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北京市東城區(qū)2008―2009學(xué)年度高三綜合練習(xí)(一)

文科綜合能力測試題

第Ⅰ卷 (選擇題, 共140分)

試題詳情

            撫州一中    贛州一中

2009年江西省      吉安一中    九江一中  聯(lián) 合 考 試

            萍鄉(xiāng)一中    新余一中

            宜春中學(xué)    上饒縣中

高三語文試卷(2009.4)

命題學(xué)校:撫州一中                 審題學(xué)校:萍鄉(xiāng)中學(xué)

總分:150分                        時(shí)間:150分鐘

第I卷(選擇題共36分)

試題詳情

撫州一中    贛州一中

吉安一中    九江一中

萍鄉(xiāng)中學(xué)    新余一中

宜春中學(xué)    上饒縣中

 

高三英語試卷(2009.4)

命題學(xué)校:萍鄉(xiāng)中學(xué)                 審題學(xué)校:宜春中學(xué)

 

考生注意:

1.本試卷分第一卷和第二卷兩部分,共150分?荚嚂r(shí)問1 20分鐘。

2.答題前,請考生務(wù)必將答題紙左側(cè)密封線內(nèi)的項(xiàng)目填寫清楚。請考生按規(guī)定用筆將所有試題的答案涂、寫在答題紙上,在試題卷上作答無效。

第一卷(選擇題共115分)

第一部分 聽力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)

做題時(shí),先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后,你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。

第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)

請聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng),并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后,你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。

例:How much is the shirt?

A. £19.15              B. £9.15                      C. £9.18

答案是B.

1. What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?

  A. Classmates                    B. Teachers and students                  C. Mother and son

2. What does the man want the woman to do?

  A. Take a picture of the mountains                         B. Take a picture of him

  C. Buy a roll of film

3. Why does the woman refuse the man?

  A. She has lent it to others                                  B. She has not got a dictionary

  C. She will need it this weekend

4. When did the man see Jim?

  A. At 3 o’clock                  B. At 4 o’clock         C. At 5 o’clock

5. Who was at the door?

  A. The speakers’ neighbor                                 B. A delivery boy

  C. The speakers’ neighbor’s daughter

 

第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)

請聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng),并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。在聽每段對話前,你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題,每小題5秒鐘,聽完后,每個(gè)小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。

請聽第6段材料,回答第6至第8三個(gè)小題。

6. Why is the man unhappy?

  A. The composition is too long                   B. He can’t find his pictures taken in Xi’an

  C. He can’t think of a topic for his composition

7. What does the woman suggest to the man?

  A. Write about his trip                                   B. Show her some pictures

  C. Take a course in writing

8. Why does the woman have to leave?

  A. She is not feeling well                              B. She is writing her own composition

  C. She doesn’t want to help

聽第7段材料,回答第9至第11三個(gè)小題。

9. Whom is the woman buying the gift for?

  A. Her son                           B. Her nephew               C. Her sister

10. How much does the woman want to spend on the gift?

  A. About 20 dollars           B. About 30 dollars         C. About 40 dollars

11. What is the first gift the clerk suggest to the woman?

  A. A chess set                    B. A pencil-box               C. A handball set

聽第8段材料,回答第12至第14三個(gè)小題。

12. Who made a phone call to Mr. Banks?

  A. Miss Grey                B. Mr. David                           C. Mr. Brown

13. What’s the man’s phone number?

  A. 633201                      B. 322301                          C. 622101

14. Where is the phone number?

  A. On the woman’s desk                                    B. On the man’s desk

  C. On Mr. Brown’s desk

聽第9段材料,回答第15至第17三個(gè)小題。

15. What colour are the spoonbills’ feathers?

  A. Black                        B. White                                   C. Brown

16. What did the spoonbills die of in Chiku in 2002?

  A. Bad water               B. Bad weather                     C. Man’s killing

17. Who did the hard work to protect the spoonbills?

  A. The local people          B. The volunteers                   C. The scientists

聽第10段材料,回答第18至第20三個(gè)小題。

18. How long does the English language have a history of?

  A. About 400 years           B. About 1600 years              C. About 2000 years

19. Who first used Old English?

  A. People from England                       B. People from Northwest England

  C. People from Northwest Europe

20. What is the biggest difference between Old English and Modern English?

  A. Endings                           B. Grammar                           C. Spelling

 

第二部分:英語知識運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié),滿分45分)

第一節(jié):單項(xiàng)填空(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)

從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

21. _____Premier Wen Jiabao delivered _____ Annual Report at the opening meeting of ____ National People’s Congress on March 5th , 2009.

    A. /; the; the                   B. The; the; the                C. The; /; the                   D. /; /; the

22. ---The final exam is just at hand .Have you got prepared for it ?

       --- Not yet, but_____.

    A. It’s out of the question                      B. that’s right    

C. I have to hit the books tonight                  D. Don’t mention it

23. He enjoys a cup of coffee sometimes, but _____ he drinks tea.

    A. mostly                   B. almost            C. most                            D. nearly

24. Excuse me, I have to _____; I must have eaten too much.

    A. express myself                                B. behave myself

    C. help myself                                      D. relieve myself

25. Near the table _____ a poor dog, who desired to satisfy his hunger with _____ fell down the table.

    A. laid; something          B. lay; what                     C.laid; that        D. lay; that

26. --- My friend looks bow-legged, doesn’t he?

       --- What do you mean _____ that?

       --- When he walks, he _____ looks like he’s riding a horse.

    A. by; kind of           B. with; exactly C. by; much                    D. in; very

27. It _____ great that I have moved back into the fifth position _____ I need to win the

World Championship.

    A. sounds; what             B. proves; where            C. is; which        D. feels; that

28. ______ what would happen, none of them could find a way out.

    A. Having left wondering                  B. Leaving to wonder                       

C. Having left to wonder                  D. Left wondering

29. ---Do you know her, Dad?

       ---I did once.______ has she changed?

    A. What             B. Never             C. How        D. Seldom

30. _____ is expected, according to the online survey, is that prices of the houses will not

go up any more.

