鎮(zhèn)海中學(xué)

 2008 學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期中考試高三年級(jí)

英語(yǔ)試卷

第一部分  聽(tīng)力 (共兩節(jié)。滿(mǎn)分30分)

第一節(jié)（共5 小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分7.5分）

     聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)。每段對(duì)話(huà)后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話(huà)后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話(huà)僅讀一遍。

1. Where does the conversation most probably take place?

A. In an office.                  B. In a library.            C. In a bookstore.

2. Where did the speakers plan to go?

A. A shopping center.         B. An opera house.     C. The parking lot.

3. Which aspect of the film does the woman like?

A. The plot.                        B. The music.             C. The dialogue.

4. What do we know about the woman’s jacket?

A. It is sold at a lower price.           

B. Its color is her favorite.       

C. It is her sister’s size.

5. What does the woman imply?

A. The man is so forgetful.             

B. The man is too careless.       

C. The man is over confident.

第二節(jié)（共15 小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分22.5分）

     聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白前后，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。

聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。

6. What makes the man so tired?

A.    Playing games.       

B.     Surfing the Internet.            

C.     Searching for interesting people.

7. Whom did the man chat with?

A.    People from Canada.           

B.     People in need of his help.          

C. People on the same project.

聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8、9題。

8. What does the law forbid people to do?

A.    To take dogs to parks.          

B.     To walk dogs in the streets.        

C. To treat dogs cruelly.

9. What do we know from what the woman said?

A. Dogs should be kept at home.            

B. Building a dog park is necessary.        

C. People would remove the dog waste.

聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第10至12題。

10. According to the man, what did he do before he watched TV?

A.    He washed his hands.          

B.     He had his supper.         

C. He took a path.

11. What place had the man been to the night before?

A. James Street.            B. A restaurant.          C. A friend’s home.

12. What does the man try to do in the conversation?

A. To prove the truth.   B. To find the truth.   C. To hide the truth.

聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第13至16題。

13. Why did the son come back late?

A. He hurt his hands and knees.       

B. He went to a pub with Linda.             

C. He waited a long time for the bus.

14. What was the old lady doing in the middle of the road?

A.    Looking for something.       

B.     Struggling to sand up.          

C. Trying to seek help.

15. What happened to Linda?

A. She was fired.                 B. She got injured.     C. She had an accident.

16. Where was the witness?

A. Outside the pub.             B. At a bus stop.        C. In his car.

聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。

17. What’s the problem of some of the university students?

A. They don’t spend all their time on studies.       

B. They don’t know what to do with their free time.         

C.     They don’t have choices for outside class activities.

18. How is the students’ high school life?

A.    Controlled and busy.            

B.     Regular and colorful.           

C. Active and independent.

19. According to the speaker, what is the role of outside class activities at university?

A. To make students healthier.   

B. To improve students’ test scores. 

C. To enrich students’ experience.

20. What does the speaker advise his students to do?

A. Learn to enjoy themselves.          

B. Learn to be their own masters.            

C. Learn to develop their potential.

第二部分 英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分35分）

第一節(jié)   單項(xiàng)填空 (共15小題；每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分15分)

21. _______ person like him won’t be satisfied with _______ little progress that he has made.

A. The; a                       B. The; /                     C. A; /                         D. A; the

22.        out of the difficult situation, the restaurant is now making efforts to improve the quality of service.

A. To get                    B. Got                        C. Having got            D. Getting

23. ―Hadn’t your sheep gone much farther ______ you caught up with them?

       ―No, and we found ______ only two of them that were frozen to death.

A. when; it were      B. until; it were        C. before; it was   D. as; there was

24. ______ of the land in that district _______ covered with trees and grass.

   A. Two fifth, is           B. Two fifth, are     C. Two fifths, is  D. Two fifths, are

25. His idea of having weekly family meals together, which seemed quite difficult at first, has _______ many good changes in their lives.

   A. resulted from         B. brought about      C. took place             D. got through

26. It is in that poor village, _______ Mary lived and worked 15 years ago, _______ she will build her first school, which inspires everyone to help her.

A. where; when           B. that; that            C. that; when             D. where; that

27. The most exciting thing for him was_____ he finally found two tinned fruits in_____ seemed to him to be a servant's bedroom.

A. that; what 　　    B. what; what 　　  C. that; that 　　      D. what; that

28.  -------______ Henry have left already?

 -------He ______, for he always has good manners.

      A．Must; needn’t have left                  B．Might; couldn’t have left

C．May; mustn’t have left               D．Could; can’t have left

29. I feel sure that _______ qualification, ability and experience, you are abundantly suited to the position we have in mind.

A. regardless of           B. in spite of                     C. in terms of      D. by means of

30. ― I saw no more than one motor car in that shop. Will you go and buy _______?

― No, I’d rather find _______ in other shops.

A. one; one            B. it; one              C. one; it        D. it; it

31. The telephone____ four times in the last twenty minutes，and each time it___for my roommate.

A. rang；has been                          B. has been ringing；is

C. had rung；was                            D. has rung；was

32.  ------I didn’t invite him to the party but he came anyway and got completely drunk.

    -------_______ he hadn’t come! The party could have been a success.

A. How come              B. If only                 C. What if                D. Only if

33. ------ John, I can' t play tennis at all. I wonder if you could teach me.

-----______. Just name the day.

A. I'm glad        B. Go ahead         C. If you like it   D. With pleasure

34. ----- Are you satisfied with your interview yesterday?

   ----Oh, not a little．I can’t feel _____.There ____ be a bright future ahead of me.

A. any better; should                                  B. any worse; could 

C. any well; shall                                         D. any badly; can

35. With two more professional hands _____ you with the work later on, scarcely will you have trouble _______ your task ahead of time.

      A. helping…completing                              B. help…to complete     

C. will help…completed                              D. to help…completing

第二節(jié) 完型填空 （共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分30分）

When I entered Berkeley, I hoped to earn a scholarship. Having been a Straight-A student, I believed I could   36   tough subjects and really learn something. One such course was World Literature given by Professor Jayne. I was extremely interested in the ideas he   37   in class.

When I took the first exam, I was  38   to find a 77, C-plus, on my test paper,  39   English was my best subject. I went to Professor Jayne, who listened to my arguments but remained _ 40  .

I decided to try harder, although I didn’t know what that   41   because school had always been easy for me. I read the books more carefully, but got another 77. Again, I   42   with Professor Jayne. Again, he listened patiently but wouldn’t change his   43   .

One more test before the final exam. One more    44    to improve my grade. So I redoubled my efforts and, for the first time,    45    the meaning of the word “thorough”. But my   46   did no good and everything   47   as before.

The last hurdle (障礙) was the final. No matter what   48    I got, it wouldn’t cancel three C-pluses. I might as well kiss the   49    goodbye.

I stopped working hard. I felt I knew the course material as well as I ever would. The night before the final, I even   50   myself to a movie. The next day I decided for once I’d have   51   with a test.

A week later, I was surprised to find I got an A. I hurried into Professor Jayne’s office. He  52 to be expecting me. “If I gave you the As you 53  , you wouldn’t continue to work as hard.”

I stared at him,   54   that his analysis and strategy were correct. I had worked my head off, as I had never done before.

I was speechless when my course grade arrived: A-plus. It was the only A-plus given. The next year I received my scholarship. I’ve always remembered Professor Jayne’s lesson: you alone must set your own __55__of excellence.

