2009年高考5月政治沖刺資料(4)
――《生活與哲學(xué)》論述題精選
40.(2009年深圳市高三年級(jí)第二次調(diào)研考試)下面是一位法律專業(yè)大學(xué)生“村官”的日記摘抄,從中我們可以看到一個(gè)年輕人逐漸成長(zhǎng)、成熟的心路歷程。
我選擇到最基層――農(nóng)村去工作。這是一個(gè)別人沒(méi)做過(guò)的“吃螃蟹”的決定。我想人是要有點(diǎn)理想的,到祖國(guó)最需要的地方去,才可以干出一番事業(yè)。
在農(nóng)村,要尊重農(nóng)民、心系群眾,老老實(shí)實(shí)做人,踏踏實(shí)實(shí)做事……
為使更多人學(xué)法、用法,我在村里辦起法律夜校、法律咨詢室……從中體會(huì)到了“學(xué)以致用”的快樂(lè)。
3年過(guò)去了,我?guī)ьI(lǐng)村民發(fā)家致富,全村面貌發(fā)生了巨大的變化:農(nóng)民收入翻番,不少村民喜遷新居,村里時(shí)常舉辦各種形式的文化活動(dòng),群眾的業(yè)余文化生活也越來(lái)越豐富……
(1)結(jié)合材料,運(yùn)用《生活與哲學(xué)》的知識(shí),分析說(shuō)明大學(xué)生應(yīng)該如何為國(guó)家和社會(huì)貢獻(xiàn)聰明才智?(12分)
(2)假如你是一名即將畢業(yè)的大學(xué)生,請(qǐng)運(yùn)用矛盾分析法說(shuō)明應(yīng)該如何應(yīng)對(duì)當(dāng)前的就業(yè)困難?(5分)
40、答:(1)①大學(xué)生只有樹(shù)立正確的價(jià)值觀和人生理想,做出正確的價(jià)值判斷與價(jià)值選擇,才能為國(guó)家和社會(huì)貢獻(xiàn)聰明才智。該“村官”選擇到農(nóng)村、到祖國(guó)最需要的地方去,實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的理想和抱負(fù)。(3分)
②大學(xué)生只有堅(jiān)持群眾觀點(diǎn),才能為國(guó)家和社會(huì)貢獻(xiàn)聰明才智。該“村官”能在工作中尊重農(nóng)民、心系群眾,老老實(shí)實(shí)做人,踏踏實(shí)實(shí)做事。(3分)
③大學(xué)生只有堅(jiān)持實(shí)踐觀點(diǎn),做到理論聯(lián)系實(shí)際,才能為國(guó)家和社會(huì)貢獻(xiàn)聰明才智。該“村官”在村中辦法律夜校、法律咨詢室……學(xué)以致用,贏得了村民的尊重。(3分)
④大學(xué)生只有在勞動(dòng)和奉獻(xiàn)中實(shí)現(xiàn)人生價(jià)值,才能為國(guó)家和社會(huì)貢獻(xiàn)聰明才智。該“村官”在3年時(shí)間里,帶領(lǐng)村民發(fā)家致富,使全村面貌發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化,實(shí)現(xiàn)了自身價(jià)值。(3分)
(2)①矛盾雙方在一定條件下可以相互轉(zhuǎn)化。作為即將畢業(yè)的大學(xué)生,應(yīng)該積極創(chuàng)造條件,全面提高自身素質(zhì),增強(qiáng)自身的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì),在困難中把握機(jī)遇。(1分)
②矛盾具有普遍性、客觀性要求我們要承認(rèn)矛盾,分析矛盾,勇于揭露矛盾,積極尋求正確的方法解決矛盾。作為即將畢業(yè)的大學(xué)生,應(yīng)該敢于面對(duì)困難、克服困難,并找到解決困難的辦法。(2分)
③矛盾的特殊性要求我們做到具體問(wèn)題具體分析。作為即將畢業(yè)的大學(xué)生,應(yīng)該根據(jù)個(gè)人的興趣、專長(zhǎng)和條件,實(shí)現(xiàn)自主擇業(yè)或自主創(chuàng)業(yè)。(2分)
39.(2009佛山2模17分)
2009年高考5月政治沖刺資料(3)
――《生活與哲學(xué)》辨析題精選
39.(2009年深圳市高三年級(jí)第二次調(diào)研考試)(11分)俄國(guó)十月革命后,曾經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過(guò)一個(gè)“無(wú)產(chǎn)階級(jí)文化派”,他們主張拋棄過(guò)去的一切,建立無(wú)產(chǎn)階級(jí)的數(shù)學(xué)和天文學(xué),建立無(wú)產(chǎn)階級(jí)的新鐵路。他們寫道:“為了我們的明天――我們將拉斐爾火葬,我們要把博物館破壞,我們將藝術(shù)的花朵加以摧毀!
辨題:只要徹底否定,就能實(shí)現(xiàn)事物的發(fā)展。
39、答:⑴“無(wú)產(chǎn)階級(jí)文化派”的主張是典型的形而上學(xué)否定觀。(1分)
⑵辯證的否定是事物自身的否定,它是事物發(fā)展的環(huán)節(jié),是實(shí)現(xiàn)新事物產(chǎn)生和舊事物滅亡的根本途徑。辨證否定的實(shí)質(zhì)是“揚(yáng)棄”,是既肯定又否定,既克服又保留,而不是“無(wú)產(chǎn)階級(jí)文化派”所主張的徹底否定。(4分)
⑶辯證否定是事物聯(lián)系的環(huán)節(jié),新事物產(chǎn)生于舊事物,它總是吸取、保留和改造舊事物中積極的因素作為自己存在和發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)。正是事物之間的相互聯(lián)系、相互作用,才構(gòu)成了事物的變化和發(fā)展!盁o(wú)產(chǎn)階級(jí)文化派”主張完全割裂新舊事物的聯(lián)系,不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)事物的發(fā)展。(3分)
⑷唯物辯證法的矛盾觀認(rèn)為,矛盾是事物發(fā)展的源泉和動(dòng)力。矛盾雙方既對(duì)立又統(tǒng)一,由此推動(dòng)事物的運(yùn)動(dòng)、變化和發(fā)展,而不是象“無(wú)產(chǎn)階級(jí)文化派”那樣把否定理解為外力作用的結(jié)果。(3分)
38.(2009佛山2模11分)中國(guó)改革開(kāi)放30年來(lái),經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、文化和社會(huì)建設(shè)都發(fā)生了巨大的變化,取得了前所未有的歷史性進(jìn)步。
辨題:社會(huì)不斷的變化,推動(dòng)著社會(huì)不斷的發(fā)展。
38.答案要點(diǎn):
(1)事物的變化和事物的發(fā)展有著密切聯(lián)系,都是指事物是處在不停的運(yùn)動(dòng)之中,絕對(duì)靜止的事物是不存在的,沒(méi)有變化就沒(méi)有發(fā)展,發(fā)展是變化的總趨向。(2分)但并非任何的變化都是發(fā)展,發(fā)展是前進(jìn)的、上升的變化,是新事物的產(chǎn)生和舊事物的滅亡。(2分)
(2)矛盾是事物發(fā)展的動(dòng)力和源泉。社會(huì)的發(fā)展是在社會(huì)基本矛盾運(yùn)動(dòng)中,在社會(huì)基本矛盾的不斷解決中實(shí)現(xiàn)的。(2分)人民群眾是社會(huì)實(shí)踐的主體,是變革社會(huì)的決定力量。人民群眾通過(guò)推動(dòng)生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展而不斷創(chuàng)造和改變社會(huì)關(guān)系,從而不斷推動(dòng)社會(huì)歷史的進(jìn)步和發(fā)展。(3分)我國(guó)30年來(lái)所取得的巨大進(jìn)步,是通過(guò)不斷的改革,使生產(chǎn)關(guān)系適應(yīng)生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展、上層建筑適應(yīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)發(fā)展的結(jié)果。(1分)
(3)題中的觀點(diǎn)是不科學(xué)的。(1分)
39. (09年茂名一模)2008年是我國(guó)的多災(zāi)之年:年初的南方冰凍雪災(zāi)、5?12四川大地震、
辨題:巨大的自然災(zāi)害是自然界運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律的必然,與人類無(wú)關(guān),人類也無(wú)能為力。
39. 答案要點(diǎn):(1)自然界及其運(yùn)動(dòng)變化的規(guī)律是客觀的,它的存在與發(fā)生作用不依人的意志為轉(zhuǎn)移,并突出表現(xiàn)為不可抗拒性。如地震等現(xiàn)象是自然規(guī)律運(yùn)動(dòng)的必然。(4分)
(2)自然規(guī)律是不可抗拒的,人類的活動(dòng)一旦違背自然規(guī)律必須遭到自然規(guī)律的懲罰。像年初的南方冰凍震災(zāi)、強(qiáng)臺(tái)風(fēng)“黑格比”等自然災(zāi)害往往與人類違背自然規(guī)律的活動(dòng)有關(guān),并不完全是自然規(guī)律作用的結(jié)果。(3分)