    A. As                          B. It                      C. What                            D. Which

31. The price of any product is linked to a complicated system of price _____ everything

depends on everything else.

    A. where                  B. which                    C. that                       D. of which

32. It is clear that the whole world is passing through a social revolution in which a

central _____ must be taken by scientists and technologists.

    A. process                B. attention              C. measure                     D. part

33. --- Will you go to Mary’s wedding next Sunday?

       --- No, I won’t _____ I’m invited to.

    A. if                            B. since                     C. even though              D. although

34. At the evening party, Jenny wore a dress that was more attractive than _____.

    A. other girl’s                                       B. those of the other girls           

    C. the other girls                                  D. that of the other girls

35. I _____ in a chemical works for fourteen years, but now I am a librarian.

    A. have worked             B. had worked         C. have been working        D. worked

第二節(jié):完形填空(共20小題;每小題1.5分,滿分30分)

閱讀下面短文,掌握其大意,然后從36―55各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

 As a teenager, I felt I was always letting people down. I was rebellious on the outside,   36  on the inside I wanted people to  37  me.

Once I left home to hitchhike (搭便車旅行) to California with my friend Penelope. The trip wasn’t  38  , and there were many times I didn’t feel safe. One situation in particular  39  me grateful to still be alive. When I returned home, I was different―not so outwardly sure of myself.

I was happy to be home. But then I noticed that Penelope, who was  40  with us, was wearing my clothes. And my  41  seemed to like her better than me. I wondered if I would be  42  if I weren’t there. I told my mom, and she explained that  43  Penelope was a lovely girl, no one could  44  me. I pointed out. “She is more patient and is neater than I have ever been.” My mom said these were wonderful  45  , but I was the only person who could fill my  46  . She made me realize that even with my  47  and they were many―I was a loved member of the family who couldn’t be replaced.

I became a searcher,  48  who I was and what made me unique. My  49  of myself was changing. I wanted a solid base to start from. I started to resist pressure to  50  in ways that I didn’t like any more, and I  51  who I really was. I came to feel much more  52  that no one can ever take my place.

Each of us  53  a unique place in the world. You are special, no matter what others say or what you may think. So  54  about being replaced. You  55  be.

36. A. and                 B. but                         C. as                               D. for

37. A. leave               B. replace                  C. receive                      D. like

38. A. easy                B. hard                       C. fun                         D. long

39. A. made                     B. kept                       C. left                         D. forced

40. A. playing                  B. eating                           C. staying                      D. traveling

41. A. family                     B. friends                           C. relatives                D. neighbors

42. A. loved               B. mentioned                   C. cared                           D. missed

43. A. since                B. as                               C. while                            D. unless

44. A. scold               B. compare               C. replace                 D. match

45. A. qualities              B. girls                         C. people                         D. times

46. A. character              B. role                         C. task                        D. form

47. A. faults               B. advantages                 C. manners                D. pities

48. A. looking for              B. looking back         C. seeking out                  D. giving up

49. A. picture                   B. view                       C. sense                            D. idea

50. A. think                B. learn                      C. change                        D. act

51. A. hated                     B. celebrated                   C. wished                      D. expected

52. A. sure                  B. doubtful                C. happy                          D. lonely

53. A. takes               B. catches                 C. seizes                            D. holds

54. A. takes               B. forget                            C. care                      D. argue

55. A. mustn’t                   B. shouldn’t               C. can’t                            D. needn’t

第三部分:閱讀理解(共20小題;每小題2分,滿分40分)

閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

A

It has been half a century since NASA, the US space agency, was created at the height of the Cold War. Then it sought to prove its superiority by winning the race to the moon. Now in the 21st century it had a new rival in the space race-China.

NASA remains a leader in space exploration. It hopes its latest Constellation (星座)program will maintain its dominance by putting Americans back on the moon by 2020. NASA intends to use this as a base to travel to Mars and beyond.

This new wave of space exploration envisages(想象) manned colonies of astronauts living and working on the moon. It was drawn up in the wake of the Columbia tragedy in 2003, which killed seven when the shuttle disintegrated upon re- entry.

That tragedy stunned the whole world, with a US official investigation blaming the aging space shuttle. Six months after the Columbia accident, President George W. Bush outlined a new vision for space exploration, paving the way for the Constellation program. The program plans on carrying four astronauts to the moon at a time.

A new spacecraft, Orion, will be used for these missions. It will also fly to the International Space Station (ISS), but will not be operational until 2015.

Once the ISS is complete, the flights of the three aging space shuttles will be stopped. However, this is scheduled for 2010, leaving a five-year gap until Orion’s launch.

During those five years, the US will depend on the Russian Soyuz spacecraft to transport astronauts to the ISS.

Cooperation between Washington and Moscow could be troublesome, especially in the wake of the recent crisis in Georgia.

In comments intended for Congress in March, NASA administrator Michael Griffin, expressed concern at the future.

“A Chinese landing on the moon prior to our own return will create a perception that the US lags behind not only Russia but also China in space,” he wrote in an internal e-mail leaked recently to the media.

To the question of whether China could be a partner with NASA in a future moon mission, Griffin remained optimistic: “Yes, it’s absolutely possible to see China as part of a return to the moon, a joint effort to return to the moon.”

56. The underlined word “stunned” in paragraph 4 can be replaced by “_____”.

  A. stopped                   B. shocked                 C. seized                    D. saved

57. Spaceship Columbia was destroyed _____.

  A. when it returned to earth

  B. because spacemen conducted wrong orders

  C. because it was old and not kept well by the engineers

  D. as it was sent up into space

58. From this passage, it is inferred that _____.

  A. The International space station is under way

  B. Columbia tradedy was blamed on its old space shuttle

  C. There’re no rivals against NASA

  D. Through all the constellation’ program, NASA is only scheduled to use their own space shuttles

59. Which is the best title for this passage?

  A. NASA’s space Exploration is grounded because of Columbia tragedy

  B. China is the biggest rival (對手) to the USA

  C. China, a new rival in space race

  D. NASA’s Constellation’ program to reach beyond the moon

B

Why did humans evolve to walk upright? Perhaps because it’s a just plain easier. Make that “energetically less costly”, in science-speak.

