)阻r3約為10kΩ)，電阻R1(阻值約為100Ω，起保護(hù)電阻的作用)，滑動(dòng)變阻器R2(總阻值約為50Ω)，電源E(電動(dòng)勢為1.5V，內(nèi)阻很小)，此外還有開關(guān)S和導(dǎo)線若干。 ①畫出電路圖，標(biāo)明所用器材代號(hào)。             ②若選測量數(shù)據(jù)中的一組來計(jì)算電流表A1的內(nèi)阻，則所用的表達(dá)式為r1=___________，式中各符號(hào)的意義是______________________________________。 23．宇航員在某一星球上以速度v0豎直向上拋出一小球，經(jīng)過時(shí)間t，小球又落回到原拋出點(diǎn)，然后他用一根長為l的細(xì)繩把一個(gè)質(zhì)量為m的小球懸掛在O點(diǎn)，使小球處于靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)，如圖所示，現(xiàn)在最低點(diǎn)給小球一個(gè)水平向右的沖量I，使小球能在豎直平面內(nèi)沿圓周經(jīng)過懸點(diǎn)正上方，則沖量I滿足什么條件？     24．2003年諾貝爾物理獎(jiǎng)授予俄羅斯的阿布里科索夫、金茲布爾格和英國人（后加入美國國籍）利蓋特三位科學(xué)家，以表彰他們?cè)诔瑢?dǎo)電體和超流體方面做出了開創(chuàng)性的貢獻(xiàn)。磁懸浮列車的運(yùn)行原理可簡化為如圖所示的模型，在水平面上，兩根平行直導(dǎo)軌間有豎直方向且等距離分布的勻強(qiáng)磁場B1和B2，導(dǎo)軌上有金屬框abcd，金屬框?qū)挾萢b與磁場B1、B2寬度相同。當(dāng)勻強(qiáng)磁場B1和B2同時(shí)以速度v0沿直導(dǎo)軌向右做勻速運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)，金屬框也會(huì)沿直導(dǎo)軌運(yùn)動(dòng)，設(shè)直導(dǎo)軌間距為L，B1=B2=B，金屬框的電阻為R，金屬框運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)受到的阻力恒為F，則金屬框運(yùn)動(dòng)的最大速度為多少？         25．質(zhì)量mA=3.0kg、長度L=0.60m、電量q=+4.0×10－5C的導(dǎo)體板A在絕緣水平面上，質(zhì)量mB＝1.0kg可視為質(zhì)點(diǎn)的絕緣物塊B在導(dǎo)體板A上的左端，開始時(shí)A、B保持相對(duì)靜止一起向右滑動(dòng)，當(dāng)它們的速度減小到v0=3.0m/s時(shí)，立即施加一個(gè)方向水平向左、場強(qiáng)大小E＝1.0×105N/C的勻強(qiáng)電場，此時(shí)A的右端到豎直絕緣擋板的距離為S，此后A、B始終處在勻強(qiáng)電場中，如圖所示。假定A與擋板碰撞時(shí)間極短且無機(jī)械能損失，A與B之間(動(dòng)摩擦因數(shù)μ1＝0.25)及A與地面之間(動(dòng)摩擦因數(shù)μ2=0.10)的最大靜摩擦力可認(rèn)為等于其滑動(dòng)摩擦力，g取10m/s2。試求要使B不從A上滑下，S應(yīng)滿足的條件。                     試題詳情 同步練習(xí)冊(cè)答案 全品作業(yè)本答案 同步測控優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)答案 長江作業(yè)本同步練習(xí)冊(cè)答案 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