(3)但是,人類在自然客觀規(guī)律面前并非無(wú)能為力。人的意識(shí)具有能動(dòng)性,能夠認(rèn)識(shí)和利用自然規(guī)律,能夠利用規(guī)律提高活動(dòng)的預(yù)見(jiàn)性和方向性,能夠創(chuàng)造規(guī)律起作用的條件或者改變其起作用的條件,讓規(guī)律造福人類。(4分)
38.(佛山市2009年普通高中高三教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)一) (11分)青年學(xué)生只要充分發(fā)揮主觀能動(dòng)性,就能大有作為。
38.答案要點(diǎn):
(1)意識(shí)具有能動(dòng)作用,人能夠能動(dòng)地認(rèn)識(shí)世界和改造世界,人們要大有作為就必須充分發(fā)揮主觀能動(dòng)性。從這點(diǎn)看,辨題觀點(diǎn)具有一定合理性。(3分)
(2)要大有作為必須把發(fā)揮主觀能動(dòng)性和尊重客觀規(guī)律、客觀條件結(jié)合起來(lái),把高度的革命熱情同嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)踏實(shí)的科學(xué)態(tài)度結(jié)合起來(lái)。(3分)
(3)要大有作為,還必須全面提高個(gè)人素質(zhì),樹(shù)立正確的價(jià)值觀和堅(jiān)定的理想信念。(2分)
(4)要大有作為必須正確處理個(gè)人與社會(huì)的關(guān)系,積極投身于為人民服務(wù)的社會(huì)實(shí)踐中去。(2分)
可見(jiàn),辨題觀點(diǎn)是片面的。(1分)
39.(珠海市2009年高三年級(jí)第二次調(diào)研考試)胡錦濤在紀(jì)念黨的十一屆三中全會(huì)召開(kāi)30周年大會(huì)上的講話強(qiáng)調(diào)到新中國(guó)成立10年時(shí)基本實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化,建成富強(qiáng)民主文明和諧的社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化國(guó)家。只要我們不動(dòng)搖、不懈怠、不折騰,堅(jiān)定不移地推進(jìn)改革開(kāi)放,堅(jiān)定不移地走中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義道路,就一定能夠勝利實(shí)現(xiàn)這一宏偉藍(lán)圖和奮斗目標(biāo)。
辨題:按規(guī)律辦事就能做到“不折騰”。
39.答:(1)規(guī)律是客觀的,我們要按規(guī)律辦事,在實(shí)踐中堅(jiān)持真理,遵循社會(huì)發(fā)展的客觀規(guī)律,走歷史的必由之路。(2分)(2)要做到“不折騰”就要堅(jiān)持馬克思主義的世界觀和方法論,堅(jiān)持辯證法,反對(duì)形而上學(xué)。(2分)(3)做到一切從實(shí)際出發(fā),實(shí)事求是,主觀符合客觀,堅(jiān)持把發(fā)揮主觀能動(dòng)性和尊重客觀規(guī)律結(jié)合起來(lái),把高度的革命熱情和嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)踏實(shí)的科學(xué)態(tài)度結(jié)合起來(lái)。(3分)(5)做到“不折騰”,要尊重廣大人民的歷史主體地位,堅(jiān)持群眾觀點(diǎn)和群眾路線,自覺(jué)站在最廣大人民的立場(chǎng)上,把人民群眾的利益作為最高的價(jià)值標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。(3分)
所以,題目觀點(diǎn)是不科學(xué)的。(1分)
39. (廣東省江門市2009年高考第二次模擬考試)(11分)溫家寶總理談到應(yīng)對(duì)金融危機(jī)時(shí)說(shuō),我們首先要增強(qiáng)信心,信心就是力量。信心來(lái)自中國(guó)有廣闊的市場(chǎng)和豐富的人力資源,來(lái)自黨和政府及時(shí)果斷出臺(tái)的正確措施。有廣大干部職工迎難而上的精神,我們就一定能取得勝利。
辨析:有了信心,我們的事業(yè)就一定能取得勝利。
39.答:①意識(shí)具有能動(dòng)作用,人們通過(guò)發(fā)揮主觀能動(dòng)性,有助于克服困難,創(chuàng)造性地解決問(wèn)題,這是戰(zhàn)勝危機(jī)的重要因素。溫總理強(qiáng)調(diào)應(yīng)對(duì)金融危機(jī)要增強(qiáng)信心,正是這一道理的直接體現(xiàn)。(3分)
②要取得成功,除信心外,還離不開(kāi)其他的一些主、客觀條件。如樹(shù)立正確的價(jià)值觀、一切從實(shí)出發(fā)、解放思想、實(shí)事求是、立足實(shí)踐等。如果只是有信心,并不具備相應(yīng)的條件,我們的事業(yè)也難以取得勝利。(3分)
③我們的事業(yè)要取得成功,必須把發(fā)揮主觀能動(dòng)性和尊重客觀規(guī)律有機(jī)結(jié)合起來(lái)。溫總理對(duì)信心的論述,體現(xiàn)了高度革命熱情和科學(xué)態(tài)度的有機(jī)結(jié)合。(3分)
④把總理的話曲解為“信心決定事業(yè)的成功”,夸大了意識(shí)的能動(dòng)作用,是唯意志主義的表現(xiàn)。(2分)
39 、(惠州市2009 屆高三第二次模擬考試)(11 分) 真理是抽象的,真理與謬誤沒(méi)有明確的界限。
答案:(1)真理的最基本屬性是客觀性,人們對(duì)同一事物的真理性認(rèn)識(shí)只能有一個(gè),在真理面前人人平等。真理是具體的有條件的,任何真理都是相對(duì)于特定過(guò)程來(lái)說(shuō),都是主觀與客觀、理論與實(shí)踐的具體的歷史的統(tǒng)一。抽象的真理是不存在的,我們應(yīng)堅(jiān)持真理客觀性的辯證唯物主義的真理觀,反對(duì)抽象地談?wù)撜胬淼奈ㄐ闹髁x與形而上學(xué)的真理觀。(4分)
(2)真理是人們對(duì)客觀事物及其規(guī)律的正確反映,謬誤是客觀事物及其規(guī)律在人們頭腦中的歪曲反映。真理是具體而全面的,體現(xiàn)了主觀和客觀、理論和實(shí)踐的具體的歷史的統(tǒng)一。謬誤則相反,它是人們認(rèn)識(shí)的主觀性、片面性和表面性所造成。真理與謬誤的界限不容混淆。認(rèn)為真理與謬誤沒(méi)有明確的界限是錯(cuò)誤的。(4分)
(3)任何真理都有自己適用的條件和范圍,如果超出了這個(gè)條件和范圍,真理就會(huì)變成謬誤。真理的條件性和具體性表明,真理和謬誤往往是相伴而行的。在人們探索真理的過(guò)程中,錯(cuò)誤是難免的。我們要與時(shí)俱進(jìn),開(kāi)拓創(chuàng)新,在實(shí)踐中認(rèn)識(shí)和發(fā)現(xiàn)真理,在實(shí)踐中檢驗(yàn)和發(fā)展真理。(3)
39.(揭陽(yáng)市2009年高中畢業(yè)班第二次高考模擬考試)(11分)真理標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大討論重新恢復(fù)了黨的解放思想、實(shí)事求是的思想路線,沖破了個(gè)人迷信、“兩個(gè)凡是”的精神枷鎖,把人們從毛澤東晚年錯(cuò)誤、從“文化大革命”的極左錯(cuò)誤中解放出來(lái),從而為改革開(kāi)放、撥亂反正等一系列新政策、新主張、新思想、新辦法的提出,打開(kāi)了通道,提供了思想空間和條件。
辨析:實(shí)踐是客觀的,真理是主觀的,因此,實(shí)踐是檢驗(yàn)真理的重要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
39. 答案要點(diǎn):
(1)實(shí)踐具有客觀物質(zhì)性。在實(shí)踐活動(dòng)中,不僅實(shí)踐的構(gòu)成要素―主體、手段和對(duì)象是客觀的,而且實(shí)踐活動(dòng)的過(guò)程及其結(jié)果也受到客觀事物及其運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律的制約,因而具有客觀性。題中認(rèn)為“實(shí)踐是客觀的”有一定的合理性。(3分)
(2)真理最基本的屬性是客觀性,它的內(nèi)容是客觀的,是對(duì)不依賴于人的意識(shí)的客觀事物及其規(guī)律的反映。而真理的形式是主觀的,它屬于認(rèn)識(shí)范疇。真理是主觀與客觀的統(tǒng)一。因此,不能說(shuō)“真理是主觀的”。 (3分)
