2009年高考閱讀理解分析指導(dǎo)（四）
考點四 作者觀點、意圖、態(tài)度判斷題
大綱還明確要求考生閱讀時要善于揣測、體會“作者的態(tài)度、觀點、意圖等”。作者的態(tài)度、觀點、意圖會滲透在文章的字里行間，有時可能比較明顯，有時則可能比較含蓄、隱晦，需要仔細(xì)揣摩才能得出。一般說來，考查文章某處細(xì)節(jié)的寫作意圖的提問方式常見的有：
1. The writer uses the example of … to show that _____.
2. The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _____.
3. …are mentioned in the first paragraph to _____.
4. We may infer that the author believes people should _____.
現(xiàn)以2008年全國卷II C篇為例，分析如下：
Do you know of anyone who uses the truth to deceive (欺騙)? When someone tells you something that is true, but leaves out important information that should be included, he can give you a false picture.
For example, some might say, “I just won a hundred dollars on the lottery (彩票). It was great. I took that dollar ticket back to the store and turned it in for one hundred dollars!”
This guy’s a winner, right? Maybe, maybe not. We then discover that he bought $200 worth of tickets, and only one was a winner. He’s really a big loser!
He didn’t say anything that was false, but he left out important information on purpose. That’s called a half-truth. Half-truths are not technically lies, but they are just as dishonest.
Some politicians often use this trick. Let’s say that during Governor Smith’s last term, her state lost one million jobs and gained three million jobs. Then she seeks another term. One of her opponents (對手) says, “During Governor Smith’s term, the state lost one million jobs!” That’s true. However, an honest statement would have been, “During Governor Smith’s term, the state had a net gain of two million jobs.”
Advertisers (廣告商) will sometimes use halftruths. It’s against the law to make false statements so they try to mislead you with the truth. An advertisement might say, “Nine out of ten doctors advised their patients to take Yucky Pills to cure toothache.” It fails to mention that they only asked ten doctors and nine of them work for the Yucky Company.
This kind of deception happens too often. It’s a sad fact of life: Lies are lies, and sometimes the truth can lie as well.
50. We may infer that the author believes people should _____.
A. buy lottery tickets B. make use of half-truths
C. not take anything at face value D. not trust the Yucky Company
本題考查考生對作者觀點的把握能力。根據(jù)最后一段“This kind of deception happens too often. … Lies are lies, and sometimes the truth can lie as well．”可知，作者的目的在于提醒讀者“擦亮眼睛，不要相信表面的東西(not take anything at face value)”，故選C。解答此類試題的要點：
1. 必須是作者在文章字里行間表露出來的態(tài)度、觀點、意圖等，而不是你自己的看法、猜測等；
2. 應(yīng)挖掘文章的深層含義，抓住材料實質(zhì)的東西，而不僅僅是字面意思。考查整篇文章的寫作目的提問方式常見的有：
1. What is the purpose of writing this article?
2. The writer writes this passage mainly to _____.
3. The writer’s purpose of writing this text is to _____.
一般說來，故事類文章的寫作目的是娛樂讀者(to entertain readers)。如（2000全國卷 B篇）：
59. The writer’s purpose in writing this story is _____.
A. to tell an interesting experience
B. to show the easiest way out of a difficulty
C. to describe the trouble facing a newly married woman
D. to explain the difficulty of learning to cook from books
從原文中“… As I was not experienced in cooking, I thought if a dozen was good, two dozen would be better, so I doubled everything … I had been defeated, I put the dough in the rubbish bin outside so I wouldn’t have to face Doug laughing at my work, … I don’t know who was more embarrassed (尷尬) by the whole thing ―Doug or me. ”可看出文章敘述了一位新婚主婦按照烹調(diào)書上的方法發(fā)面失敗的尷尬經(jīng)歷。全文運用了諷刺、幽默的筆調(diào)，最后一句帶有俏皮意味，說明主人公心情并不沉重，而是感到有點好笑，所以正確答案為A。廣告類文章或議論文通常是說服讀者接受某種產(chǎn)品或觀點(to persuade readers)。如：
2004年廣東卷閱讀理解E篇介紹了四種雜志的內(nèi)容和價格，其目的是“to get more readers to subscribe”。又如2002年全國卷閱讀理解E篇則介紹了一種被稱為“籃子里的聚會”的家庭服務(wù)計劃，文章內(nèi)容包括服務(wù)的創(chuàng)意、內(nèi)容以及價格和聯(lián)系方式，由此我們可以推斷出作者的寫作目的是“to sell a service”。
科普類、新聞報道類、社會文化類文章的寫作目的是告知讀者某些信息 (to inform readers)。如2008年江蘇卷A篇談如何安排利用時間，作者在最后一段明確指出“ ... the aim is to permit us to make informed choices as to how we use our time.”由此推斷寫作意圖：The author intends to tell us that time should be well managed for our own interest.。
考查作者觀點態(tài)度的提問方式常見的有：
1. The author’s attitude towards … is _____.
2. The tone of this passage can be described as _____.
如（2008江西卷 C篇）：
67. What is the author’s attitude towards Nigel’s actions?
A. He is mildly critical. B. He is strongly critical.
C. He is in favor of them. D. His attitude is not clear.
作者在文中只是客觀地記敘了Nigel參加全國機(jī)器人大賽的經(jīng)歷，對Nigel的行為表現(xiàn)并沒有明顯的態(tài)度傾向。故正確答案為D。
莆田一中2008―2009學(xué)年度上學(xué)期第一學(xué)段考試試卷
高一 語文必修①
命題人：高一備課組 審核人：黃喜彬
說明：本試卷滿分為100分，考試時間為150分鐘。第1-20題的答案寫在答題卷，第21題作文寫在方格紙。在試卷上作答一律無效。祝你成功！
莆田一中2008～2009學(xué)年度上學(xué)期第一學(xué)段考試試卷
高一 化學(xué)（必修1）
命題人：俞志敏
(總分：100分 考試時間：100分鐘)
本卷可能用到的相對原子質(zhì)量：C：12 H：1 N:14 O：16 K：39 Mn：55 Cl：35.5 Na:23 Al:27 Cu:64 S:32 Ba:137
2009年高考閱讀理解分析指導(dǎo)（三）
考點三 猜測詞義題
猜測詞義是重要的英語閱讀技能之一，也是歷年來高考閱讀理解題�？嫉募寄�，旨在考查考生對某些關(guān)鍵詞語在特定語境中的含義的理解能力。因此，在平時閱讀時，遇到生詞不要急于查詞典，可運用適當(dāng)?shù)牟略~方法來猜測詞義。一旦掌握了這些有效方法，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)在考試中做詞義猜測題易如反掌。
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