36. A. take                 B. discuss             C. cover             D. get

37. A. sought               B. presented                  C. exchanged        D. obtained

38. A. shocked             B. worried            C. scared            D. anxious

39. A. but                 B. so                 C. for               D. or

40. A. unhappy               B. unpleasant                 C. unfriendly         D. unmoved

41. A. reflected                   B. meant              C. improved          D. affected

42. A. quarreled            B. reasoned           C. bargained          D. chatted

43. A. attitude                    B. mind              C. plan               D. view

44. A. choice              B. step               C. chance            D. measure

45. A. memorized           B. considered                 C. accepted          D. learned

46. A. ambition                   B. confidence          C. effort            D. method

47. A. stayed                     B. went              C. worked           D. changed

48. A. grade             B. answer                    C. lesson             D. comment

49. A. scholarship         B. course              C. degree             D. subject

50 A. helped             B. favored             C. treated            D. relaxed

51. A. fun              B. luck                 C. problems          D. tricks.

52. A. happened         B. proved              C. pretended         D. seemed

53. A. valued            B. imagined            C. expected           D. welcomed

54. A. remembering       B. guessing             C. supposing          D. realizing

55.A. standard         B. point               C. way           D. reason

第三部分 閱讀理解（共20小題，每小題2分，滿(mǎn)分40分）

                                 A

Problem Page

Dear Lifeline,

I shall be getting married in August．My mother wants me to have a white wedding in church, because I am the only daughter, and she wants me to have the kind of wedding that she had．I , on the other hand, would like to have a simple wedding and a small party afterwards for my immediate family and close friends．I don’t want my parents to go to a lot of expense just for one day; I’d rather they spent the money on things that my husband and I will need, that will last us for many years．

Do you agree with me that this is a reasonable point of view? Can you think of a way in which I might persuade my parents to think as I do ?

Yours,

Money-Conscious

Dear Money-Conscious,

We agree that your point of view is reasonable; but reason isn’t everything. Your parents clearly do not mind ‘going to a lot of expense’, as you put it. They would mind more if you prevented them from doing so. There is, in fact, no reason why a white wedding in church should cost a lot of money. Such a wedding can be very simple, yet it can give you the sort of happy memories that your mother has of her own wedding day．

We suggest you meet your mother halfway. Have a simple church wedding and a simple party afterwards. If it means so much to your mother, perhaps you owe it to her to do as she wishes. We are sure that you will not regret it．

Dear lifeline,

I have known my girlfriend for six years. The other day, I asked her to marry me, certain that I knew what the answer would be. But she said she wanted to think about it．

I shall be going on holiday soon, and I hoped she would come with me; but now she says she’d rather go on holiday with a friend of hers. Am I losing her?

Yours,

Deeply Worried

Dear Deeply Worried,

Perhaps you were too certain of your girlfriend. Six years is a long time. Perhaps you have been in each other’s packets for too long. Give yourselves a holiday from each other, and then ask her again on your return. We think you will find that she will give you the answer that you want．

56. It is the purpose of the Problem Page to _____.

A．write letters to lonely, troubled people

B．try to find answers to readers’ problems

C．a(chǎn)sk readers to give their answers to problems

D．send questions to readers for their answers

57. “Money-Conscious” would like her parents to _____.

A． go to a lot of expense not to buy what she will need

B． give her and her husband the money instead of a church wedding

C． give her money over a period of years

D． spend the money on useful presents rather than on the wedding

58. “Lifeline” suggests a simple church wedding because ______.

A．this is the least expensive kind of wedding

B．you cannot be reasonable about something like a wedding

C．it can be inexpensive yet provide a lifetime’s memories

D．it is the simplest, yet happiest sort of wedding

59. “Deeply Worried” was worried that ______.

A． he might lose his girl-friend while they were on holiday together

B． his girlfriend was losing interest in him

C． he had known his girl-friend for too long

D． he would have to go away on holiday by himself

                                B

Which is safer --- staying at home, traveling to work on public transport, or working at the office? Surprisingly, each of these carries the same risk, which is very low. However, what about flying compared to working in the chemical industry? Unfortunately, the former is 65 times riskier than the latter! In fact the accident rate of workers in the chemical industry is less than that of almost any of human activity, and almost as safe as staying at home.

The trouble with the chemical industry is that when things go wrong they often cause death to those living nearby. It is this that chemical accidents so newsworthy. Fortunately, they are extremely rare. The most famous ones happened at Texas City (1947), Flixborough (1974), Seveso (1976), Pemex (1984) and Bhopal (1984).

Some of these are always in the minds of the people even though the loss of life was small. No one died at Seveso, and only 28 workers at Flixborough. The worst accident of all was Bhopal, where up to 3,000 were killed. The Texas City explosion of fertilizer killed 552. The Pemex fire at a storage plant for natural gas in the suburbs of Mexico City took 542 lives, just a month before the unfortunate event at Bhopal.

Some experts have discussed these accidents and used each accident to illustrate a particular danger. Thus the Texas City was caused by tons of ammonium nitrate, which is safe unless stored in a great quantity. The Flixborough fireball was the fault of management, which took risks to keep production going during essential repairs. The Seveso accident shows what happens if the local authorities lack knowledge of the danger on their doorstep. When the poisonous gas drifted over the town, local leaders were incapable of taking effective action. The Pemex fire was made worse by an overloaded site in an overcrowded suburb. The fire set off a chain reaction of exploding storage tanks. Yet, by a miracle, the two largest tanks did not explode. Had these caught fire, then 3,000 strong rescue team and fire fighters would all have died.

60. According to the passage, the chemical accident that caused by the fault of management happened at _________.

  A. Texas city         B. Flixborough          C. Seveso           D. Mexico City

61. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. Working at the office is safer than staying at home.

B. Travelling to work on public transport is safer than working at the office.

C. Staying at home is safer than working in the chemical industry.

D. Working in the chemical industry is safer than traveling by air.

62. From the passage we know that ammonium nitrate is a kind of _____.

A. natural gas, which can easily catch fire

B. fertilizer, which can't be stored in a great quantity

C. poisonous substance, which can't be used in overcrowded areas

D. fuel, which is stored in large tanks

63. From the discussion among some experts we may conclude that _____.

A. to avoid any accident we should not repair the facilities in chemical industry

B. the local authorities should not be concerned with the production of the

chemical industry

C. all these accidents could have been avoided or controlled if effective measures

had been taken

D. natural gas stored in very large tanks is always safe

C

Although man has known about asbestos(石棉) for many hundreds of years, it was not until 160 years ago that it was mined for the first time on the North American continent. H. W. Johns, owner of a New York City Supply Shop for roofers, was responsible for the opening of that first mine.

Mr, Jonhs was given a piece of asbestos which had been found in Italy. He experimented with the material and then showed its surprising powers to his customers. After putting on a pair of asbestos gloves, which looked much like

ordinary work gloves, he took red-hot coals from the fireplace and played with them in his hands. How astonished the customers were to discover that he was not burned at all. You can well imagine that he had increasing business in asbestos roofing materials. However, because it was very expensive to transport(carry)them from Italy to the United States, Mr Johns sent out a young scientist to seek a source nearer home. This young man found great vein(巖脈), in the province of Quebec in Canada.

Ever since 1881 Quebec has led the world in the production of this unusual mineral, which is made up of magnesium, silicon, iron, and oxygen. When it is mined, the asbestos is heavy, just as you would expect a mineral to be. When it is separated, a strange thing happens ;the rock breaks down into fine, soft, soapy fibers.

Scientists do not know why the rock can be separated easily into threads, but they have found thousands of uses for this fireproof material, of the called the “cloth of stone”.

64. The title that best expresses the main idea of this passage is _____.

A. Asbestos mined in Canada                 B. Fireproof matter

C. A “Wonder” mineral                     D. A new roofing material

65. Johns proved his ability as a salesman by ______.

A. going into the roofing business            B. carrying asbestos from Italy

C. sending a trained scientist                    D. showing the use of asbestos gloves

66. Which is the most important character of asbestos that the author wants to show

us?

A. It is like thread                                           B. It feels soapy

C. It burns easily                                      D. It is unusually heavy

67. The author’s main purpose in writing this passage was to______.

A. show the need for more scientists        B. compare asbestos with other minerals

C. increase the sales of asbestos               D. present facts about asbestos

                            D

Nuclear power's danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be described in one word; radiation.  Nuclear radiation has a certain mystery about it, partly because it cannot be detected by human senses. It can't be seen or heard, or touched or tasted, even though it may be all around us. There are other things like that. For example, radio waves are all around us but we can't detect them, sense them, without a radio receiver. Similarly, we can't sense radioactivity without a radiation detector. But unlike common radio waves, nuclear radiation is not harmless to human beings and other living things.

At very high levels, radiation can kill an animal or human being outright by killing masses of cells in important organs. But even the lowest levels can do serious damage. There is no level of radiation that is completely safe. If the radiation does not hit anything important, the damage may not be significant. This is the case when

only a few cells are hit, and if they are killed outright. Your body will replace the dead cells with healthy ones. But if the few cells are only damaged, and if they reproduce themselves, you may be in trouble. They reproduce themselves in an unusual way. They can grow into cancer. Sometimes this does not show up for many years.