(3)要檢驗(yàn)一種認(rèn)識(shí)是否正確地反映了客觀事物,只有把主觀與客觀聯(lián)系起來(lái)加以比較和對(duì)照,才能檢驗(yàn)主觀認(rèn)識(shí)與客觀事物是否相符合。唯一能夠滿足這一要求的就是實(shí)踐。通過(guò)實(shí)踐,人們可以把自己頭腦中的觀念的存在變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)的存在。在這一過(guò)程中,人們把指導(dǎo)自己實(shí)踐的認(rèn)識(shí)和實(shí)踐所產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果加以對(duì)照,從而檢驗(yàn)認(rèn)識(shí)是否正確地反映了客觀事物。因此,真理標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大討論,明確了實(shí)踐是檢驗(yàn)認(rèn)識(shí)的真理性的唯一標(biāo)準(zhǔn),題中認(rèn)為“實(shí)踐是檢驗(yàn)真理的重要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”是錯(cuò)誤的(5分)。
39.(韶關(guān)2009年高三第二次政治模擬題)(11分)某市對(duì)青少年問(wèn)卷調(diào)查顯示,08年奧運(yùn)會(huì)上,當(dāng)中國(guó)國(guó)旗升起的時(shí)候有95%的青少年感到驕傲自豪;公交車上,如果看到老弱病殘,93%的人會(huì)主動(dòng)讓坐;86%認(rèn)為做人要誠(chéng)實(shí)守信。但有83%的人闖過(guò)紅燈并認(rèn)為這是小事,談不上違法。
辨析:踐行社會(huì)主義榮辱觀,就要做到明辨“大是大非”
39.答案要點(diǎn):(1)價(jià)值觀是指人們?cè)谡J(rèn)識(shí)各種具體事物價(jià)值的基礎(chǔ)上,形成對(duì)事物價(jià)值的總的看法和根本觀點(diǎn)。社會(huì)主義榮辱觀是一種正確的價(jià)值觀。踐行社會(huì)主義榮辱觀包括知與行兩大方面,知是認(rèn)知層面的,屬于價(jià)值判斷,行是實(shí)踐層面,要做出價(jià)值選擇。(3分)
(2)價(jià)值判斷是價(jià)值選擇的基礎(chǔ)。材料表明,在“大是大非”面前某市青少年能夠做出正確的價(jià)值選擇,是他們深深懂得愛(ài)國(guó),誠(chéng)信,尊老愛(ài)幼等的重要性。明辨“大是大非”對(duì)踐行社會(huì)主義榮辱觀非常重要,有利于青少年的健康成長(zhǎng)。(3分)而他們撞紅燈現(xiàn)象普遍存在則是認(rèn)識(shí)模糊,在“小是小非”面前選取隨意的表現(xiàn)。在社會(huì)主義社會(huì)里,不論大事小事,是非、善惡的界限絕對(duì)不能混淆。(2分)
(3)踐行社會(huì)主義榮辱觀,青少年不僅要明是非,知榮辱,還要從小事做起,從自我做起,做到知行統(tǒng)一,讓美德成為習(xí)慣。(2分)
(4) 因此題目的觀點(diǎn)是不科學(xué)的(1分)
39.(2009屆廣東省湛江市二模)(11分)辨析:人們追求真理就要勇于否定過(guò)去。
39.答案要點(diǎn): (1)真理是標(biāo)志主觀同客觀相符合的哲學(xué)范疇,是人們對(duì)客觀事物及其規(guī)律的正確認(rèn)識(shí)。(2分)認(rèn)識(shí)具有反復(fù)性,人們對(duì)一個(gè)事物的正確認(rèn)識(shí)往往要經(jīng)過(guò)從實(shí)踐到認(rèn)識(shí),再?gòu)恼J(rèn)識(shí)到實(shí)踐的多次反復(fù)才能完成的。追求真理的過(guò)程也是如此。 (3分)認(rèn)識(shí)具有無(wú)限性,追求真理是一個(gè)永無(wú)止境的過(guò)程。(1分)
(2)辯證的否定是既肯定又否定,既克服又保留,實(shí)質(zhì)是“揚(yáng)棄”。追求真理的過(guò)程就是要克服過(guò)去認(rèn)識(shí)中不合理的消極因素,而不是簡(jiǎn)單地否定一切。那些經(jīng)過(guò)實(shí)踐反復(fù)檢驗(yàn)的,已經(jīng)確定的真理并沒(méi)有被推翻,而是不斷地向前發(fā)展。(4分)
因此,辨題的觀點(diǎn)是片面的。(1分)w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
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2009年高考5月政治沖刺資料(2)
――《政治生活》辨析題精選
38.(2009年深圳市高三年級(jí)第二次調(diào)研考試)(11分)人民享有廣泛的民主權(quán)利,是我國(guó)社會(huì)主義民主政治的特點(diǎn)和優(yōu)勢(shì)。
38、答:⑴我國(guó)是人民民主專政的社會(huì)主義國(guó)家,國(guó)家的一切權(quán)力屬于人民,人民當(dāng)家作主是通過(guò)人民享有廣泛的民主權(quán)利來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的,這是我國(guó)社會(huì)主義民主政治的特點(diǎn)和優(yōu)勢(shì)。題中觀點(diǎn)肯定了這一點(diǎn),有其合理性。(4分)
⑵在我國(guó),黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、人們當(dāng)家作主、依法治國(guó)是有機(jī)統(tǒng)一的,這也是我國(guó)社會(huì)主義民主政治特點(diǎn)和優(yōu)勢(shì)的重要表現(xiàn)。黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是人們當(dāng)家作主和依法治國(guó)的根本保證;人們當(dāng)家作主是社會(huì)主義民主政治的本質(zhì)和核心;依法治國(guó)是黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民治理國(guó)家的基本方略。(3分)
⑶我國(guó)社會(huì)主義民主政治的特點(diǎn)和優(yōu)勢(shì)還表現(xiàn)為民主內(nèi)容和形式的統(tǒng)一。即真實(shí)性內(nèi)容和多樣性形式的統(tǒng)一,公民權(quán)利與義務(wù)的統(tǒng)一。(3分)
可見(jiàn),題中觀點(diǎn)忽視了“兩個(gè)統(tǒng)一”,因而是片面的。(1分)
37.(2009佛山2模11分)辨題:政府只要履行好經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)職能,就能讓全體人民共享改革發(fā)展成果。
37.答案要點(diǎn):
(1)我國(guó)政府是人民意旨的執(zhí)行者和人民利益的捍衛(wèi)者,是國(guó)家權(quán)力機(jī)關(guān)的執(zhí)行機(jī)關(guān),在經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)中負(fù)有重要職能,以促進(jìn)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,提高生產(chǎn)力水平和人民生活水平。故題中說(shuō)法有一定的合理性。(3分)
(2)要讓全體人民共享改革發(fā)展成果,還需要政府切實(shí)履行政治、文化和社會(huì)公共服務(wù)職能,對(duì)人民負(fù)責(zé),科學(xué)、民主決策,依法行政,自覺(jué)接受監(jiān)督,全面提高管理與服務(wù)水平。(3分)
(3)要讓全體人民共享改革發(fā)展成果,還需要堅(jiān)持黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和完善黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)方式和執(zhí)政方式,堅(jiān)持科學(xué)執(zhí)政、民主執(zhí)政、依法執(zhí)政。(2分)
(4)公民是權(quán)利與義務(wù)的主體,不僅有“共享”的權(quán)利,更有“共建”的義務(wù)。(2分)
總之,要讓全體人民共享改革發(fā)展成果,需要黨、需要政府,也需要公民等多方面的共同努力,題中觀點(diǎn)是片面的。(1分)
38. (2009年廣州市普通高中畢業(yè)班綜合測(cè)試二)(11分)辨析:國(guó)家合作取決于各國(guó)的國(guó)家利益。
38. 答案要點(diǎn):(11分)
(1)國(guó)家利益是國(guó)家生存和發(fā)展的權(quán)益,是國(guó)際關(guān)系的決定性因素。維護(hù)國(guó)家利益是主權(quán)國(guó)家對(duì)外活動(dòng)的出發(fā)點(diǎn)和落腳點(diǎn)。因此,國(guó)家合作取決于各國(guó)的國(guó)家利益,具有合理性。(4分)
(2)各國(guó)存在著復(fù)雜的利益關(guān)系,既存在著某些共同利益,也存在著利益差別乃至對(duì)立。國(guó)家間的共同利益是國(guó)家合作的基礎(chǔ)。(4分)
(3)考慮國(guó)與國(guó)之間的關(guān)系主要應(yīng)該從國(guó)家自身的戰(zhàn)略利益出發(fā),同時(shí)也應(yīng)尊重對(duì)方的正當(dāng)利益,維護(hù)各國(guó)人民的共同利益。任何國(guó)家都不應(yīng)以維護(hù)本國(guó)國(guó)家利益為理由,侵犯別國(guó)的主權(quán)和安全,干涉別國(guó)的內(nèi)政。(3分)
38. (09年茂名一模)建設(shè)服務(wù)型政府就是政府應(yīng)該為公民服務(wù),并讓公民感到滿意。