Bipedalism―walking on two feet―is one of the defining characteristics of being human, and scientists have debated for years how it came about. In the latest attempt to find an explanation, researchers trained five chimpanzees (黑猩猩) to walk on a treadmill (跑步機(jī)) while wearing masks that allowed measurement of their oxygen consumption. The chimps were measured both while walking upright and while moving on their legs and knuckles (肘). That measurement of the energy needed to move around was compared with similar tests on humans and the results are published in this week’s on-line edition of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

It turns out that humans walking on two legs use only one-quarter of the energy that chimpanzees use while knuckle-walking on four limbs. And the chimps, on average, use as much energy using two legs as they did when they used all four limbs.

However, there were differences among chimpanzees in how much energy they used, and these differences corresponded to their different gaits (步法) and anatomy (解剖學(xué)特征). One of the chimps used less energy on two legs, one used about the same and the others used more, said David Raichlen, assistant professor of anthropology at the University of Arizona.

“What we were surprised at was the variation (變異),” he said in a telephone interview. “That was pretty exciting, because when you talk about how evolution works, variation is the bottom line, without variation there is no evolution.”

“Walking on two legs freed our arms, opening the door to manipulating (主宰) the world,” Raichlen said. “We think about the evolution of bepedalism as one of the first events that led hominids (原始人) down the path to being human.”

The research was supported the National Science Foundation and L. S. B. Leakey Foundation.

60. The underlined word “Bipedalism” means _____.

  A. moving sideways                                 B. walking upright

  C. walking on four legs                            D. running fast

61. We can infer that _____.

  A. scientists have no idea on how human walking on two legs came about

  B. scientists have had different views on why chimpanzees walk on four legs

  C. scientists have had different views on how human walking on two legs came about

  D. scientists have had similar views on how human walking on two legs came about

62. What does the fourth paragraph mainly deal with?

  A. How did chimpanzees save energy              

B. Why didn’t chimpanzees walk on two legs

C. David Raichlen researched into chimpanzees

D. Different chimpanzees consume different energy

63. According to the passage, humans walk upright in order to _____.

  A. conserve energy                                 B. differ from other animals

  C. free their brains                             D. strengthen their legs

C

The people below are at an airport and looking for somewhere to eat. Read the description and help them find a right place.

Ken is in a hurry as he is late for his flight. He needs a quick cold drink.

Jamila is meeting her uncle whose flight arrives at 12:30. She left home early and wants to have a hot meal before he comes, where is able to see the exit door in odrer not to miss him.

Danie’s middy flight has been delayed. The airline has offered to pay for a complete lunch if she sends them her receipt. So she has decided to accept the offer and have a three-course meal.

Jorge and his children want a place where they can serve themselves as they each like different things to eat. They don’t mind whether they have hot or cold food.

Carolyn and her friend had arrived too soon for their morning flight. They got up very early and now they want a hot drink and something sweet to eat with it.

You Guide to Restaurants and Bars

Real Cool

Have you got a sweet tooth? Then this is the place for you. Enjoy one of our special ice-creams served with a chocolate cookie. Lots of different fruit flavors including lemon, banana, strawberry, coconut and orange.

Open 14:00―20:00

Healthworks

This is colorful kiosk serving a wide variety of drinks. Choose your drink from our fresh fruit and we’ll mix it with yogurt or ice-cream if you want. Or just have a glass of pure, iced juice!

Open 06:30―21:00

The Restaurant

The restaurant is the best place to enjoy a full meal. We offer an international menu with plenty of choice. Choose a starter, followed by a main meal, cheese and dessert all for the price of 17.50.

Open 08:00―15:00

Cafe bar

Just the place for the younger members of the family! We serve hot dogs, pizzas and hamburgers all cooked on the spot. Try our hot chocolate drinks or have a cup of fresh coffee while you wait.

Open 11:30―23:00

Seafood & Salad Bar

Recently opened and already a favorite with all our passengers. Help yourself to our delicious cold fish and salads. There’s always something different on the menu. Close to the departure gates to save your time. Our friendly staff will make sure you don’t miss your flight!

Open 10:00―21:00

Sandwich Side

In a hurry? Then enjoy one of our freshly-made sandwiches. Choose from five different kinds of bread and we’ll put whatever you like on top! A complete meal in itself and great value for money!

Opens all day

Cafe Rapid

This cafe is near the Arrival point. It offers quick freshly prepared hot dishes. Ideal for people waiting for family or friends or just those who enjoy watching the world go by.

Open 06:00―22:00

Tea & Coffee House

We serve six different kinds of tea and coffee along with various cakes, biscuits and cookies. You will find us near the entrance to the shopping galleries.

Open 24 hours.

64. It is the best choice for Jamila to go to _____.

A. Real Cool          B. Cafe Rapid           C. Seafood & Salad Bar         D. Sandwich Side

65.Jorge and his children should go to _____.

  A. Healthworks             B. Cafe Bar         C. Seafood & Salad Bar         D. Cafe Rapid

66. Carolyn and her friend are most likely to go to _____.

  A. Real Cool          B. Cafe Bar         C. Tea & Coffee House          D. Cafe Rapid

67. Danie seemed to _____.

  A. have a free lunch if she showed her receipt

  B. have three meals at the airport

  C. pay for her cool drink extra because she missed her midday flight

  D. have a three-course meal but not to accept the offer

D

“It’s my morning at the zoo,”said Maurice, “would you like to come? We’ll have a look at that lion cub and see how he’s getting on in his new surroundings.”

“You mean the one that was brought into the surgery a few weeks ago?”

“Yes.”

I settled myself in the car and, as we drove away, I thought back to a morning when a man had come in with a lion cub pulling on a heavy chain. Smiling proudly at our astonished faces, he said, “Grand little chap, isn’t he? Only twelve weeks old and tough as they come. I got him through an advertisement in the newspaper. My little girl is delighted and simply loves him but he’s a bit rough when he gets excited. He’ll be safer for her to play with when you’ve dealt with him.”

I looked up in surprise and Maurice asked, ‘What do you mean by “dealt with him”?’