This is another reason for some of the mystery about nuclear radiation. Serious damage can be done without the knowledge of the person at the time that damage has occurred. A person can be irradiated(放射治療) and feel fine, then die of cancer five, ten, or twenty years later as a result. Or a child can be born weak or easy to get serious illness as a result of radiation absorbed by its grandparents.

Radiation can hurt us. We must know the truth.

68. According to the passage, the danger of nuclear power lies in __________.

A. nuclear mystery                                          B. radiation detection

C. radiation level                                             D. nuclear radiation

69. Radiation can lead to serious results even at the lowest level ________.

A.    when it kills few cells                              

B.     if it damages few cells

C. though the damaged cells can repair themselves

D. unless the damaged cells can reproduce themselves

70. Radiation can hurt us in the way that it can _____.

A. kill large numbers of cells in main organs so as to cause death immediately

B. damage cells which may grow into cancer years later

C. affect the healthy growth of our younger generation

D. lead to all of the above results

71. Which of the following can be best inferred from the passage?

A. The importance of protection from radiation cannot be overemphasized

B. The mystery about radiation remains unsolved.

C. Cancer is mainly caused by radiation.

D. Radiation can hurt those who do not know about its danger.

E

One of our biggest fears nowadays is that our kids might some day get lost in a “sea of technology” rather than experiencing the natural world．Fear-producing TV and computer games are leading to a serious disconnect between kids and the great outdoors, which will change the wild places of the world, its creatures and human health for the worse, unless adults get working on child’s play.

Each of us has a place in nature we go sometimes, even if it was torn down. We cannot be the last generation to have that place. At this rate, kids who miss the sense of wonder outdoors will not grow up to be protectors of natural landscapes.“If the decline in parks use continues across North America, who will defend parks against encroachment（蠶食）?”asks Richard Louv, author of Last Child in the Woods.

Without having a nature experience, kids, can turn out just fine, but they are missing out a huge enrichment of their lives. That applies to everything from their physical health and mental health, to stress levels, creativity and cognitive （認(rèn)知的） skills. Experts predict modern kids will have poorer health than their parents―and they say a lack of outside play is surely part of it; research suggests that kids do better academically in schools with a nature component and that play in nature fosters （培養(yǎng)） leadership by the smartest, not by the toughest. Even a tiny outdoor experience can create wonder in a child．The three-year-old turning over his first rock realizes he is not alone in the world．A clump of trees on the roadside can be the whole universe in his eyes. We really need to value that more.

Kids are not to blame. They are over-protected and frightened．It is dangerous out there from time to time, but repetitive stress from computers is replacing breaking an arm as a childhood rite（儀式）of passage.

Everyone, from developers, to schools and outdoorsy citizens, should help regain for our kids some of the freedom and joy of exploring, taking friendship in fields and woods that cement （增強(qiáng)） love, respect and need for landscape. As parents, we should devote some of our energies to taking our kids into nature. This could yet be our greatest cause.

72. The main idea of Paragraph 2 is that __________.

A．kids missing the sense of wonder outdoors

B．parks are in danger of being gradually encroached

C．Richard Louv is the author of Last Child in the Woods

D．children are expected to develop into protectors of nature

73. According to the passage, children without experiencing nature will _________.

A．keep a high sense of wonder

B．be over-protected by their parents

C．be less healthy both physically and mentally

D．change wild places and creatures for the better

74. According to the author, children’s breaking an arm is ___________.

A．the fault on the part of their parents         

B．the natural experience in their growing up

C．the result of their own carelessness in play

D．the effect of their repetitive stress from computers

75. In writing this passage, the author mainly intends to ________.

A．blame children for getting lost in computer games

B．encourage children to protect parks from encroachment

C．show his concern about children’s lack of experience in nature

D．inspire children to keep the sense of wonder about things around

第四部分 寫(xiě)作（共三節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分35分）

鎮(zhèn)海中學(xué) 2008 學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期中考試高三年級(jí)英語(yǔ)試卷

答題卷

第一節(jié)    、單詞拼寫(xiě) （共10小題。每題0.5分，滿(mǎn)分5分）

1. After the big fire, the forest was completely d__________.

2. Some snakes are p __________to human beings.

3. I i_________ the jacket the moment I saw it. It was my brother's.

4. Sorry, the v___________ in the office has been filled.

5. It would be u _____________that such an honest fellow should have betrayed (背叛)his friends!   

6. The unemployed engineer wrote a dozen a _____________for jobs but got nothing.

7.      Children are usually c _________about everything around them.

8.      The police have e _________that the killer was an old woman.

9.       Two businessmen have been k__________ by terrorists demanding 1 million.

10.   The wind was blowing f_______ and some trees were pulled up by the roots.

第二節(jié)、短文改錯(cuò) （共10小題。每題0.5分，滿(mǎn)分5分）

Dear editor,

I graduated this year and wanted to get job.                                         11.       

I thought I would be success, but eventually I failed.                                  12.       

That was why I was so lazy that I didn’t want to                                         13.       

go out. I always blamed for the hot weather. And there’s                     14.       

another reason nobody know about: I regarded myself as                            15.       

someone who couldn’t do anything lonely. I often felt less                   16.       

capable than others. When I found a company was                               17.       

advertising, I was even afraid to call to ask for detail.                           18.       

I wanted to make a move, and I was always disappointed.                   19.       

What should I do? I’m looking forward to receive your reply.              20.       

                                  Yours

                                  Walter

第三節(jié) 書(shū)面表達(dá) （滿(mǎn)分25分）

學(xué)校網(wǎng)站新開(kāi)設(shè)了一個(gè)“英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作”欄目（column），以便學(xué)生發(fā)表（post）英語(yǔ)作文，進(jìn)行交流，提高寫(xiě)作能力�，F(xiàn)請(qǐng)你為該欄目寫(xiě)一個(gè)英文介紹，內(nèi)容包括：   1. 開(kāi)設(shè)目的          2.  欄目?jī)?yōu)勢(shì)：教師在線(xiàn)（online）指導(dǎo)等

3.      作文要求：內(nèi)容貼近學(xué)生生活  4.  優(yōu)秀作文的鼓勵(lì)辦法

5. 邀請(qǐng)大家參與

注意： 1. 詞數(shù)100左右     2.開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)已為你寫(xiě)好（不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)）

Welcome to the column “English Writing”!                            

答案：

聽(tīng)力

1.C  2.B   3.C   4.A   5.C    6.B   7.A   8.B   9.C   10.A

11.A  12.C  13.B  14.A  15.C  16.B   17.B  18.A  19.C   20.B

單項(xiàng)

DACCB  DADCB  DBDAD

完 型

ABACD    BBBCD    CBAAC   ADCDA

閱讀理解

  BDCB    BDBC     CDAD         DBDA   DCBC

單詞

destroyed    poisonous   identified   vacancy   unbelievable  applications   curious   evidence   kidnapped   fiercely

短文改錯(cuò)

11. get后加a  12. success →successful 13. why →because 14.去掉for           15. know →knew  16. lonely→alone  17. √ 18. detail→details  

19. and →but    20. receive→receiving

書(shū)面表達(dá)

One possible version:

Welcome to the column “English Writing”! Recently the school website has set up a new column called “English Writing” which provides the students the chances to post their composition and communicate with each other. Not only can students improve their writing ability in this way, but they can strengthen their self-confidence.

       The column has lots of advantages. It’s the teacher’s guide on line that has advantage over the other columns. If necessary, the students can have a direct “ask and answer” with professional teachers. It is required that the composition should be related to the students’ life. What’s more, if it is organized well enough, the writer will be rewarded for it.

       Hoping to the students’ participation.