38. 答案要點(diǎn):(1)服務(wù)型政府是指一個(gè)能夠公正、透明、高效地為公眾和全社會(huì)提供優(yōu)質(zhì)公共產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的政府。我國(guó)的政府是人民利益的執(zhí)行者和捍衛(wèi)者,是人民的政府,在新的形勢(shì)下必須轉(zhuǎn)變政府職能,建設(shè)服務(wù)型政府。這要求政府及其工作人員必須牢固樹(shù)立為人民服務(wù)的思想,端正為人民服務(wù)的工作態(tài)度,關(guān)注民生,體察民情,尊重民意,真正做到便民利民。(6分)
(2)政府一方面在提供公共服務(wù)的同時(shí),也要履行對(duì)社會(huì)進(jìn)行管理的職能,把該管的事情管好。同時(shí)公民也應(yīng)該相信政府,學(xué)會(huì)尋求政府的幫助。(3分)
(3)因此,政府不是什么事情都管,應(yīng)該做到不越位、不缺位、不錯(cuò)位,增強(qiáng)服務(wù)。該辨題是不科學(xué)的。(2分)
37. (佛山市2009年普通高中高三教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)一) (11分)黨的十七人報(bào)告明確指出:“確保權(quán)力正確行使,必須讓權(quán)力在陽(yáng)光下運(yùn)行”。推行政務(wù)公開(kāi)、打造陽(yáng)光政府已是人勢(shì)所趨。
辨題:打造陽(yáng)光政府是中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨堅(jiān)持民主執(zhí)政的重要內(nèi)容。
37.答案要點(diǎn):
(1)中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨堅(jiān)持民主執(zhí)政,就是為人民執(zhí)政,靠人民執(zhí)政,支持和保證人氏當(dāng)家作主,堅(jiān)持和完善人民民主專政,堅(jiān)持和完善民主集中制,以發(fā)展黨內(nèi)民主帶動(dòng)人民民主,壯大最廣泛的愛(ài)國(guó)統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線。(3分)
(2)自覺(jué)接受人民監(jiān)督是法治政府的基本要求,通過(guò)建立信息公開(kāi)制度利公開(kāi)辦事制度等措施來(lái)打造陽(yáng)光政府,有利于提高政府工作的透明度,增強(qiáng)政府的群眾意識(shí)和服務(wù)意識(shí),從而維護(hù)群眾利益和社會(huì)穩(wěn)定。這與中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨堅(jiān)持民主執(zhí)政的本質(zhì)是統(tǒng)一的。(4分)
(3)中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨是中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義事業(yè)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)核心,始終發(fā)揮總攬全局、協(xié)調(diào)各方的作用。我國(guó)政府是住中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)卜的國(guó)家行政機(jī)關(guān),是國(guó)家權(quán)力機(jī)關(guān)的執(zhí)行機(jī)關(guān),兩者有著本質(zhì)的區(qū)別。(3分)
(4)題目的觀點(diǎn)把打造剛光政府與黨的吣主執(zhí)政混為一談,是不科學(xué)的。(1分)
38. (珠海市2009年高三年級(jí)第二次調(diào)研考試)公民只有負(fù)責(zé)地行使監(jiān)督權(quán)利,才能有效防止我國(guó)行政機(jī)關(guān)權(quán)力的缺失和濫用。
38.答:(1)公民監(jiān)督權(quán)是指公民有監(jiān)督一切國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)和國(guó)家工人員的權(quán)利,它包括批評(píng)權(quán)、建議權(quán)、檢舉權(quán)、申訴權(quán)和控告權(quán)等,公民監(jiān)督權(quán)的范圍是包括對(duì)政府機(jī)關(guān)在內(nèi)的一切國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)。公民負(fù)責(zé)地行使監(jiān)督權(quán),有利于改進(jìn)我國(guó)政府機(jī)關(guān)及其工作人員的工作,有助于防止其權(quán)力的缺失和濫用。(2分)(2)我國(guó)政府是國(guó)家權(quán)力機(jī)關(guān)的執(zhí)行機(jī)關(guān),是國(guó)家行政機(jī)關(guān)。要防止政府權(quán)力的缺失和濫用,需要建立健全監(jiān)督和制約機(jī)制。(2分)要建立這種機(jī)制,一靠民主,二靠法制,兩者缺一不可,即發(fā)揮人民民主對(duì)權(quán)力的制約和監(jiān)督,要切實(shí)保障廣大人民的知情權(quán)、參與權(quán)、表達(dá)權(quán)和監(jiān)督權(quán),使人民能夠有效地監(jiān)督政府權(quán)力的運(yùn)行。(2分)還要加強(qiáng)法制對(duì)權(quán)力的制約和監(jiān)督,我國(guó)依照憲法和法律已初步建立起全面的行政監(jiān)督體系。(2分)(3)政府權(quán)力的行使包括決策、執(zhí)行、監(jiān)督等形式。因此,為了防止政府權(quán)力的缺失和濫用,政府機(jī)關(guān)必須堅(jiān)持民主決策,堅(jiān)持依法行政,主動(dòng)接受人民的監(jiān)督,接受人大、政協(xié)、中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨和社會(huì)團(tuán)體等的監(jiān)督。(2分)
綜上分析可見(jiàn),題中觀點(diǎn)具有片面性。(1分)
38. (廣東省江門市2009年高考第二次模擬考試)(11分)
辨析:加強(qiáng)輿論對(duì)政府的監(jiān)督,就能打造陽(yáng)光政府,增強(qiáng)政府工作的透明度。
38.答:(1)輿論監(jiān)督以其透明度高、威力大、影響廣、時(shí)效快等特點(diǎn),在對(duì)政府及其工作人員的監(jiān)督中發(fā)揮著獨(dú)特的作用。正是在輿論的推動(dòng)下,才使得“躲貓貓”事件被迅速查明真相。(2分)
(2)加強(qiáng)輿論監(jiān)督,有利于防止政府權(quán)力的缺失和濫用。在輿論的推動(dòng)下,云南省公安廳還原事件的真相,有利于打造陽(yáng)光政府,增強(qiáng)政府工作的透明度。某監(jiān)獄隱瞞事件真相,不利于群眾維護(hù)自己的合法權(quán)益,化解社會(huì)矛盾,維護(hù)社會(huì)穩(wěn)定。(3分)
(3)要打造陽(yáng)光政府,除了要加強(qiáng)輿論監(jiān)督外,還要健全行政監(jiān)督體系,加強(qiáng)人大監(jiān)督、政協(xié)監(jiān)督、司法監(jiān)督、中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨的監(jiān)督等。此外,還要建立和完善對(duì)權(quán)力的制約和監(jiān)督機(jī)制,這個(gè)機(jī)制,一靠民主,二靠法制。(3分)
(4)打造陽(yáng)光政府還必須加強(qiáng)政府自身的建設(shè),在決策、執(zhí)行、監(jiān)督環(huán)節(jié)都要大力實(shí)施“陽(yáng)光工程”。目前, 我國(guó)政府為了方便人民群眾對(duì)政府及其公職人員進(jìn)行監(jiān)督,建立了政務(wù)信息公開(kāi)制度和公開(kāi)辦事制度,這是打造陽(yáng)光政府的重大舉措。(3分)
38 、(惠州市2009 屆高三第二次模擬考試)(l1 分)溫家寶總理在聯(lián)合國(guó)千年發(fā)展目標(biāo)高級(jí)別會(huì)議發(fā)言時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào):中國(guó)歷屆政府都奉行獨(dú)立自主的和平外交政策,我國(guó)不會(huì),也沒(méi)有精力大舉對(duì)外擴(kuò)張。在對(duì)應(yīng)金融危機(jī)中,我國(guó)愿意與各國(guó)通力合作,迎接挑戰(zhàn)”。
辨題:我國(guó)的國(guó)家性質(zhì)不變,我國(guó)的外交政策也不變。
答案:(1)外交政策是國(guó)家性質(zhì)和國(guó)家利益在國(guó)家對(duì)外關(guān)系中的反映,是實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)家對(duì)外職能的手段。我國(guó)的國(guó)家性質(zhì)和國(guó)家利益決定了我國(guó)奉行獨(dú)立自主的和平外交政策。(2分)