“Well, when you’ve filed down his teeth and taken out his claws.”Picking up the cub, the man held him out to Maurice. “The people I bought him from said this was the thing to do.”

“They did, did they?’”Maurice’s face was solemn as he rubbed the little animal under the chin. “And how long will you keep him? Nine months? A year?”

“Oh, when he gets too big for us he’ll have to go into a zoo. But we’ll give him a good time while he’s little and then, of course, he’ll want to be with his own kind. We’ll visit him regularly, though. We’re great animal lovers, you understand.”

Maurice nodded, put the cub on the floor, pulled up a chair for the man and sat down himself. “I think,”he said, “that you have been misled. I wouldn’t dream of hurting a wild animal like that and I don’t know any other vet who would do it either. You say you will give him to a zoo when he get too big but with no claws he couldn’t be put in with other lions--he’d have no means of self-defence and he’d be killed. So he would have to be kept on his own. So he wouldn’t have much of a life, would he? In fact, it would be very difficult to find a zoo--a good one anyway--that would take him.”

The man shook his head. “I never thought of it like that.” He paused, then, bending down, he pushed the cub away from his chair.

There was a tiny roar, the cub’s lips curled back and he stared up with angry eyes. His owner lifted him and held him tightly in his arms. Then he said helplessly, ‘But what on earth am I to do with him? What do you advise?’

“He obviously can’t play with your little daughter,”said Maurice. “He’s quite fierce already. And it won’t be easy to get a zoo to take him. Most of them have enough cubs as it is. They’re almost two a penny, but, if you like…”

“Two a penny? Good God! I paid a hundred pounds for him!”

There was a long silence. “So I’ve been “done”, have I?” The man stared down at his cub.

Maurice nodded. “I’m afraid so. Unfortunately there are lots of dishonest people about who are profiting from this fashion for exotic pets.”

The man frowned. “Exotic pets? Well, yes, I suppose you’re right. It’s rather nice to cause a bit of a sensation with something out of the ordinary.”

“If you like,” said Maurice slowly, “I’ll ask the manager of our local zoo if he can fit this little one in with some cubs who are being raised on the bottle. They’re roughly the same age and he would probably be accepted.”

And so it turned out.

68. Why did Maurice go to the zoo?

  A. to see the lion cub                              B. he wanted to take his friend

  C. to see the new surroundings                     D. he had work to do there

69. Why did Maurice refuse to take out the cub’s claws?

  A. The man wanted to give it to a zoo

  B. It could not protect itself against other lions

  C. He didn’t know how to do it

  D. It was too small to have its claws removed

70. Why did Maurice think it would be hard to find a zoo that would take the cub?

  A. The cub was too aggressive                      B. Most zoos are overcrowded

  C. Most zoos don’t need more lion cubs             D. The cub was not worth very much

71. The man was shocked and said “Good God!” because_____.

  A. he had thought he would easily be able to find a zoo

  B. Maurice had discovered his real reasons for buying the lion

  C. he realised he had been tricked into paying too much for the lion

  D. Maurice had explained that his daughter wouldn’t be able to play with the lion

E

One of India’s top engineering schools has restricted Internet access in its boarding houses,

saying addiction to surfing, gaming and blogging was affecting students’performance, making

them lonely and even suicidal.

Authorities at the best Indian Institute of Technology(IIT)in Mumbai said students had stopped socializing and many were late for morning classes or slept through them.”Now,a student doesn’t even know who lives two doors away from him because he is so busy on the Internet,”said Prakash Gopalan,dean of Student Affairs.”The old dormitory culture of companionship and socializing among students is gone .This is not healthy in our opinion.”

IIT--Mumbai,with about 5,000 students, is one of seven IITs across India which are considered to be among the finest engineering schools in the world. They are also a talent pool for global technology giants.But their hard courses , tough competition and lonely campus lifestyle have taken an effect on students.Depressive and dysfunctional(不正常的) lifestyles are known to be commom among IIT students,and at least nine have committed suicide in the past five years .Students have unlimited free Internet access in their boarding houses to help them in their studies, but many also use it to surf, chat, download movies and music, blog and for gaming.

“Starting Monday,Interent access will be banned between 11 p.m. and 12:30 p.m. at IIT-Mumbai’s 13 boarding buildings to encourage students to sleep early and to try and force them out of their shells,” Gopalan said. But the move has not gone down well with students who say they hate their lives being regulated. “Now they will say we need to listen to a lullaby (搖籃曲) to go to sleep ,”said Rajiv, an electronics student.

72.which of the following is not the possible effect of free Internet access on students ?

A.There has been a decline in students’lessons.

B.Participation in social activities has gone down.

C.Some students feel lonely and even suicidal.

D.Students don’t even know his classmates.

73.What measures have been taken in IIT ?Mumbai?

A.Students have unlimited free Internet access in their dorm otproes.S

B.Students are forbidden to surf the Internet

C.Internet access is unavailable in deep night .

D.Students must go to bed before 11 pm.

74.In the passage the students are told to______.

A.sleep through their lessons                  B.break away from the Internet

C.go to sleep along with music                    D.stop surfing and make friends

75.We may infer from the last paragraph that ______.

A.the banning order causes some complaints among the students

B.all electronics students hate the banning order

C.more students prefer listening to music to surfing the Internet

D.there is no Internet access on the IIT campus even since.

 

第二卷(非選擇題共35分)

第四部分:寫作(共兩節(jié),滿分35分)

第一節(jié)    對話填空(共10小題,每小題1分,滿分10分)

      請認(rèn)真閱讀下列對話,并根據(jù)各題所給的首字母的提示,在答題卡右欄中標(biāo)有題目的橫線上,寫出一個(gè)英語單詞的完整、正確的形式,使對話通順。

H: Harry   L: Lisa

(Harry met Lisa for the first time at their friend, Jean’s birthday party. Harry is a diplomat.)

L: Have you been to Arab countries?

H: Well, yes, I have been to different countries (76)q______ a lot.

L: And what have you noticed there in (77)p______?

H: You must never embarrass the other person or put him in a situation which (78)m______ him lose honor. They must respect and trust you before they will do business with you.

L: Where do you travel to in (79)E______?