試題詳情

2008學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期中高三年級(jí)

數(shù)學(xué)（文科）試卷

試題詳情

鎮(zhèn)海中學(xué)2008學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期中考試高三年級(jí)

政治試卷

試題詳情

浙江省鎮(zhèn)海中學(xué)2008年高三語(yǔ)文期中試卷

第Ⅰ卷 閱讀題

試題詳情

2008學(xué)年第一學(xué)期高三歷史期中考查試卷

試題詳情

安徽省2009屆高三化學(xué)各地名校月考試題匯編：

原子結(jié)構(gòu)和化學(xué)用語(yǔ)

1．^（懷遠(yuǎn)二中2008-2009學(xué)年高三第四次月考^）已知自然界氧的同位素有¹⁶O、¹⁷O、¹⁸O，氫的同位素有H、D，從水分子的原子組成來(lái)看，自然界的水分子一共有( C   )

A．3種        B．6種        C．9種        D．12種

2．^（懷遠(yuǎn)二中2008-2009學(xué)年高三第四次月考^）NaH是―種離子化合物，跟水反應(yīng)的方程式為：NaH＋H₂O=NaOH＋H₂↑，也能跟液氨、乙醇等發(fā)生類(lèi)似的反應(yīng)，并都產(chǎn)生氫氣。下列有關(guān)NaH的敘述錯(cuò)誤的是^{(  B  )}

A．跟水反應(yīng)時(shí)，水作氧化劑          B．NaH中H^－半徑比Li^＋半徑小

C．跟液氨反應(yīng)時(shí)，有NaNH₂生成       D．跟乙醇反應(yīng)時(shí)，NaH被氧化

3. ^（懷遠(yuǎn)二中2008-2009學(xué)年高三第四次月考^）設(shè)阿伏加德羅常數(shù)為N_A。則下列說(shuō)法正確的是 （   B  ）

A．常溫常壓下，18.0 g重水(D₂O)中所含的電子數(shù)為10 N_A

B．1cm³鐵所含的鐵原子數(shù)是ρ?N_A/56（ρ是鐵的密度，單位為g?cm^－3）

C．2.24LCO₂與足量的Na₂O₂反應(yīng)，Na₂O₂轉(zhuǎn)移的電子總數(shù)一定為0.1N_A

D．常溫下，2.7g鋁片投入足量的濃硫酸中，鋁失去的電子數(shù)為0.3N_A

4．（安徽省包集中學(xué)2009屆高三11月月考）正確掌握化學(xué)用語(yǔ)和化學(xué)基本概念是學(xué)好化學(xué)的基礎(chǔ),下列有關(guān)表述中正確的一組是( C  )

A．過(guò)氧乙酸(CH₃COOOH)與羥基乙酸(HOCH₂COOH)所含官能團(tuán)相同；兩者互為同分異構(gòu)體

B．¹⁶O與¹⁸O互為同位素；H₂¹⁶O、D₂¹⁶O、H₂¹⁸O、D₂¹⁸O互為同素異形體

C．P₄、CH₄、NH₄^＋粒子的空間構(gòu)型均為正四面體型；CO₂、C₂H₂均為直線(xiàn)型分子

D．Ca^2＋的結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖為，NH₄Cl的電子式為

5、（安徽師大附中2008-2009學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期期中考試高三化學(xué)）NH₄Cl是強(qiáng)酸弱堿鹽，它在水溶液里的水解過(guò)程可用下圖表示：

則下列有關(guān)NH₄ Cl溶液里存在的微粒的敘述，不正確的是[ A  ]

A.存在NH₃?H₂O，其結(jié)構(gòu)式為 B.存在NH₄⁺，其電子式為

C.存在H₃O⁺，其結(jié)構(gòu)式為    D.存在OH^－，其電子式為

6、（安徽師大附中2008-2009學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期期中考試高三化學(xué)）金屬鈦對(duì)體液無(wú)毒且有惰性，能與肌肉和骨骼生長(zhǎng)在一起，因而有“生物金屬”之稱(chēng)。下列有關(guān)和的說(shuō)法中正確的是[  B ]

A.和原子中均含有22個(gè)中子     

B.和核外均有4個(gè)電子層

C.分別由和組成的金屬鈦單質(zhì)互稱(chēng)為同分異構(gòu)體

D.與為同一核素

7．（舒城中學(xué)2008/2009學(xué)年度第三次月考 ）最新研究表明生命可能起源于火山爆發(fā)，因?yàn)榛鹕奖�發(fā)產(chǎn)生的氣體中含有1%的羰基硫（COS），已知羰基硫分子中所有原子的最外層都滿(mǎn)足8電子結(jié)構(gòu)，結(jié)合已學(xué)知識(shí)，判斷有關(guān)說(shuō)法正確的是（   D ）

   A．羰基硫?qū)儆诜菢O性分子                             B．羰基硫的電子式為

   C．羰基硫的沸點(diǎn)比CO₂低                             D．羰基硫分子中三個(gè)原子處于同一直線(xiàn)上

8．（安徽榮達(dá)學(xué)校08-09學(xué)年第五次質(zhì)量檢測(cè)）判斷下列有關(guān)化學(xué)基本概念的依據(jù)正確的是（A ）

A  氧化還原反應(yīng)：元素化合價(jià)是否變化    B  共價(jià)化合物：是否含有共價(jià)鍵

C  強(qiáng)弱電解質(zhì)：溶液的導(dǎo)電能力大小      D  金屬晶體：晶體是否能夠?qū)щ?/p>

9.（安徽省屯溪一中2009屆高三年級(jí)第三次月考）下列化學(xué)式既能表示物質(zhì)的組成，又能表示物質(zhì)分子式的是（  C ）

A.NH₄NO₃       B.SiO₂      C.C₆H₅NO₂     D.Cu

10（安徽省屯溪一中2009屆高三年級(jí)第三次月考）下列說(shuō)法正確的是（ C  ）

A.發(fā)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)時(shí)失去電子越多的金屬原子，還原能力越強(qiáng)  

B.金屬陽(yáng)離子被還原后，一定得到該元素的單質(zhì)        

C.核外電子總數(shù)相同的原子，一定是同種元素的原子        

D.能與酸反應(yīng)的氧化物，一定是堿性氧化物

11（安徽省天城中學(xué)2008--2009學(xué)年度第二次月考）．¹⁴N₆₀與¹⁴C₆₀是當(dāng)今化學(xué)界備受關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)之一，下列關(guān)于¹⁴N₆₀與¹⁴C₆₀的關(guān)系敘述正確的是（  D   ）

A．是同系物    B．是同素異形體     C．是同位素     D．以上敘述都不正確

w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

12．（安徽省蚌埠二中2009屆高三第一次質(zhì)量檢測(cè)）理論預(yù)測(cè)以下物質(zhì)的物理性質(zhì)，用＞、=、＜填空：

（1）CS₂的沸點(diǎn)___＞______ CO₂的沸點(diǎn)。     

（2）CsCl的熔點(diǎn)_____＜____KCl的熔點(diǎn)。

（3）金屬K的硬度__＜_______金屬Ca的硬度。 

（4）金剛石的硬度______＞___晶體硅的硬度。

13．Y元素的最高正價(jià)與最低負(fù)價(jià)的絕對(duì)值之差是4；Y元素可與M元素形成離子化合物，并在水中電離出電子層結(jié)構(gòu)相同的陰、陽(yáng)離子，則該化合物是[ A ]

A．                   B．                C．                  D．

14．（安徽省潛山縣黃鋪中學(xué)2009屆高三化學(xué)調(diào)研）已知在時(shí)：C H₄(g)＋2O₂(g)CO₂(g)＋2H₂O(g)；△H＝-820kJ?mol^-1，則下列說(shuō)法中正確的是[ C ]

A．反應(yīng)過(guò)程中的能量變化關(guān)系可用右圖表示

B．的燃燒熱是820 kJ.mol^-1

C．（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀況下）完傘燃燒生成氣態(tài)水時(shí)放出410 kJ 熱量

D．該反應(yīng)發(fā)生斷裂的化學(xué)鍵只有極性鍵

15．（安徽省潛山縣黃鋪中學(xué)2009屆高三化學(xué)調(diào)研）金屬鈦對(duì)體液無(wú)毒且有惰性，能與肌肉和骨骼生長(zhǎng)在一起，因而有“生物金屬”之稱(chēng)。下列有關(guān)和的說(shuō)法中正確的是[ B ]