(2)我國(guó)的國(guó)家性質(zhì)決定我國(guó)外交政策的性質(zhì),我國(guó)是人民民主專政的社會(huì)主義國(guó)家,決定了我國(guó)歷屆政府奉行獨(dú)立自主的和平外交政策,中國(guó)永遠(yuǎn)不稱霸,中國(guó)的發(fā)展不會(huì)威脅任何國(guó)家,中國(guó)堅(jiān)決走和平發(fā)展道路。(4分)
(3)我國(guó)的國(guó)家利益決定我國(guó)外交政策的內(nèi)容。我國(guó)的國(guó)家性質(zhì)不變,決定了我國(guó)外交政策的性質(zhì)不會(huì)變,但由于國(guó)家利益的變化,我國(guó)的外交政策的內(nèi)容也會(huì)隨之變化。在全球金融危機(jī)沖擊下,中國(guó)也不能獨(dú)善其身,中國(guó)愿意在金融、貿(mào)易、關(guān)稅等政策方面做出有利的調(diào)整,促進(jìn)與各國(guó)的通力合作,大家共同迎接挑戰(zhàn)。(4分)
(4)辯題認(rèn)為我國(guó)的國(guó)家性質(zhì)不變,我國(guó)的外交政策也不變是不科學(xué)的。(1分)
38.(揭陽(yáng)市2009年高中畢業(yè)班第二次高考模擬考試)(11分)
辨析:只有問(wèn)政于民,才能提高政府的決策水平和依法行政水平。
38. 答案要點(diǎn):
(1)政府的重大決策牽涉社會(huì)各階層的利益,決策是否科學(xué)、合理,至關(guān)重要。信息是決策的基礎(chǔ),民意是正確決策重要的信息資源。政府問(wèn)政于民,有利于拓寬民意反映渠道,是決策機(jī)關(guān)科學(xué)決策的重要前提。(3分)
(2)公民通過(guò)各種渠道、采用多種方式參與決策過(guò)程,是推進(jìn)決策科學(xué)化、民主化的重要環(huán)節(jié)。政府必須審慎行使權(quán)力,堅(jiān)持科學(xué)決策、民主決策。我國(guó)政府正在推進(jìn)決策科學(xué)化、民主化建設(shè),以提高決策水平。題中認(rèn)為“只有問(wèn)政于民,才能提高政府的決策水平”是不全面的。(3分)
(3)提高政府依法行政的水平,要加強(qiáng)立法工作,提高立法質(zhì)量,以嚴(yán)格規(guī)范行政執(zhí)法行為。加強(qiáng)行政執(zhí)法隊(duì)伍建設(shè),促進(jìn)嚴(yán)格執(zhí)法、公正執(zhí)法和文明執(zhí)法,不斷提高執(zhí)法能力和水平。深化行政管理體制改革,努力形成權(quán)責(zé)一致、分工合理、決策科學(xué)、監(jiān)督有力的行政管理體制。因此,題中認(rèn)為“問(wèn)政于民,有利提高政府的依法行政水平”是錯(cuò)誤的(5分)。
38.(韶關(guān)2009年高三第二次政治模擬題)(11分)2008年9月,某市全面“禁摩”。與一些城市“禁摩”不同的是,并不是一禁了之,從2007年8月開(kāi)始,該市正式接受“摩的”司機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)型就業(yè)登記,安置率達(dá)92.1%。有的“摩的”司機(jī)向政府申請(qǐng)創(chuàng)業(yè)基金,自主創(chuàng)業(yè)。
辨析:我國(guó)的政府是便民利民的政府,公民有事要找政府。
38、答案要點(diǎn):(1)我國(guó)的政府是國(guó)家權(quán)力機(jī)關(guān)的執(zhí)行機(jī)關(guān),是人民意志的執(zhí)行者和人民利益的捍衛(wèi)者。社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下,政府擔(dān)負(fù)經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)和社會(huì)公共服務(wù)等職能,政府要不斷提高行政效率,增強(qiáng)服務(wù)意識(shí),杜絕門難進(jìn)、臉難看、事難辦的現(xiàn)象。因此,公民有困難的時(shí)候要找政府。從這個(gè)方面看辨題具有合理性(5分)
(2)但政府不可能包辦一切,有些事情是辦不了的,也不該辦。例如,不能代他們創(chuàng)業(yè)。政府要做到不缺位、不越位、不錯(cuò)位。(2分)
(3)作為公民,應(yīng)該主要依靠自身努力去克服困難,同時(shí)還要學(xué)會(huì)從所在單位、社會(huì)團(tuán)體等方面得到幫助,通過(guò)司法等途徑解決困難和問(wèn)題。(3分)
(4)因此題目的觀點(diǎn)是片面的(1分)
38.(2009屆廣東省湛江市二模) (11分)十七屆三中全會(huì)審議通過(guò)了《中共中央關(guān)于推進(jìn)農(nóng)村改革發(fā)展若干重大問(wèn)題的決定》。有人認(rèn)為,當(dāng)前深化農(nóng)村改革,必須選好村的領(lǐng)頭人,要有好的村長(zhǎng)。
辨析:村民選舉村長(zhǎng)的權(quán)利是公民的基本權(quán)利,選舉權(quán)就是選舉村民委員會(huì)、居民委員會(huì)的權(quán)利。
38.答案要點(diǎn): (1)我國(guó)《選舉法》規(guī)定,公民的選舉權(quán)就是指公民依法享有的選舉國(guó)家權(quán)力機(jī)關(guān)代表的權(quán)利。在我國(guó),憲法規(guī)定國(guó)家的一切權(quán)力屬于人民。選舉權(quán)與被選舉權(quán)是公民的基本政治權(quán)利。公民通過(guò)選舉,挑選自己滿意和信賴的代表組成國(guó)家權(quán)力機(jī)關(guān),讓他們代表人民行使參與管理國(guó)家事務(wù)的權(quán)力。(5分)
(2)村民委員會(huì)、居民委員會(huì)是村民、居民自我管理、自我教育、自我服務(wù)的基層群眾性自治組織,不具有國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)性質(zhì)。 (3分)我國(guó)的村民、居民通過(guò)村委會(huì)、居委會(huì)實(shí)行村民自治、居民自治,逐步增強(qiáng)民主意識(shí),養(yǎng)成了民主習(xí)慣,學(xué)會(huì)了民主管理,提高了參與管理國(guó)家、社會(huì)事務(wù)的能力。(2分)
因此,辨題的觀點(diǎn)是錯(cuò)誤的(1分)w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
www.ks5u.com
2009年高考5月政治沖刺資料(1)
――《文化生活》簡(jiǎn)答題精選
37.(2009年深圳市高三年級(jí)第二次調(diào)研考試)(10分)閱讀漫畫,運(yùn)用《文化生活》知識(shí),回答下列問(wèn)題:
(1)漫畫《打掃》反映了當(dāng)前文化市場(chǎng)中什么文化現(xiàn)象?(2分)
(2)針對(duì)上述文化現(xiàn)象,你認(rèn)為應(yīng)該如何凈化當(dāng)前的文化環(huán)境?(8分)
37、答:(1)文化市場(chǎng)存在低俗之風(fēng)。(2分)(考生從其他角度回答,只要言之有理,也可適當(dāng)給分。)
(2)凈化當(dāng)前的文化環(huán)境,應(yīng)該:
①建設(shè)社會(huì)主義精神文明,大力推進(jìn)社會(huì)主義文化大發(fā)展大繁榮。(2分)(或:用社會(huì)主義核心價(jià)值體系引領(lǐng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳媒等思想文化陣地,唱響思想文化的主旋律。也給2分)
②政府等有關(guān)部門要加強(qiáng)對(duì)文化市場(chǎng)的管理和引導(dǎo),規(guī)范文化市場(chǎng)秩序。(2分)(或:大力發(fā)展先進(jìn)文化,支持健康有益文化,提供多種類型、多樣風(fēng)格的文化產(chǎn)品,滿足人們對(duì)文化的多層次、多樣化和多方面的需求。也給2分)
③網(wǎng)絡(luò)、電視媒體等文化從業(yè)人員和單位要加強(qiáng)行業(yè)自律,創(chuàng)建文明行業(yè)。(2分)
④作為公民,要不斷加強(qiáng)科學(xué)文化修養(yǎng)和思想道德修養(yǎng),自覺(jué)抵制低俗文化的影響。(2分)
36.(2009佛山2模10分)
除夕之夜,父親按去年的“價(jià)碼”給女兒發(fā)壓歲錢,卻被女兒無(wú)情退了回來(lái)。理山是:壓歲錢未與GDP實(shí)現(xiàn)同步增長(zhǎng)。七天后,父親在加碼的情況下再發(fā)壓歲錢,不料女兒又提出要加收50元的滯納金。
運(yùn)用《文化生活》的知識(shí),簡(jiǎn)要回答下列問(wèn)題。
(1)簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)明發(fā)壓歲錢是什么文化現(xiàn)象?(4分)
(2)如何看待材料中女兒行為的不合理之處?(6分)
36.答案要點(diǎn):