H: I go to the UK a lot, and to France, Germany and Spain. In the UK you shouldn’t (80)e______ people to shake hands with you when they see you regularly. But in France in the (81)s______ situation, you must shake hands.

L: Do you work much with North Americans?

H: Well, I occasionally go to the States. It’s (82)s______that the first time you go there your host may use your first name right from the start. You should use his or her first name in (83)r______.

L: What differences do you see (84)b______ the States and Europe?

H: In the States people can ask personal questions about your family, for example, even if they don’t particularly know you. You shouldn’t do that in Europe in particular. Well, Lisa, Jean told me you’ve been to China, did you have any sort of culture shock after  you first came to China?

L: Yes, actually, although at the beginning. I was (85)d______ with the bicycles and the bustle(喧鬧), the long history and the wonderful tradition.

 

 

 

 

76.___________

77.___________

 

78.___________

 

79.___________

 

80.___________

81.___________

 

 

82.___________

 

83.___________

84.___________

 

 

 

 

85.___________

 

 

第二節(jié)    書面表達(dá)(滿分25分)

北師大教授顧明遠(yuǎn)對“三好學(xué)生”評比叫停,引起了很大反響。請根據(jù)下表給 “Teens”寫一篇120字左右的文章并表明你對三好學(xué)生評比的看法。標(biāo)題和首句已給出。

反對叫停

支持叫停

1.青少年需要榜樣

2.學(xué)生應(yīng)以學(xué)習(xí)為主,成績第一

1.有礙學(xué)生個(gè)性發(fā)展

2.與提倡創(chuàng)新精神相背

參考單詞:merit students

Should the System be changed?

In response to the proposal of cancelling the merit students selection,

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

八校聯(lián)考英語答案

聽力材料:

(Text 1)

W: I heard you got full marks in math exam. Congrtatulations!

M: Thanks! I’m sure you also did a good job indeed.

 

(Text 2)

M: The view is fantastic! Can you take a picture of me with the mountains in the background?

W: I’m afraid I just ran out of film.

 

(Text 3)

M: Do you think I could borrow your dictionary this weekend?

W: Sorry, normally I’d say yes, but I’m going to use it myself.

 

(Text 4)

M: Two hours ago, I saw Jim in his office. Is he home yet?

W: No, he said he would be back at 4, but it’s already 5 o’clock.

 

(Text 5)

W: I thought I heard someone at the door.

M: Just the delivery boy with a parcel from our neighbor. She and her husband are visiting their daughter in Canada, so I’ll keep it until they get back.

 

(Text 6)

W: You don’t look happy. What seems to be the problem?

M: I’ve got to write a long composition for my English class and I just can’t come up with any idea, and it’s due tomorrow.

W: That shouldn’t be too difficult. Remember those pictures you were showing me last week?

M: Sure.

W: Why don’t you write about your impression of the Great Wall of China?

M: That sounds like a good idea. I can also write about our visit to Xi’an.

W: Well, now that you’re feeling better about this, I think I’ll be on my way. I’ve got to finish my composition, too.

 

(Text 7)

M: May I help you?

W: Yes, my nephew is graduating from college next week and I’d like to get him a nice gift.

M: What price range are you interested in? we’ll need to know that before we begin looking.

W: Well, I usually spend about twenty dollars for a gift. Do you have anything nice for that price?

M: How about a pencil-box?

W: No, my sister gave him that for his birthday last year.

M: Well, then, would he enjoy a chess set?

W: No, he doesn’t go in much for chess but he is quite athletic.

M: Then you can give him a hand ball set.

W: That’s a good idea. I’ll take it.

 

(Text 8)

M: Any messages, Miss Grey?

W: Just one, Mr. Banks. You had a telephone call from someone called Brown…David Brown.

M: Brown? I don’t know anyone called Brown. What did he want?

W: He didn’t say. But it sounded important. I told him you’d phone him as soon as you got back.

M: Well, I’d better do it then, I suppose. Er…you’ve got his telephone number, haven’t you?

W: Yes, it’s 633201

M: 622301.

W: No, 633201

M: Oh, you’d better write it down, Miss Grey. I’ll probably forget it.

W: I’ve already done it, Mr. Banks. It’s on your desk.

(Text 9)

W: Did you read the article about the spoonbills in the newspaper?

M: Yes. The picture was interesting as well.

W: I know. They looked splendid in their white feathers.

M: Our teacher showed us a VCD about them. They use the “spoon” on the end of their bills to search for food.

W: I heard that in 2002 seventy-three spoonbills died because of bad water in Chiku! The poor birds are really at our mercy!

M: I agree! But 223 spoonbills returned to Chiku last October. That’s 45 more than the year before!

W: That’s because the water around Chiku is clean now.

M: Thanks to all the hard work of our bird scientists, the spoonbills have a healthy place to spend the winter.

 

(Text 10)

W: The story of the English language is a story of change. The old English language is different from Modern English. If We do not study Old English, we cannot understand it. Some of the words are the same, but many are not used now. the story of English language began some time after the year 400 A. D. At that time people came to England from Northwest Europe. There are many groups of people. They were called Angles, Saxons and Jutes. Their language, old English, is like some of the Modern language of Northwest Europe. In old English the endings had many meanings. They showed past time and present time and many other things.

In Modern English most of these endings are gone. This is the biggest difference between Old English and Modern English.

 

 

 

 

聽力:1―5:A B C A B           6―10:C A B B A

      11―15:B C A B B        16―20:A C B C A

單項(xiàng)選擇:21―25:A C A D B              26―30:A D D C C          31―35:A D C B D

完形填空:36―40:B D A C C              41―45:A D C C A         

46―50:B A C B D        51―55:B A D B C

閱讀理解:56―60:B D A D B        61―65:C D A B C

          66―70:C A D B C              71―75:C D C D A

對話填空:76: quite          77: particular            78: makes           79: Europe

          80: expect             81: same                    82: surprising              83: return

          84: between          85: delighted

書面表達(dá):

Should the system be changed?

In response to the proposal of cancelling the merit students selection, people’s opinions differ.