A．和原子中均含有22個(gè)中子         

B．和核外均有4個(gè)電子層

C．分別由和組成的金屬鈦單質(zhì)互稱(chēng)為同分異構(gòu)體

D．與為同一核素

16．（安徽省靈璧中學(xué)09屆高三化學(xué)第2次月考試卷）（7分） A⁺、B⁺、C^－、D、E五種微粒（分子或離子），每個(gè)微粒均含有10個(gè)電子。已知：①A⁺＋C^－  D＋E↑       ②B⁺＋Ｃ^－2Dw.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

請(qǐng)回答以下問(wèn)題：

（1）C^－離子含有的化學(xué)鍵為_(kāi)_________________

（2）具有相同空間構(gòu)型的微粒是__________________和__________________

（3）分別寫(xiě)出A⁺和D反應(yīng)，B⁺和E反應(yīng)的離子方程式。

A⁺＋D：__________________B⁺＋E：__________________

答案．（1）共價(jià)鍵 (2)NH₃,   H₃O⁺,        (3) NH₄⁺＋H₂O ㄐNH₃?H₂O＋H⁺       .NH₃＋H₃O⁺  ＝＋H₂O      

17、（安徽省渦陽(yáng)縣08-09年10月高三聯(lián)考）1.2007年諾貝爾化學(xué)獎(jiǎng)得主Gerhard　Ertl對(duì)金屬Pt表面催化CO氧化反應(yīng)的模型進(jìn)行了深入研究。下列關(guān)于Pt的說(shuō)法正確的是[ B  ]

A. Pt和Pt的中子數(shù)相同，互稱(chēng)為同位素

B. Pt和Pt的質(zhì)子數(shù)相同，互稱(chēng)為同位素

C. Pt和Pt的核外電子數(shù)相同，是同一種核素

D. Pt和Pt的質(zhì)量數(shù)不同，不能互稱(chēng)為同位素

18．下列物質(zhì)中微粒的個(gè)數(shù)比不是1 : 1的是（  B ）

A．NaHCO₃晶體中的陰離子和陽(yáng)離子             B．Na₂O₂固體中的陰離子和陽(yáng)離子

C．重氫（H）原子中的質(zhì)子和中子       D．NH₃分子中的質(zhì)子和電子

19．（巢湖市?煬中學(xué)2008/2009高三第二次月考）最新研究表明生命可能起源于火山爆發(fā)，因?yàn)榛鹕奖�發(fā)產(chǎn)生的氣體中含有1%的羰基硫（COS），已知羰基硫分子中所有原子的最外層都滿(mǎn)足8電子結(jié)構(gòu)，結(jié)合已學(xué)知識(shí)，判斷有關(guān)說(shuō)法正確的是（   D ）

   A．羰基硫?qū)儆诜菢O性分子          B．羰基硫的電子式為

   C．羰基硫的沸點(diǎn)比CO₂低          D．羰基硫分子中三個(gè)原子處于同一直線(xiàn)上

20．（巢湖市?煬中學(xué)2008/2009高三第二次月考）用N_A表示阿伏加德羅常數(shù)的值，下列敘述正確的是 （  C  ）

A．含有N_A個(gè)氦原子的氦氣在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀況下的體積約為11.2L

B．720g C₆₀晶體含有N_A個(gè)如圖中晶胞單元

C．0.1mol碳酸鈉溶于水所得溶液中所含陰離子數(shù)大于0.1 N_A

D．1 mol Cl₂發(fā)生完全反應(yīng)后，轉(zhuǎn)移的電子數(shù)一定是2 N_A

21. （安徽省六安市08-09年度高三年級(jí)第一次調(diào)研考）下列有關(guān)化學(xué)用語(yǔ)的說(shuō)法中不正確的是[A ]

A．次氯酸的結(jié)構(gòu)式為：H―Cl―O     B．－OH與         都表示羥基

C．S^2－的結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖：S^2－                 D．苯分子的模型示意圖：

22. （安徽省六安市08-09年度高三年級(jí)第一次調(diào)研考）下列分子結(jié)構(gòu)中，原子的最外層電子不能都滿(mǎn)足8電子穩(wěn)定結(jié)構(gòu)的是[ C]

   A．CS₂                      B．PCl₃                    C．NO₂                      D．CCl₄

23、（09屆蚌埠二中10月考）在下圖所表示的粒子中，氧化性最強(qiáng)的是[ B]：

A、      B、     C、       D、

24．（安徽省皖南八校2009屆高三第一次聯(lián)考化學(xué)試卷）Y元素的最高正價(jià)與最低負(fù)價(jià)的絕對(duì)值之差是4；Y元素可與M元素形成離子化合物，并在水中電離出電子層結(jié)構(gòu)相同的陰、陽(yáng)離子，則該化合物是[  A ]

A．                   B．                C．                  D．

25．（安徽省皖南八校2009屆高三第一次聯(lián)考化學(xué)試卷）下列各項(xiàng)中指定的粒子數(shù)目約為6.02的是[ C  ]

A．1．2 g所含的電子數(shù)

B．常溫下1．7 g所含的共價(jià)鍵數(shù)

C．溶液中所含的碳原子個(gè)數(shù)

D．標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀況下所含的分子數(shù)

26．（安徽省皖南八校2009屆高三第一次聯(lián)考化學(xué)試卷）金屬鈦對(duì)體液無(wú)毒且有惰性，能與肌肉和骨骼生長(zhǎng)在一起，因而有“生物金屬”之稱(chēng)。下列有關(guān)和的說(shuō)法中正確的是[ B  ]

A．和原子中均含有22個(gè)中子

B．和核外均有4個(gè)電子層

C．分別由和組成的金屬鈦單質(zhì)互稱(chēng)為同分異構(gòu)體

     D．與為同一核素

27．（安徽省白云中學(xué)09高三化學(xué)綜合訓(xùn)練三）設(shè)N_A表示阿伏加德羅常數(shù)的數(shù)值，下列說(shuō)法正確的是[ C ]

A．由²H和¹⁸O所組成的水11g，其中所含的中子數(shù)為5N_A

B．標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀況下，1L庚烷完全燃燒后，所生成氣態(tài)產(chǎn)物的分子數(shù)為7/22.4N_A

C．在1L0.1mol/L的HCOOH溶液中，所含HCOO^－與HCOOH粒子數(shù)之和為0.1N_A

D．常溫常壓下的33.6L氯氣與27g鋁充分反應(yīng)，轉(zhuǎn)移電子數(shù)為3N_A

28．（安徽省白云中學(xué)09高三化學(xué)綜合訓(xùn)練三）正確掌握好化學(xué)用語(yǔ)是學(xué)好化學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)，下列有關(guān)表述正確的是       （  D  ）

A．次氯酸的電子式：   

B．質(zhì)量數(shù)為16的氧原子：

C．乙烯的結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)式：

D．碳酸氫根離子的電離方程式： HCO₃^- + H₂O  H₃O⁺+ CO₃^2-

w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

試題詳情

江蘇省海安縣2009屆高三年級(jí)期初調(diào)研考試

歷 史 試 題

試題詳情

山西省太原五中

2008―2009學(xué)年度高三第二學(xué)期月考試題（2月）

數(shù) 學(xué) 試 題（文）

試題詳情

安徽省2009屆高三化學(xué)各地名校月考試題匯編：

元素周期律和周期表

1．（安徽省皖南八校2009屆高三第二次聯(lián)考試題）右圖為周期表中短周期的一部分，若X原子最外層電子數(shù)比次外層電子數(shù)少3，則下列  說(shuō)法正確的是（C ）

A．X的氫化物比R的氫化物穩(wěn)定

B．原子半徑大小順序是Z>Y>X>R

C．Z的單質(zhì)能與Y的某些化合物發(fā)生置換反應(yīng)

D．X、Z可形成化合物XZ₅，分子中各原子均滿(mǎn)足最外層8電子結(jié)構(gòu)

解析．    X原子最外層電子數(shù)比次外層電子數(shù)少3，推知X為P，則R、Y、Z依次為O、S、C1。

2．（安徽榮達(dá)學(xué)校08-09學(xué)年第五次質(zhì)量檢測(cè)） 短周期元素W、X、Y、Z，W元素的一種原子無(wú)中子，X與Z同主族、與Y同周期，Y是地殼中含量最豐富的元素，Z元素原子的最外層電子數(shù)是內(nèi)層電子數(shù)的0.4倍，則下列有關(guān)敘述正確的是                                                                                        （  C  ）