(1)發(fā)壓歲錢是我國(guó)的一種傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗。傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗是指在一定社會(huì)群體中約定俗成、世代相傳的風(fēng)尚、禮節(jié)和習(xí)慣,對(duì)人們的物質(zhì)生活和精神生活產(chǎn)生持久的影響,是傳統(tǒng)文化的基本形式之一。(4分)
(2)①材料中女兒的行為錯(cuò)誤地把市場(chǎng)規(guī)則照搬到道德領(lǐng)域中來(lái),是不可取的。(2分)
②她應(yīng)該正確對(duì)待我國(guó)傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗,崇尚家庭美德,加強(qiáng)思想道德修養(yǎng),大力弘揚(yáng)社會(huì)主義榮辱觀。在遵守基本道德規(guī)范的基礎(chǔ)上,不斷追求更高的思想道德目標(biāo),不斷改造個(gè)人的主觀世界,以形成立確的世界觀、人生觀、價(jià)值觀。(4分)
37. (珠海市2009年高三年級(jí)第二次調(diào)研考試)
(10分)看漫畫,運(yùn)用文化生活知識(shí)回答下列問(wèn)題:
(1)右邊漫畫反映了社會(huì)生活中的什么問(wèn)題?(2分)
(2)請(qǐng)談?wù)勀銓?duì)上述問(wèn)題的看法。(8分)
37. 答案要點(diǎn):(1)漫畫反映了我國(guó)目前某些高考考生把高考與就業(yè)對(duì)立起來(lái)的錯(cuò)誤看法,因?yàn)榇髮W(xué)生就業(yè)難的問(wèn)題,而放棄參加高考,放棄繼續(xù)接受教育和繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì)。(2分)
(2)①受教育既是公民的基本權(quán)利,也是公民的基本義務(wù)。作為我國(guó)公民積極參加高考,爭(zhēng)取機(jī)會(huì)接受高等教育,是每個(gè)公民依法享有的權(quán)利。(1分)②社會(huì)發(fā)展和人的發(fā)展是相互結(jié)合、相互促進(jìn)的。人的全面發(fā)展對(duì)社會(huì)的進(jìn)步具有巨大的促進(jìn)作用。人的全面發(fā)展包含思想道德素質(zhì)、科學(xué)文化素質(zhì)和健康素質(zhì)。積極參加高考,不放棄繼續(xù)接受高等教育的機(jī)會(huì),有利于自身素質(zhì)的全面提高。在當(dāng)今社會(huì),學(xué)習(xí)、工作和生活是相互交融,緊密聯(lián)系的,努力提高自身素質(zhì),有利于就業(yè)和創(chuàng)業(yè),有利于提高自身的生活質(zhì)量,從而,為我國(guó)全面小康社會(huì)建設(shè)作出更大的貢獻(xiàn)。(3分)③不放棄繼續(xù)深造的機(jī)會(huì)是建設(shè)“學(xué)習(xí)型社會(huì)”的需要。學(xué)習(xí)不僅是一種美德,而且已成為人們實(shí)際生活的“第一需要”。高等教育不是我們學(xué)習(xí)的唯一途徑,但為我們繼續(xù)深造,全面提高個(gè)人素質(zhì)提供了難得機(jī)會(huì)。(2分)④積極接受高等教育也是提高我國(guó)國(guó)民素質(zhì)的需要。一個(gè)國(guó)家國(guó)民整體素質(zhì)的高低是反映一個(gè)國(guó)家文明進(jìn)步的重要指標(biāo),也是提高我國(guó)文化軟實(shí)力的重要內(nèi)容,因此,努力爭(zhēng)取機(jī)會(huì)接受高等教育,是具有現(xiàn)代公民責(zé)任意識(shí)的具體體現(xiàn)。(2分)
37.(廣東省江門市2009年高考第二次模擬考試)(10分)目前,在一些邊遠(yuǎn)的山村,農(nóng)民依然過(guò)著“早上聽(tīng)雞叫,白天聽(tīng)鳥(niǎo)叫,晚上聽(tīng)狗叫”的日子。一些地方電視進(jìn)了農(nóng)家,電視內(nèi)容卻不姓“農(nóng)”;文娛節(jié)目年年新,農(nóng)村文娛活動(dòng)卻一年更比一年少;農(nóng)民群眾精神空虛,邪教、迷信泛濫農(nóng)村;傳統(tǒng)文化生活日漸失落,民間文藝后繼無(wú)人,這是當(dāng)前一些農(nóng)村文化生活的真實(shí)寫照。
請(qǐng)運(yùn)用《文化生活》的相關(guān)知識(shí),簡(jiǎn)析當(dāng)前應(yīng)如何促進(jìn)我國(guó)農(nóng)村文化的繁榮發(fā)展?
37.(10分)答:(1)促進(jìn)農(nóng)村文化的繁榮發(fā)展,要牢牢把握先進(jìn)文化的前進(jìn)方向,扎實(shí)開(kāi)展社會(huì)主義核心價(jià)值體系建設(shè)。改變農(nóng)村目前的邪教、賭博等不良之風(fēng)。(3分)
(2)促進(jìn)農(nóng)村文化繁榮發(fā)展,要加強(qiáng)農(nóng)村社會(huì)主義精神文明建設(shè)。普及科學(xué)知識(shí),弘揚(yáng)科學(xué)精神,尊重科學(xué),反對(duì)迷信。同時(shí)大力保護(hù)優(yōu)秀民間藝術(shù),支持農(nóng)村文化產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展。(3分)
(3)促進(jìn)農(nóng)村文化繁榮發(fā)展,要大力發(fā)展廣大農(nóng)民群眾所喜聞樂(lè)見(jiàn)的文化。努力貼近實(shí)際、貼近生活、貼近群眾,創(chuàng)新內(nèi)容、創(chuàng)新形式、創(chuàng)新手段。(2分)
(4)促進(jìn)農(nóng)村文化繁榮發(fā)展,要立足于發(fā)展中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義的偉大實(shí)踐,依靠廣大農(nóng)民群眾,充分發(fā)揮農(nóng)民群眾的積極性、主動(dòng)性和創(chuàng)造性。(2分)
(注:若學(xué)生答“經(jīng)濟(jì)決定文化,國(guó)家應(yīng)加大投入,為農(nóng)村的文化建設(shè)提供必要的物質(zhì)保障,如實(shí)施家電下鄉(xiāng)工程等”,可酌情加1-2分,但該問(wèn)總分不超過(guò)10分)
37 、(惠州市2009 屆高三第二次模擬考試)(10 分)看漫畫,運(yùn)用《 文化生活》 的知識(shí)回答下列問(wèn)題。
給互聯(lián)網(wǎng)打掃衛(wèi)生
(1)你從漫畫中得到什么啟示?(4分)
(2)我們?cè)鯓尤ネ苿?dòng)社會(huì)主義文化的大繁榮大發(fā)展?(6分)
答案:(1)我們要整頓互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的低俗之風(fēng),凈化網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間。我們要明辨是非、善惡、美丑,踐行社會(huì)主義榮辱觀,在全社會(huì)扶正祛邪、揚(yáng)善懲惡,引領(lǐng)良好風(fēng)尚的形成和發(fā)展。我們要提高辨別不同性質(zhì)文化的能力,拒絕不良文化的污染。我們要大力發(fā)展先進(jìn)文化,支持健康有益文化,努力改造落后文化,堅(jiān)決抵制腐朽文化。(4分)
(2)①推動(dòng)社會(huì)主義文化的大繁榮大發(fā)展,必須堅(jiān)持以馬克思主義為指導(dǎo),用社會(huì)主義核心價(jià)值體系引領(lǐng)社會(huì)思潮,既尊重差異、包容多樣,又要有力抵制各種錯(cuò)誤和腐朽思想的影響,不斷增強(qiáng)社會(huì)主義意識(shí)形態(tài)的吸引力和注意力。(3分)②要正確處理繼承與創(chuàng)新的關(guān)系,全面認(rèn)識(shí)中華傳統(tǒng)文化,既要取其精華,去其糟粕,保持民族性,又要發(fā)展創(chuàng)新,體現(xiàn)時(shí)代性,增強(qiáng)文化發(fā)展活力。(1分)③要面向世界、博采眾長(zhǎng),吸收和借鑒一切先進(jìn)的文化成果,增強(qiáng)中華文化的國(guó)際影響力。(1分)④要進(jìn)一步培育和弘揚(yáng)中華民族精神(1分)(其它答案言之有理可以酌情給分,但本小題得分不能超過(guò)6分。)
37.(揭陽(yáng)市2009年高中畢業(yè)班第二次高考模擬考試)2008年我們經(jīng)歷了太多的悲喜。然而,這個(gè)年度給我們的記憶不僅僅是悲傷或欣喜,還包括一種頑強(qiáng)向上生長(zhǎng)的力量--在地震的陣痛中,我們重新認(rèn)識(shí)了自己的不屈和堅(jiān)韌;在奧運(yùn)夢(mèng)圓那一刻,在太空漫步那一瞬間,我們?cè)俅胃惺艿街腥A民族的自信和自強(qiáng);在金融風(fēng)暴、奶粉事件等危機(jī)席卷而來(lái)的時(shí)候,我們更正視到了肩頭的責(zé)任和擔(dān)當(dāng)。歷史將會(huì)記載2008中國(guó)不平凡經(jīng)歷。
運(yùn)用《文化生活》的知識(shí),簡(jiǎn)要回答下列問(wèn)題。(10分)
(1)2008中國(guó)不平凡經(jīng)歷,見(jiàn)證了中華民族怎樣的精神?