Some people think that with the increasingly fierce competition, more and more talented youths are needed. Only one single standard for judging good students may discourage the students from growing in different ways. It is also against the advocation of pioneering spirit. Others, however, say adolencents can’t grow up without models, and merit students represent diligence and adolescents excellence. To the students academic excellence comes first.

In my view, times are different and the criteria should be changed to a degree because the job market demands large numbers of personnel with practical ability and skills. As a standard, it will encourage students to explore their potentials and develep their ability to think and solve problems independently, which is the basis of education.

 

 

 

 

 

試題詳情

撫州一中    贛州一中

吉安一中    九江一中

萍鄉(xiāng)中學(xué)    新余一中

宜春中學(xué)    上饒縣中

高三理綜試卷(2009.4)

命題學(xué)校:宜春中學(xué)     審題學(xué)校:新余一中

 

可能用到的相對原子質(zhì)量:O―16,H―1,Cu―64,S―32,C―12,Br―80

第Ⅰ卷(選擇題  共126分)

試題詳情

撫州一中    贛州一中

2009年江西省 吉安一中    九江一中     聯(lián) 合 考 試

萍鄉(xiāng)一中    新余一中

宜春中學(xué)    上饒縣中

 

高三文綜試卷(2009.4)

命題學(xué)校:贛州一中   吉安一中     審題學(xué)校:吉安一中   贛州一中

本試卷分第Ⅰ卷(選擇題)和第Ⅱ卷(非選擇題)兩部分。全卷共300分,考試用時(shí)150分。

第Ⅰ卷(選擇題  共140分)

試題詳情

撫州一中    贛州一中

吉安一中    九江一中

萍鄉(xiāng)中學(xué)    新余一中

宜春中學(xué)    上饒縣中

 

高三數(shù)學(xué)試卷(理)(2009.4)

命題學(xué)校:九江一中 邵學(xué)兵 邵繼享          審題學(xué)校:鄒小浩 許忠華

 

試題詳情

 

        <strong id="8o85z"><i id="8o85z"><track id="8o85z"></track></i></strong>

        撫州一中    贛州一中

        吉安一中    九江一中

        萍鄉(xiāng)中學(xué)    新余一中

        宜春中學(xué)    上饒縣中

         

        高三數(shù)學(xué)試卷(文)(2009.4)

        命題學(xué)校:九江一中 邵學(xué)兵 邵繼享          審題學(xué)校:鄒小浩 許忠華

        本試卷分第I卷(選擇題)和第II卷(非選擇題)兩部分.第I卷1至2頁,第II卷3至4頁,共150分.

        第Ⅰ卷(選擇題,共60分)

        考生注意:

               1.答題前,考生務(wù)必將自己的準(zhǔn)考證號、姓名填寫在答題卡上.

               2.第I卷每小題選出答案后,用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑,如需改動(dòng),用橡皮擦干凈后,再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號.第II卷用黑色墨水簽字筆在答題卡上書寫作答.若在試題卷上作答,答案無效.

               3.考試結(jié)束,監(jiān)考員答題卡收回.

        參考公式:

               如果事件互斥,那么                                    球的表面積公式

                                                          

               如果事件相互獨(dú)立,那么                             其中表示球的半徑

                                                       球的體積公式

               如果事件在一次試驗(yàn)中發(fā)生的概率是,那么         

               次獨(dú)立重復(fù)試驗(yàn)中恰好發(fā)生次的概率               其中表示球的半徑

                          

        試題詳情

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

        試題詳情

        高中化學(xué)所有知識點(diǎn)整理

         

          1高中化學(xué)所有知識點(diǎn)整理

         

          一.中學(xué)化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)操作中的七原則

         

          掌握下列七個(gè)有關(guān)操作順序的原則,就可以正確解答"實(shí)驗(yàn)程序判斷題"。

         

          1."從下往上"原則。以Cl2實(shí)驗(yàn)室制法為例,裝配發(fā)生裝置順序是:放好鐵架臺→擺好酒精燈→根據(jù)酒精燈位置固定好鐵圈→石棉網(wǎng)→固定好圓底燒瓶。

         

          2."從左到右"原則。裝配復(fù)雜裝置應(yīng)遵循從左到右順序。如上裝置裝配順序?yàn)椋喊l(fā)生裝置→集氣瓶→燒杯。

         

          3.先"塞"后"定"原則。帶導(dǎo)管的塞子在燒瓶固定前塞好,以免燒瓶固定后因不宜用力而塞不緊或因用力過猛而損壞儀器。

         

          4."固體先放"原則。上例中,燒瓶內(nèi)試劑MnO2應(yīng)在燒瓶固定前裝入,以免固體放入時(shí)損壞燒瓶?傊腆w試劑應(yīng)在固定前加入相應(yīng)容器中。

         

          5."液體后加"原則。液體藥品在燒瓶固定后加入。如上例中濃鹽酸應(yīng)在燒瓶固定后在分液漏斗中緩慢加入。

         

          6.先驗(yàn)氣密性(裝入藥口前進(jìn)行)原則。

         

          7.后點(diǎn)酒精燈(所有裝置裝完后再點(diǎn)酒精燈)原則。

         

          二.中學(xué)化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)中溫度計(jì)的使用分哪三種情況以及哪些實(shí)驗(yàn)需要溫度計(jì)

         

          1.測反應(yīng)混合物的溫度:這種類型的實(shí)驗(yàn)需要測出反應(yīng)混合物的準(zhǔn)確溫度,因此,應(yīng)將溫度計(jì)插入混合物中間。

         

          ①測物質(zhì)溶解度。②實(shí)驗(yàn)室制乙烯。

         

          2.測蒸氣的溫度:這種類型的實(shí)驗(yàn),多用于測量物質(zhì)的沸點(diǎn),由于液體在沸騰時(shí),液體和蒸氣的溫度相同,所以只要測蒸氣的溫度。①實(shí)驗(yàn)室蒸餾石油。②測定乙醇的沸點(diǎn)。

         

          3.測水浴溫度:這種類型的實(shí)驗(yàn),往往只要使反應(yīng)物的溫度保持相對穩(wěn)定,所以利用水浴加熱,溫度計(jì)則插入水浴中。①溫度對反應(yīng)速率影響的反應(yīng)。②苯的硝化反應(yīng)。