       A．XY₂與ZY₂的化學(xué)鍵類(lèi)型和晶體類(lèi)型相同

       B．ZY₂為酸性氧化物，可以與強(qiáng)堿反應(yīng)，但不能與任何酸反應(yīng)

       C．XW₄與XY₂均為只含極性鍵的非極性分子

       D．常溫下Z的單質(zhì)很穩(wěn)定，既不與酸反應(yīng)，也不與強(qiáng)堿反應(yīng)

3．（安徽榮達(dá)學(xué)校08-09學(xué)年第五次質(zhì)量檢測(cè)）下列有關(guān)表述正確的是                            （ C   ）

       A． 位于短周期的X元素的陽(yáng)離子與Y元素的陰離子具有相同的電子層結(jié)構(gòu)，則兩元素的最高正化合價(jià)一定是X<Y

       B． 分子晶體的熔沸點(diǎn)都很低，所以常溫下都呈液態(tài)或氣態(tài)

       C． 熱穩(wěn)定性：AsH₃<PH₃<H₂O<HF

       D． 最外層電子數(shù)較少的金屬元素，一定比最外層電子數(shù)較多的金屬元素活潑性強(qiáng)

4. （安徽省屯溪一中2009屆高三年級(jí)第三次月考）下列各組物質(zhì)性質(zhì)比較中，正確的是（ C  ）

A.氫化物沸點(diǎn)：HI＞HBr＞HCl＞HF      B.離子半徑：K⁺＞Cl^-＞S^2-       

C.分子穩(wěn)定性：HF＞HCl＞HBr＞HI      D.單質(zhì)熔點(diǎn)：Li＜Na＜K＜Rb

5. （安徽省屯溪一中2009屆高三年級(jí)第三次月考）短周期元素W、X、Y、Z的原子序數(shù)依次增大，W與Y、X與Z位于同一主族，W與X可形成共價(jià)化合物WX₂，Y原子的內(nèi)層電子總數(shù)是其最外層電子數(shù)的2.5倍。下列敘述中不正確的是（ D  ）

A. WX₂分子中所有原子最外層都為8電子結(jié)構(gòu)  

B. WX₂、ZX₂中的化學(xué)鍵類(lèi)型和晶體類(lèi)型都相同     

C. WX₂是以極性鍵結(jié)合成的非極性分子     

D.原子半徑大小順序?yàn)椋篨＜W＜Y＜Z

6 （安徽省屯溪一中2009屆高三年級(jí)第三次月考）M元素的一個(gè)原子失去兩個(gè)電子轉(zhuǎn)移到R元素的兩個(gè)原子中去，形成離子化合物。下列四種化合物都符合條件，但從結(jié)構(gòu)上看，有一種物質(zhì)與其它三種明顯不同，該物質(zhì)是（  D ）

A.FeS₂      B.CaC₂      C.BaO₂        D.MgCl₂

7. （安徽省屯溪一中2009屆高三年級(jí)第三次月考）下列關(guān)于金屬的敘述中正確的是（ B  ）

A.所有的金屬常溫下都是固態(tài)           

B.金屬具有導(dǎo)電性、導(dǎo)熱性和延展性   

C.活潑的金屬或較活潑的金屬能與酸反應(yīng)，但不能與堿反應(yīng)    

D.金屬元素在自然界中都是以化合態(tài)存在的

8．（安徽省天城中學(xué)2008--2009學(xué)年度第二次月考）（18分）（1）有A、B、C、D、E五種微粒，它們都含有10個(gè)電子。通常狀況下，微粒A和B為分子，C和E為陽(yáng)離子，D為陰離子；B溶于A(yíng)后所得的物質(zhì)可電離出C和D；A、B、E三種微粒反應(yīng)后可得C和一種白色沉淀。請(qǐng)回答：

①用化學(xué)符號(hào)填空：

B的結(jié)構(gòu)式       ，C的電子式       。

②寫(xiě)出A、B、E三種微粒反應(yīng)的離子方程式：

                                   。

（2）甲、乙、丙、丁為前三周期元素形成的微粒，它們的電子總數(shù)相等。已知甲、乙、丙為雙原子分子或負(fù)二價(jià)雙原子陰離子，丁為原子。

①丙和鈣離子組成的離子化合物跟水反應(yīng)產(chǎn)生一種可燃性氣體，該反應(yīng)的化學(xué)方程式為：        。

②乙在高溫時(shí)是一種還原劑，請(qǐng)用化學(xué)方程式表示它在工業(yè)上的一種重要用途：              。

③在一定條件下，甲與O₂反應(yīng)的化學(xué)方程式是              。

④丁的元素符號(hào)是       ，它的原子結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖為       。

⑤單質(zhì)丁的晶體熔點(diǎn)比金剛石的熔點(diǎn)       （填“高”或“低”）。

答案

9．（安徽省天城中學(xué)2008--2009學(xué)年度第二次月考）下面元素周期表中全部是金屬元素的區(qū)域?yàn)椋?nbsp;  D  ）

A．只有s區(qū)

B．只有d區(qū)    

C．s區(qū)、d區(qū)和ds區(qū)

D．d區(qū)和ds區(qū)

10．（安徽省天城中學(xué)2008--2009學(xué)年度第二次月考）下列說(shuō)法正確的是     （  C  ）

A．SiH₄比CH₄穩(wěn)定

B．O^2?半徑比F^?的小

C．Na和Cs屬于第ⅠA族元素，Cs失電子能力比Na的強(qiáng)

D．P和As屬于第ⅤA族元素，H₃PO₄酸性比H₃AsO₄的弱

11．（安徽省天城中學(xué)2008--2009學(xué)年度第二次月考）下表為短周期的一部分，推斷關(guān)于Y、Z、M的說(shuō)法正確的是  （D ）

A．非金屬性：Y >Z>M

B．原子半徑：M>Z>Y

C．氣態(tài)氫化物的穩(wěn)定性：Y<M<Z

D．ZM₂分子中各原子的最外層均滿(mǎn)足8e^-穩(wěn)定結(jié)構(gòu)

12．（2009屆安慶一中化學(xué)高三12月考）有A、B、C、D 4種短周期元素。A、B、C為同一周期相鄰的3種元素，A和C 的原子序數(shù)之比為3：4；A、B、C分別與D形成的化合物的電子總數(shù)相等。試回答：

（1）由四種元素中的兩種組成的X、Y、Z三種物質(zhì)，已知X分子的空間構(gòu)型為三角錐形，該分子的電子式為_(kāi)_________，Y分子的空間構(gòu)型為直線(xiàn)型，該分子的化學(xué)式為_(kāi)____________________。Z分子為天然高分子化合物（限中學(xué)教材范圍內(nèi)），其結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)式為_(kāi)____________________。

（2）由四種元素中的三種組成的甲、乙兩種化合物，甲物質(zhì)屬鹽類(lèi)，其溶液呈酸性，甲物質(zhì)的化學(xué)式為_(kāi)_________，其水溶液呈酸性的原因是_____        _____________；乙物質(zhì)為常見(jiàn)的天然高分子化合物，其化學(xué)式為_(kāi)_________________________________________。

（3）E和F為兩種共價(jià)化合物，它們均含上述四種元素，且互為同分異構(gòu)體；它們一個(gè)分子中均含有2個(gè)A原子。E可發(fā)生縮聚反應(yīng)，F(xiàn)分子中含有40個(gè)電子，則F的結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)式為_(kāi)_________  _____，E發(fā)生縮聚反應(yīng)的方程式_________        ___。

答案．（1）；   C₂H₂（CO₂）(其它合理答案均可給分)；

（2分）（2）NH₄NO₃；  NH₄⁺+H₂O NH_3●H₂O+H⁺(2分)；（C₆H₁₀O₅）_n；

（3）CH₃CH₂NO₂；

13．(安徽省泗縣2008-2009學(xué)年度第一次質(zhì)量檢測(cè))（11分）有X、Y、Z三種元素，它們的單質(zhì)在常溫常壓下皆為氣體。

①X單質(zhì)可在Z單質(zhì)中燃燒，火焰為蒼白色；

②X₂Y在常溫常壓下為液體；

③Z單質(zhì)溶于化合物X₂Y所得溶液具有漂白性。

試回答下列問(wèn)題：

（1）Z的原子結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖：                    ；