(2)我們應(yīng)該怎樣弘揚(yáng)和培育這種精神?
37.(10分)答案要點(diǎn):
鞍山市2009年高三畢業(yè)班第二次質(zhì)量調(diào)查
英 語(yǔ)
本試卷分第一卷 (選擇題)和第二卷(非選擇題)。總分150分,考試時(shí)間為120
分鐘?忌(qǐng)將答案答在答題卡上,在本試卷上答題無(wú)效?荚嚱Y(jié)束后,將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。
第一部分:聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié),每小題1.5分, 滿分30分)
第一節(jié) (共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)
聽(tīng)下列5段對(duì)話,每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A,B,C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng),并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后,你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一個(gè)小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。
1. How much was the driver`s tip?
A.$3.5 B.$
2. What does the woman mean?
A. She definitely wants to know about the meeting.
B. She would like to let him know about the next meeting.
C. She will give him a call to ask about the next meeting.
3. Where does the conversation take place?
A.At a hairdresser`s B. At a tailor`s C.At a photographer`s
4. What does the woman mean?
A.Jack has been on the paper for several days.
B.Jack is working hard on the paper.
C.He works only during the day.
5. What does the woman mean?
A.The paper must be handed in on time.
B.His request was made too late.
C.The paper can be handed in a few days late.
第二節(jié)(共15小題每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)
聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng),并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前,你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。
聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話,回答第6至8兩個(gè)小題,F(xiàn)在,你有15秒鐘的時(shí)間閱讀這三個(gè)小題。
6.Why is the man going to the States?
A.to visit places of interest
B.to visit his friends
C.to attend a conference
7.When will the man leave for American?
A.in two weeks B.in mid-January C.on January 10th
8.What is the man?
A.a scientist B.a writer C.a traveler
聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話,回答第9至10兩個(gè)小題,F(xiàn)在,你有15秒鐘的時(shí)間閱讀這三個(gè)小題。
9.Which month is it most likely now?
A.January B.March C.June
10.Which season was the best season last year?
A.Spring B.Summer C.Autumn
聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話,回答第11至13兩個(gè)小題。現(xiàn)在,你有15秒鐘的時(shí)間閱讀這三個(gè)小題。
11.What are the man and the woman doing?
A.They are climbing the mountain.
B.They are playing basketball.
C.They are going down hill.
12.What happened to the man?
A.He has sprained(扭傷) his left ankle(腳踝).
B.He has sprained his right ankle.
C.He has sprained his waist.
13.What is the woman`s message?
A.be relaxed B.stop walking and relax C.sit down and rest
聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話,回答第14至17三小題,F(xiàn)在,你有15秒鐘的時(shí)間閱讀這三個(gè)小題。
14.Why does the woman refuse to exchange the shoes for the man?
A.The man has kept the shoes for a week.
B.The man had no receipt for the shoes.
C.There is a sign reading no exchange after the shoes are sold.
15.What causes the woman to turn down refunding(退還) the man?
A.her manager`s order
B.her unknowing the price
C.her unknowing whose fault it is
16.Why does the man think it isn`t his fault?
A.because the shoes must be made badly
B.because the shoes must have been used before he bought them.
C.because he just wore the shoes for one time and then they were broken.
17.When did the man buy that pair of shoes?
A.last week B.last weekend C.yesterday
聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話,回答第18至20三個(gè)小題,F(xiàn)在,你有15秒鐘的時(shí)間閱讀這三個(gè)小題。
18.What does the passage talk about?
A.selling a house B.doing housework C.losing a job
19.Why did the speaker sell her house?
A.Her husand had got a higher position.
B.Her husband had lost his job.
C.She wanted to have a cleaner house.
20.Why did the agent call on the speaker so early in the morning?
A.His telephone went out of order.
B.The buyers had to leave soon.
C.He began to work at 8 a.m.
第二部分:英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié),滿分45分)
第一節(jié):?jiǎn)雾?xiàng)填空(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)
21.Journalism is described as __________science of searching, recording, and reporting_________ important events.
A. a;the B. a; / C. /; / D. /;the
22.The teacher thought his students needed more practice and learning skills _______ much homework.
A. other than B. rather than C. more than D. in place of
23.We are given a three-day holiday for May Day, but Harry is given ________ for his excellent work as a reward. That is, he has a six days’ holiday.
A. another three day B. other three days C. three more days D. three days
24. The prices of many kinds of the computers ______ quickly these days.
A. are raising B. rises C. raise D. are going up
25.The child, who was believed ___ by a tiger, was found in a forest.
A. to be killed B. having killed C. to have been killed D. to be killing
26.When I was having my holiday abroad, those children kept quarrelling and _______ my fun.
A. destroyed B. damaged C. injured D. spoiled
27.________ I met him, he was working as a secretary in a big company.
A.For the first time B. The first time
C. The first time when D. When the first time
28.If the person agrees,we sometimes use small recorders to make sure that we get all our facts straight.
A.interviewed B.being interviewed C.interviewing D.to be interviewed
29.―Sam, it's too late. Our daughter ________ be back.
―Don't be anxious. I dare say she ________ have some extra work to do.
A. can; must B. will; might C. should; must D. must; may
30. Mary’s gold ring _______ from her mother as a gift for her wedding.
A. came from B. came into C. came down D. came over
31. ______ production up by 40% , the company is certain to earn a lot this year.
A As B For C With D Though
32.― ______ was ________ they were going to San Francisco?
―Next week.
A. What; it that B. It; what C. When; that D. When; it that
33.―Well, where is my watch?
―_______! We just have two minutes left.
A. Take your time B. Come on C. Don't worry D. Take it easy
34. The old farmer has two sons, _________has got a job in the town and refused to do farming.
A.each of whom B.both of who C.all of them D. each of them
35. _______ has been done to prevent the factories from polluting the river, it remains a serious problem.
A. Though that B. What C. Though what D. Despite what
第二節(jié):完形填空(共20小題;每小題1.5分,滿分30分)
A weak old man went to live with his son,daughter-in-law, and four-year-old grandson. The family ate together at the table. But, the elderly grandfather`s 36 hands and failing sight made 37 difficult. Peas rolled off his spoon and food 38 onto the floor. When he held a glass, with his shaky hands, milk 39 on the tablecloth. His son and daughter-in-law became angry about the 40 .So, they put a small 41 in the corner. There Grandfather ate 42 , while the rest of the family enjoyed dinner together. 43 Grandfather had broken a dish or two, his food was served in a 44 bowl. When the family 45 in Grandfather`s direction, sometimes the old man had tears in his eyes. 46 ,the only words the couple had for him were 47 warnings, when he 48 a fork or spilt food. The four-year-old grandson watched it all in 49 .
One evening, before supper, the father noticed his son playing with wood pieces on the floor. He asked the child 50 , “What are you making?” Just as sweetly, the boy responded, “Oh, I am making little 51 for you and Mama to eat your food from when I grow up.” The four-year-old son smiled and went back to work.
The words so 52 the parents that they were speechless. Then tears started to stream down their cheeks. That evening, the husband took Grandfather`s hand and 53 led him back to the family table, and for rest of his 54 , he ate every meal with the family. And, for some reason, neither husband nor wife seemed to 55 any longer when a fork was dropped, or milk spilt.
36. A. shaky B.rough C. tough D. large
37. A. talking B.sleeping C.eating D.walking
38. A.spread B.rained C.lay D.covered
39. A.fell B.poured C.flowed D.spilt
40. A.trouble B.mess C.scene D.action
41. A.chair B.bench C.bed D.table
42. A.alone B.slowly C.carefully D.little
43. A.Though B.Because C.While D.Once
44. A.glass B.iron C.golden D.wooden
45. A.glanced B.turned C.moved D.pointed
46. A.Then B.Therefore C.Besides D.However
47. A.valuable B.sharp C.useless D.high
48. A.broke B.brought C.dropped D.touched
49. A.silence B.joy C.amusement D.disappointing
50. A.curiously B.quietly C.angrily D.sweetly
51. A.boxes B.bowls C.tools D.toys
52. A.puzzled B.moved C.struck D.frightened
53. A.gently B.quickly C.actually D.happily
54. A.meal B.days C.stay D.belongings
55. A.worry B.notice C.shout D.care
第三部分:閱讀理解(共20小題;每小題2分,滿分40分)
第一節(jié) (共15小題;每小題2分,滿分30分)
A
A man accused of failing to return more than 700 children’s books to five different libraries in the county was released(釋放) from prison after a book publisher agreed to post his bond(保釋金)of $1,000.The publisher said.“There’s a story here.This is a man who loves books.He just can’t let go of them.He hasn’t stolen a single book.So what’s the crime ? We think that Mr Banish has story to tell.We plan to publish his story.”