         

          三.常見的需要塞入棉花的實(shí)驗(yàn)有哪些

         

          需要塞入少量棉花的實(shí)驗(yàn):

         

          熱KMnO4制氧氣

         

          制乙炔和收集NH3

         

          其作用分別是:防止KMnO4粉末進(jìn)入導(dǎo)管;防止實(shí)驗(yàn)中產(chǎn)生的泡沫涌入導(dǎo)管;防止氨氣與空氣對流,以縮短收集NH3的時(shí)間。

         

          四.常見物質(zhì)分離提純的10種方法

         

          1.結(jié)晶和重結(jié)晶:利用物質(zhì)在溶液中溶解度隨溫度變化較大,如NaCl,KNO3。

         

          2.蒸餾冷卻法:在沸點(diǎn)上差值大。乙醇中(水):加入新制的CaO吸收大部分水再蒸餾。

         

          3.過濾法:溶與不溶。

         

          4.升華法:SiO2(I2)。

         

          5.萃取法:如用CCl4來萃取I2水中的I2。

         

          6.溶解法:Fe粉(A1粉):溶解在過量的NaOH溶液里過濾分離。

         

          7.增加法:把雜質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化成所需要的物質(zhì):CO2(CO):通過熱的CuO;CO2(SO2):通過NaHCO3溶液。

         

          8.吸收法:用做除去混合氣體中的氣體雜質(zhì),氣體雜質(zhì)必須被藥品吸收:N2(O2):將混合氣體通過銅網(wǎng)吸收O2。

         

          9.轉(zhuǎn)化法:兩種物質(zhì)難以直接分離,加藥品變得容易分離,然后再還原回去:Al(OH)3,F(xiàn)e(OH)3:先加NaOH溶液把Al(OH)3溶解,過濾,除去Fe(OH)3,再加酸讓NaAlO2轉(zhuǎn)化成A1(OH)3。

         

          10.紙上層析(不作要求)

         

          五.常用的去除雜質(zhì)的方法10種

         

          1.雜質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化法:欲除去苯中的苯酚,可加入氫氧化鈉,使苯酚轉(zhuǎn)化為酚鈉,利用酚鈉易溶于水,使之與苯分開。欲除去Na2CO3中的NaHCO3可用加熱的方法。

         

          2.吸收洗滌法:欲除去二氧化碳中混有的少量氯化氫和水,可使混合氣體先通過飽和碳酸氫鈉的溶液后,再通過濃硫酸。

         

          3.沉淀過濾法:欲除去硫酸亞鐵溶液中混有的少量硫酸銅,加入過量鐵粉,待充分反應(yīng)后,過濾除去不溶物,達(dá)到目的。

         

          4.加熱升華法:欲除去碘中的沙子,可采用此法。

         

          5.溶劑萃取法:欲除去水中含有的少量溴,可采用此法。

         

          6.溶液結(jié)晶法(結(jié)晶和重結(jié)晶):欲除去硝酸鈉溶液中少量的氯化鈉,可利用二者的溶解度不同,降低溶液溫度,使硝酸鈉結(jié)晶析出,得到硝酸鈉純晶。

         

          7.分餾蒸餾法:欲除去乙醚中少量的酒精,可采用多次蒸餾的方法。

         

          8.分液法:欲將密度不同且又互不相溶的液體混合物分離,可采用此法,如將苯和水分離。

         

          9.滲析法:欲除去膠體中的離子,可采用此法。如除去氫氧化鐵膠體中的氯離子。

         

          10.綜合法:欲除去某物質(zhì)中的雜質(zhì),可采用以上各種方法或多種方法綜合運(yùn)用。

         

          六.化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)基本操作中的"不"15例

         

          1.實(shí)驗(yàn)室里的藥品,不能用手接觸;不要鼻子湊到容器口去聞氣體的氣味,更不能嘗結(jié)晶的味道。

         

          2.做完實(shí)驗(yàn),用剩的藥品不得拋棄,也不要放回原瓶(活潑金屬鈉、鉀等例外)。

         

          3.取用液體藥品時(shí),把瓶塞打開不要正放在桌面上;瓶上的標(biāo)簽應(yīng)向著手心,不應(yīng)向下;放回原處時(shí)標(biāo)簽不應(yīng)向里。

         

          4.如果皮膚上不慎灑上濃H2SO4,不得先用水洗,應(yīng)根據(jù)情況迅速用布擦去,再用水沖洗;若眼睛里濺進(jìn)了酸或堿,切不可用手揉眼,應(yīng)及時(shí)想辦法處理。

         

          5.稱量藥品時(shí),不能把稱量物直接放在托盤上;也不能把稱量物放在右盤上;加法碼時(shí)不要用手去拿。

         

          6.用滴管添加液體時(shí),不要把滴管伸入量筒(試管)或接觸筒壁(試管壁)。

         

          7.向酒精燈里添加酒精時(shí),不得超過酒精燈容積的2/3,也不得少于容積的1/3。

         

          8.不得用燃著的酒精燈去對點(diǎn)另一只酒精燈;熄滅時(shí)不得用嘴去吹。

         

          9.給物質(zhì)加熱時(shí)不得用酒精燈的內(nèi)焰和焰心。

         

          10.給試管加熱時(shí),不要把拇指按在短柄上;切不可使試管口對著自己或旁人;液體的體積一般不要超過試管容積的1/3。

         

          11.給燒瓶加熱時(shí)不要忘了墊上石棉網(wǎng)。

         

          12.用坩堝或蒸發(fā)皿加熱完后,不要直接用手拿回,應(yīng)用坩堝鉗夾取。

         

          13.使用玻璃容器加熱時(shí),不要使玻璃容器的底部跟燈芯接觸,以免容器破裂。燒得很熱的玻璃容器,不要用冷水沖洗或放在桌面上,以免破裂。

         

          14.過濾液體時(shí),漏斗里的液體的液面不要高于濾紙的邊緣,以免雜質(zhì)進(jìn)入濾液。

         