（2）化合物X₂Y₂的電子式：                   ；

（3）化合物XZ在固態(tài)時(shí)的晶體類(lèi)型是                    ；

（4）化合物X₂Y的分子空間構(gòu)型為：          ，其中Y原子的雜化方式為：      （選填“sp¹、sp²、sp³等”）；由于X₂Y分子間能形成          ，使其具有相對(duì)較高的熔沸點(diǎn)；寫(xiě)出X₂Y在反應(yīng)中作還原劑的有關(guān)反應(yīng)的化學(xué)方程式                          。

（5）SO₂也有漂白性，將少量SO₂氣體通入③所得溶液中，會(huì)使該溶液的漂白性         （填“增強(qiáng)、減弱或無(wú)影響”），寫(xiě)出其反應(yīng)的離子方程式                               。

答案.【每個(gè)方程式2分，其余每空1分，本題共11分】

（1）                 （2）

（3）分子晶體；  

（4）V形（或折線(xiàn)形）；sp³；氫鍵；2F₂+2H₂O = 4HF+O₂；

（5）減弱，SO₂+Cl₂+2H₂O = 4H⁺+SO₄^2―+2Cl^―；

14．（7分）有①～⑧八種短周期元素，其原子序數(shù)依次增大，其中②、⑦、⑧三種元素在刷期表中的相對(duì)位置如下，且元素②所處主族的位置為所有主族的正中間。

②

⑦

⑧

（1）元素②在周期表中的位置為         ；②、⑦、⑧三種元素最高價(jià)氧化物劉應(yīng)水化物的酸性由強(qiáng)到弱的順序是             （用化學(xué)式表示）。

答案．（1）第二周期ⅣA族（1分）；（2分）

（2）（各2分）

15．（安徽泗縣一中2008-2009學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期高三第三次月考）下列各組物質(zhì)的晶體中，化學(xué)鍵類(lèi)型和晶體類(lèi)型完全相同的是w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

A．CO₂和SiO₂      B．SiCl₄和CCl₄      C．大理石和金剛石   D．CaC₂和Mg₃N₂

試題詳情

安徽省2009屆高三化學(xué)各地名校月考試題匯編：

有機(jī)推斷

1．（黃山市田家炳實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)2008年高三第三次月考）(12分) 已知溴水中存在化學(xué)平衡：

Br₂＋H₂OHBr＋HBrO，乙烯通入溴水中，生成A、B（B的分子式為C₂H₅BrO）和C₂H₅Br。

回答下列問(wèn)題：

⑴E的分子式為_(kāi)_____________。G中含氧官能團(tuán)的名稱(chēng)是______________。

⑵B的結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)式為_(kāi)____________________，I的結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)式為_(kāi)______________________。

⑶A～I(xiàn)中，能發(fā)生銀鏡反應(yīng)的物質(zhì)的結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)式是_________________________________，。

⑷寫(xiě)出由G轉(zhuǎn)化為H的化學(xué)方程式：__________________________________________，

⑸指出以下轉(zhuǎn)化的反應(yīng)類(lèi)型為的：乙烯→A_______、 G→H_________________。

答案．(12分)⑴  C₈H₁₆O₄    羥基、羧基  (1+1)分

⑵B  CH₂BrCH₂OH          ⑶ Br-CH₂-CHO  (2+2+2)分

⑷ n HOCH2COOH→H-[-OCH₂CO-]n-OH +(n-1)H₂O   (2分)

⑸ 加成反應(yīng) 、縮聚反應(yīng)。(2分)

2、（2009屆安慶一中化學(xué)高三12月考）為測(cè)定某有機(jī)化合物A的結(jié)構(gòu)，進(jìn)行如下實(shí)驗(yàn)。

  【分子式的確定】（1）將有機(jī)物A置于氧氣流中充分燃燒，實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)得：生成5.4gH₂O和8.8gCO₂，消耗氧氣6.72L（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀況下）。則該物質(zhì)中各元素的原子個(gè)數(shù)比是          ；

   （2）質(zhì)譜儀測(cè)定有機(jī)化合物的相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量為46，則該物質(zhì)的分子式是        ；

   （3）根據(jù)價(jià)鍵理論，預(yù)測(cè)A的可能結(jié)構(gòu)并寫(xiě)出結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)式            。

  【結(jié)構(gòu)式的確定】  （4）核磁共振氫原子光譜能對(duì)有機(jī)物分子中不同位置的氫原子給出不同的峰值（信號(hào)），根據(jù)峰值（信號(hào)）可以確定分子中氫原子的種類(lèi)和數(shù)目。例如：甲基氯甲基醚（Cl―CH₂―O―CH₃）有兩種氫原子（圖1）。經(jīng)測(cè)定，有機(jī)物A的核磁共振氫譜示意圖如圖2，則A的結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)式為           。

【性質(zhì)實(shí)驗(yàn)】

（5）A在一定條件下脫水可生成B，B可合成包裝塑料C，請(qǐng)寫(xiě)出B轉(zhuǎn)化為C的化學(xué)反應(yīng)方程式：        。

（6）體育比賽中當(dāng)運(yùn)動(dòng)員肌肉扭傷時(shí)，隊(duì)醫(yī)隨即用氯乙烷（沸點(diǎn)為12.27℃）對(duì)受傷部位進(jìn)行局部冷凍麻醉。請(qǐng)用B選擇合適的方法制備氯乙烷，要求原子利用率為100%，請(qǐng)寫(xiě)出制備反應(yīng)方程式：              。

（7）A可通過(guò)糧食在一定條件下制得，由糧食制得的A在一定溫度下密閉儲(chǔ)存，因?yàn)榘l(fā)生一系列的化學(xué)變化而變得更醇香。請(qǐng)寫(xiě)出最后一步反應(yīng)的化學(xué)方程式：                     。

答案（1）n(C): n(H): n(O)= 2:6:1   （2）C₂H₆O      （3）CH₃CH₂OH   CH₃?O-CH₃

       （4）CH₃CH₂OH   

（5）nCH₂=CH₂  [CH₂-CH₂ ] _n   

           _（6）nCH₂=CH₂  + HCl         CH₃CH₂ Cl

（7）                                                    

3．（岳西中學(xué)2009屆高三復(fù)習(xí)班化學(xué)第二次質(zhì)量檢測(cè)）某單質(zhì)X能從鹽的溶液中置換出單質(zhì)Y,下列說(shuō)法正確的是[ A  ]

A．當(dāng)X、Y都是金屬時(shí),X一定比Y活潑

B．當(dāng)X、Y都是非金屬時(shí)，Y一定比X活潑

C．當(dāng)X是金屬時(shí)，Y只能是金屬。

D．當(dāng)X是非金屬時(shí)，Y可能是金屬，也可能是非金屬

4．（巢湖市?煬中學(xué)2008/2009高三第二次月考）Ⅰ．相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量不超過(guò)100的有機(jī)物N，既能與金屬鈉反應(yīng)產(chǎn)生無(wú)色氣體，又能與碳酸鈉反應(yīng)產(chǎn)生無(wú)色氣體，還可以使溴的四氯化碳溶液褪色。 N完全燃燒只生成CO₂和H₂O。經(jīng)分析其含氧元素的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為37.21%。經(jīng)核磁共振檢測(cè)發(fā)現(xiàn)N的氫譜如下：

（1）N的結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)式為：___________________________________。

Ⅱ．塑料是常用的合成高分子材料，常用塑料F、G均可由某烴經(jīng)下列反應(yīng)得到：

（2）寫(xiě)出反應(yīng)①的化學(xué)方程式：

_________             _________________________；

（3）寫(xiě)出反應(yīng)②的化學(xué)方程式：

_________             _________________________；

（4）寫(xiě)出反應(yīng)③的化學(xué)方程式：

_________             _________________________；

答案.．（1）CH₂＝C(CH₃)COOH    (3分)

（2）+2NaOH+2NaBr    (3分)

（3）n         (3分)

（4）n CH₃－CHOH－COOHHOH + （n－1）H₂O   (3分)