When asked why he didn’t return the books. Mr Banish said,”Well,how could I ? They became family to me.I was afraid to return them,because I knew that kids or dogs would get hold of these books and chew them up,throw them around,tear the pages,spill soda on them,get jelly and jelly on them,and drown them in the toilet.
He continued,“Books are people,too! They talk to you,they take care of you,and they enrich you with wisdom,humor and love.A book is a guest in my home.How could I kick it out? I repaired torn pages.I dusted them with a soft clean cloth.I turned their pages so they could breathe and get some fresh air.”
“Every week I recognized them on their shelves so they could meet new friends,My books were HAPPY books.You could tell just by looking at them.Now they’re all back in the libraries,on the lower shelves,on the floors,at the mercy of all those runny-nosed kids I can hear them calling me.I need to rescue them.Excuse me.I have to go now.”
56.Why was the man put into prison?
A.Because the book publisher persuaded the police to do so.
B.Because he stole 700 children’s books from the five different libraries.
C.Because he refused to return the books that he had borrowed.
D.Because he wanted to publish his story.
57.How did the man treat books?
A.He treated them as his family.
B.He treated them as his own children.
C.He treated them as his furniture.
D.He treated them as his job .
58.What might happen after the man was set free?
A.He might stop borrowing books.
B.He might start a library of his own.
C.He might go on borrowing books from libraries.
D.He might return all his books.
59.What is mainly talked about in this passage?
A.A funny thief who loves stealing books.
B.A person who refuses to return borrowed books and wants to look after them.
C.A person who is crazy about books so he keeps stealing them from the library.
D.A person who may have some mental problems.
B
Special trees that grow faster, fight pollution, produce better wood, and even sense chemical attacks are being planted by scientists in the US.
When 40 percent of Hawaii's US$14 million-a-year papaya (木瓜)industry was destroyed by a virus five years ago, work began on creating genetically engineered (轉(zhuǎn)基因的) trees.
Researchers successfully introduced seeds that were designed to resist the virus. Since then, more and more people have been testing genetically engineered trees.
Some researchers put special bacteria into trees to help them grow faster and produce better wood. Others are trying to create trees that can clean polluted soil.
Meanwhile fruit farmers are looking for trees that are strong enough to resist worms, and paper companies want trees that produce more wood and therefore more paper.
The Pentagon (五角大樓) even gave the researchers US$500,000 this year after they developed a pine tree that changes its colours if it senses a chemical attack.
So far, the poplar, eucalyptus (楊樹(shù)與桉樹(shù)), apple and coffee trees are among those being engineered. All this can be done today because we have a better understanding of tree genomes (基因組).
However, some people fear that the genetically engineered trees will cause dangerous results. They are worried that the new trees will breed (繁殖)with natural species and change the balance of the forest environment.
"It could be destructive," said Jim Diamond, an environmentalist. '"Trees are what is left of our natural environment and home to many endangered species."
But researchers insist that science could give nature a fighting chance against both natural and man-made dangers.
They hope to answer the critics (批評(píng)家)by stopping the new trees from breeding, so their effect on the environment can be controlled.
60. Which kind of tree is not the ones that scientists are planting in the US?
A. Trees that worms can't hurt.
B. Trees that can sense a chemical attack.
C. Trees that can resist wind better.
D. Genetically engineered trees.
61. What caused the American scientists to work on special trees directly?
A. They think science could give nature a fighting chance against both natural and man-made dangers.
B. Great numbers of trees have been lost due to attacks by viruses.
C. Researchers successfully introduced seeds designed to resist the virus.
D. Tree genomes are mapped out so scientists know how to improve trees.
62. Which of the following was probably the first kind of trees being engineered?
A. Papaya. B. Pine. C. Apple. D. Poplar.
63. Why did critics think engineered trees dangerous? Because _________.
A. these trees can destroy the balance of nature
B. everything except trees has been genetically engineered
C. trees are home to many endangered species
D. these trees may affect normal trees
C
People who spend more pre-bedtime(睡前)hours using the Internet or watching television are more likely to report that they don`t get enough sleep, even though they sleep almost as long as people who spend fewer pre-bedtime hours in front of a computer or televison screen, survey findings show.
“The longer media use before sleep can trigger self-perceived(自我感覺(jué)的)insufficient(不足的)sleep,” lead researcher Dr Nakamori Suganuma of Osaka University said.
He and colleagues obtained data on self-perceived sleep problems and the use of electronic media before bedtime from a total of 5875 Japanese respondents in two separate Internet-based surveys.
Nearly half of the respondents linked their lack of sleep with electronic media use before bedtime. Those reporting longer electronic media use were also more likely to report insufficient sleep.
Overall,29 percent of light users (less than 1.5 hours)listed electronic media use as a possible cause of their insufficient sleep. By comparison, 40 percent of medium (中級(jí)的)users(1.5 to 3 hours) and 54 percent of heavy users (more than 3 hours) said the same.
However, longer Internet and television use before bedtime was not linked with less actual sleep. While heavy users averaged about 3 more hours in front of computer or television screens than light users, the heavy users averaged only about 12 minutes less pre-workday sleep than light users.Suganuma said, “Internet use affected self-perceived insufficient sleep more than TV watching in both younger Internet users and middle-aged or aged users.”
Up to 38 percent of the respondents listed accessing the Internet far into the night as a possible cause for their sleep disturbance ,while about 25 percent said watching television far into the night caused their sleep problems.The findings suggest that while heavy computer and television use before bedtime has a small effect on sleep duration, it may have a more significant effect on “sleep demand and sleep quality.” Suganuma notes.
64. The underlined word “trigger” in Paragraph 2 means “________”.
A.remove B.cause C.increase D.decrease
65. From the passage, we learn________.
A. what kind of people have less actual sleep
B. self-perceived insufficient sleep is linked to electronic media use
C. Why the use of electronic media before bedtime affects sleep
D. Using electronic media before bedtime makes people sleepless
66. Which of the following is NOT a result of the survey?
A. People who use electronic media longer before bedtime are more likely to report
insufficient sleep.
B. About 38 percent of the respondents think accessing the Internet far into the night is a cause for sleep disturbances.
C. Internet use affects self-perceived insufficient sleep more than watching TV.
D. Most self-perceived insufficient sleep is connected with electronic media use before bedtime.
D
Experts say the American state of Hawaii has been affected by a small frog called the coqui(科基蛙) .There may be millions of the small frogs in Hawaii.However, they do not belong there. They are normally found in the Caribbean island of Puerto Rico and in the southeastern United States.These coqui frogs are harming Hawaii`s environment, and the extremely loud noise they make is causing problems for Hawaiian citizens and visitors. The coquis arrived in Hawaii about ten years ago. They are believed to have been brought in accidentally in shipments of plants from Puerto Rico or Florida. Their numbers have sharply increased. They have quickly spread around the Hawaiian Islands and all hidden in plants.
The coqui is a brown frog about five centimeters long. During the day, the frogs hide in wet protected areas, such as under plant leaves. At night , the frogs move onto trees to feed, call to females and mate(交配).
In their native Puerto Rico, local people celebrate coqui frogs. But in Hawaii, the foreign frog is thought as a harmful animal.The coqui frogs are a major threat to Hawaii`s environmental system. The frogs eat thousands of insects every night .These insects are important to plants ,and are also important food for Hawaii`s native.
The frogs are also affecting the tourism industry in Hawaii. Increasing numbers of hotels, visitors and local people are disturbed by the loud calls made by male coqui frogs to female frogs.At night ,the noise often makes it difficult for people to sleep. The mating call of the male coqui sounds like: “ Ko-Kee! Ko-Kee!” That is how they got their name.
The frogs do not have any natural enemies in Hawaii to reduce their population size. The warm weather permits them to lay eggs all year long.
Many efforts have been made in Hawaii to stop the spread of the coqui. The Hawaiian Department of Agriculture is trying to find an effective chemical that can be safely used to kill the frogs. Until then, the only way to catch the frogs is by hand.
67.Coqui frogs get their name from________.
A. the sound of their loud calls
B. their shape and colour
C. their coming from other parts of the USA
D. people who dislike them
68.Which of the following is NOT a reason why people in Hawaii dislike coquis?
A. They are harming Hawaii`s environment.
B. They have a bad effect on tourism.
C. They eat insects which are important for plants.
D. They hide in wet places and make loud sounds during the day.
69.Which of the following contributes to the increasing number of coquis in Hawaii?
A. There aren`t any animals in the world which eat coquis.
B. They are easy to catch.
C. They are easy to breed (繁殖)there.
D. They eat a lot of insects in one night.
70.What would be the best title for the passage?
A. Coquis―Good or Harmful Animals?
B. Coquis―A Big Threat to Hawaii
C. Coquis Make Sleep Difficult
D. Coquis―the Number Sharply Increased
第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分,滿分10分)
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。備選答案中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
Why do some people have many friends while others do not? 71 However, it is not so. Let’s look at two psychological experiments which will give you the key to happy interpersonal relations.
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