5、（安師大附中2009屆年高三第一次模擬考試化學(xué)）（15分） 已知   。有機(jī)物G（C₂₀H₁₈O₄）是一種酯，合成路線(xiàn)如下：

試回答下題問(wèn)題：

（1）指出反應(yīng)類(lèi)型：反應(yīng)①           ，反應(yīng)②               。

（2）A的結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)式是               ；F的結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)式是               。

（3）B轉(zhuǎn)化為C的化學(xué)方程式是（有機(jī)物用結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)式表示）

（4）寫(xiě)出有機(jī)物C的所有同時(shí)含碳碳雙鍵、苯環(huán)和羧基的同分異構(gòu)體（不包括有機(jī)物C本身）：

                、            、           、           。

答案（1）加成；消去

（2）                                                               

（3）                       

                         +2Cu(OH)₂                CH = CH－COOH + Cu₂O↓+2H₂O

6．（安徽省皖南八校2009屆高三第一次聯(lián)考化學(xué)試卷）（10分）（化學(xué)――有機(jī)化學(xué)基礎(chǔ)）

有機(jī)物A～G有如下轉(zhuǎn)化關(guān)系（無(wú)機(jī)產(chǎn)物已略去）．其中A、B、C、G分子中均含有苯環(huán)，1 mol A發(fā)生反應(yīng)生成l mol B和，回答下列問(wèn)題：

（1）實(shí)驗(yàn)室由制取D的化學(xué)方程式為                             。

（2）C的核磁共振氯譜圖如下圖所示，則C的結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)式為                         。有相同官能團(tuán)種類(lèi)和數(shù)目的同分異構(gòu)體有           種（除C外）。

（3）A的結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)式為                                       。

（4）由C 與 F生成G的化學(xué)方程式為                                      。

答案（1）

（2）；2

（3）

（4）（每空2分）

7．（安徽省白云中學(xué)09高三化學(xué)綜合訓(xùn)練三）(10分)某化合物A在一定條件下能發(fā)生如下圖所示的轉(zhuǎn)變：

其中只有B₁既能使溴水褪色，又能與Na₂CO₃ 溶液反應(yīng)放出CO₂ ，回答下列問(wèn)題：

（1）指出反應(yīng)類(lèi)型：X      反應(yīng)，Y     反應(yīng)。

    （2）物質(zhì)A的結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)式為               。

    （3）寫(xiě)出C₁  C₂的化學(xué)方程式             。

（4）與F互為同分異構(gòu)體且核磁共振氫譜只有一種峰的有機(jī)物的結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)式有     。

（5）與C₂具有相同官能團(tuán)的同分異構(gòu)體（不包括C₂，同個(gè)碳原子上不能有多個(gè)羥基）共有     種。

答案．(10分)(1) 取代(或水解)    消去(每空1分)

(2)

CH3          CH3 |            | CH2＝C－COOCH2－CH－CH2Br (3) CH3   |    HOCH2－CH－CH2Br CH3   |    HOCH2－CH－CH2OH (4) O  O ||　|| CH3－O－C－C－O－CH3   O　      O ||　       || CH3－C－O－O－C－CH3   ⑸　 5（２分）   8．（白云中學(xué)2008－2009學(xué)年度高三第二次月考）（18分）快樂(lè)是什么？精神病學(xué)專(zhuān)家通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)：在大腦的相應(yīng)部位―“獎(jiǎng)賞中心”，給予柔和的電擊，便會(huì)處于似乎極度快樂(lè)的狀態(tài)。人們已經(jīng)將“獎(jiǎng)賞中心”各部分的腦電圖繪制出來(lái)，并認(rèn)為，在各區(qū)域之間傳遞信息的化學(xué)物質(zhì)是多巴胺，所以“獎(jiǎng)賞中心”又稱(chēng)為多巴胺系統(tǒng)。   多巴胺結(jié)構(gòu)如右圖： （1）多巴胺分子式：                      。 （2）試判斷多巴胺能發(fā)生的化學(xué)反應(yīng)（    ） A．加成   B．取代     C．氧化     D．水解 （3）寫(xiě)出與多巴胺互為同分異構(gòu)體且屬于1、3、5三取代苯并且苯環(huán)上直接連有一個(gè)羥基和一個(gè)氨基且分別能與鈉和氫氧化鈉反應(yīng)，消耗鈉與氫氧化鈉的物質(zhì)的量之比為２┱１的所有物質(zhì)的結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)式：                                                                     。   w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m   （4）多巴胺可由香蘭素與硝基甲烷縮合，再經(jīng)鋅汞齊還原水解而得。合成過(guò)程表示如下： <form id="snrpw"></form> 催化劑 Ⅰ、寫(xiě)出下列反應(yīng)類(lèi)型：反應(yīng)①              ，反應(yīng)②                 。 Ⅱ、A的結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)式：                           。 Ⅲ、寫(xiě)出②、⑤兩步的化學(xué)方程式： ②：                                                                       ⑤：                                                             答案  （1）C8H11NO2（２分）   （2）ABC（2分） （3）（4分，每種２分）     (4 )Ⅰ、加成反應(yīng)  （1分）；消去反應(yīng)（1分）Ⅱ、A：    （2分）  Ⅲ、（兩方程式各3分）           9．（蕪湖一中2008屆高三第二次模擬考試）（10分）有機(jī)物A(C10H­20O2)具有蘭花香味，可用作香皂、洗發(fā)香波的芳香賦予劑。已知：           ①B分子中沒(méi)有支鏈 ②D能與碳酸氫鈉溶液反應(yīng)放出二氧化碳 ③D、E互為具有相同官能團(tuán)的同分異構(gòu)體。E分子烴基上的氫若被氯取代，其一氯代物只有一種。 ④F可以使溴的四氯化碳溶液褪色。 （1）B可以發(fā)生的反應(yīng)有           （選填序號(hào)） ①取代反應(yīng)    ②消去反應(yīng)    ③加聚反應(yīng)    ④氧化反應(yīng) （2）D、F分子所含的官能團(tuán)的名稱(chēng)依次是              、              。 （3）寫(xiě)出與D、E具有相同官能團(tuán)的同分異構(gòu)體的可能結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)式：                   、                  、                 、                。（可不填滿(mǎn)，也可補(bǔ)充） （4）E可用于生產(chǎn)氨芐青霉素等。已知E的制備方法不同于其常見(jiàn)的同系物，據(jù)報(bào)道，可由2-甲基-1-丙醇和甲酸在一定條件下制取E。該反應(yīng)的化學(xué)方程式是：                                                                        。 答案．（10分）（1）①②④  （2）羧基  碳碳雙鍵   w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m     試題詳情 同步練習(xí)冊(cè)答案 全品作業(yè)本答案 同步測(cè)控優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)答案 長(zhǎng)江作業(yè)本同步練習(xí)冊(cè)答案 同步導(dǎo)學(xué)案課時(shí)練答案 仁愛(ài)英語(yǔ)同步練習(xí)冊(cè)答案 一課一練創(chuàng)新練習(xí)答案 時(shí)代新課程答案 新編基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練答案 能力培養(yǎng)與測(cè)試答案 更多練習(xí)冊(cè)答案 百度致信 - 練習(xí)冊(cè)列表 - 試題列表 湖北省互聯(lián)網(wǎng)違法和不良信息舉報(bào)平臺(tái) | 網(wǎng)上有害信息舉報(bào)專(zhuān)區(qū) | 電信詐騙舉報(bào)專(zhuān)區(qū) | 涉歷史虛無(wú)主義有害信息舉報(bào)專(zhuān)區(qū) | 涉企侵權(quán)舉報(bào)專(zhuān)區(qū) 違法和不良信息舉報(bào)電話(huà)：027-86699610 舉報(bào)郵箱：58377363@163.com 版權(quán)聲明：本站所有文章，圖片來(lái)源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，著作權(quán)及版權(quán)歸原作者所有，轉(zhuǎn)載無(wú)意侵犯版權(quán)，如有侵權(quán)，請(qǐng)作者速來(lái)函告知，我們將盡快處理，聯(lián)系qq：3310059649。 ICP備案序號(hào): 滬ICP備07509807號(hào)-10 鄂公網(wǎng)安備42018502000812號(hào)