          15.在燒瓶口塞橡皮塞時(shí),切不可把燒瓶放在桌上再使勁塞進(jìn)塞子,以免壓破燒瓶。

         

          七.化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)中的先與后22例

         

          1.加熱試管時(shí),應(yīng)先均勻加熱后局部加熱。

         

          2.用排水法收集氣體時(shí),先拿出導(dǎo)管后撤酒精燈。

         

          3.制取氣體時(shí),先檢驗(yàn)氣密性后裝藥品。

         

          4.收集氣體時(shí),先排凈裝置中的空氣后再收集。

         

          5.稀釋濃硫酸時(shí),燒杯中先裝一定量蒸餾水后再沿器壁緩慢注入濃硫酸。

         

          6.點(diǎn)燃H2、CH4、C2H4、C2H2等可燃?xì)怏w時(shí),先檢驗(yàn)純度再點(diǎn)燃。

         

          7.檢驗(yàn)鹵化烴分子的鹵元素時(shí),在水解后的溶液中先加稀HNO3再加AgNO3溶液。

         

          8.檢驗(yàn)NH3(用紅色石蕊試紙)、Cl2(用淀粉KI試紙)、H2S[用Pb(Ac)2試紙]等氣體時(shí),先用蒸餾水潤濕試紙后再與氣體接觸。

         

          9.做固體藥品之間的反應(yīng)實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí),先單獨(dú)研碎后再混合。

         

          10.配制FeCl3,SnCl2等易水解的鹽溶液時(shí),先溶于少量濃鹽酸中,再稀釋。

         

          11.中和滴定實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí),用蒸餾水洗過的滴定管先用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)液潤洗后再裝標(biāo)準(zhǔn)掖;先用待測液潤洗后再移取液體;滴定管讀數(shù)時(shí)先等一二分鐘后再讀數(shù);觀察錐形瓶中溶液顏色的改變時(shí),先等半分鐘顏色不變后即為滴定終點(diǎn)。

         

          12.焰色反應(yīng)實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí),每做一次,鉑絲應(yīng)先沾上稀鹽酸放在火焰上灼燒到無色時(shí),再做下一次實(shí)驗(yàn)。

         

          13.用H2還原CuO時(shí),先通H2流,后加熱CuO,反應(yīng)完畢后先撤酒精燈,冷卻后再停止通H2。

         

          14.配制物質(zhì)的量濃度溶液時(shí),先用燒杯加蒸餾水至容量瓶刻度線1cm2cm后,再改用膠頭滴管加水至刻度線。

         

          15.安裝發(fā)生裝置時(shí),遵循的原則是:自下而上,先左后右或先下后上,先左后右。

         

          16.濃H2SO4不慎灑到皮膚上,先迅速用布擦干,再用水沖洗,最后再涂上3%一5%的NaHCO3溶液。沾上其他酸時(shí),先水洗,后涂NaHCO3溶液。

         

          17.堿液沾到皮膚上,先水洗后涂硼酸溶液。

         

          18.酸(或堿)流到桌子上,先加NaHCO3溶液(或醋酸)中和,再水洗,最后用布擦。

         

          19.檢驗(yàn)蔗糖、淀粉、纖維素是否水解時(shí),先在水解后的溶液中加NaOH溶液中和H2SO4,再加銀氨溶液或Cu(OH)2懸濁液。

         

          20.用pH試紙時(shí),先用玻璃棒沾取待測溶液涂到試紙上,再把試紙顯示的顏色跟標(biāo)準(zhǔn)比色卡對比,定出pH。

         

          21.配制和保存Fe2+,Sn2+等易水解、易被空氣氧化的鹽溶液時(shí);先把蒸餾水煮沸趕走O2,再溶解,并加入少量的相應(yīng)金屬粉末和相應(yīng)酸。

         

          22.稱量藥品時(shí),先在盤上各放二張大小,重量相等的紙(腐蝕藥品放在燒杯等玻璃器皿),再放藥品。加熱后的藥品,先冷卻,后稱量。

         

          八.實(shí)驗(yàn)中導(dǎo)管和漏斗的位置的放置方法

         

          在許多化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)中都要用到導(dǎo)管和漏斗,因此,它們在實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置中的位置正確與否均直接影響到實(shí)驗(yàn)的效果,而且在不同的實(shí)驗(yàn)中具體要求也不盡相同。下面擬結(jié)合實(shí)驗(yàn)和化學(xué)課本中的實(shí)驗(yàn)圖,作一簡要的分析和歸納。

         

          1.氣體發(fā)生裝置中的導(dǎo)管;在容器內(nèi)的部分都只能露出橡皮塞少許或與其平行,不然將不利于排氣。

         

          2.用排空氣法(包括向上和向下)收集氣體時(shí),導(dǎo)管都必領(lǐng)伸到集氣瓶或試管的底部附近。這樣利于排盡集氣瓶或試管內(nèi)的空氣,而收集到較純凈的氣體。

         

          3.用排水法收集氣體時(shí),導(dǎo)管只需要伸到集氣瓶或試管的口部。原因是"導(dǎo)管伸入集氣瓶和試管的多少都不影響氣體的收集",但兩者比較,前者操作方便。

         

          4.進(jìn)行氣體與溶液反應(yīng)的實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí),導(dǎo)管應(yīng)伸到所盛溶液容器的中下部。這樣利于兩者接觸,充分發(fā)生反應(yīng)。

         

          5.點(diǎn)燃H2、CH4等并證明有水生成時(shí),不僅要用大而冷的燒杯,而且導(dǎo)管以伸入燒杯的1/3為宜。若導(dǎo)管伸入燒杯過多,產(chǎn)生的霧滴則會很快氣化,結(jié)果觀察不到水滴。

         

          6.進(jìn)行一種氣體在另一種氣體中燃燒的實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí),被點(diǎn)燃的氣體的導(dǎo)管應(yīng)放在盛有另一種氣體的集氣瓶的中央。不然,若與瓶壁相碰或離得太近,燃燒產(chǎn)生的高溫會使集氣瓶炸裂。

         

          7.用加熱方法制得的物質(zhì)蒸氣,在試管中冷凝并收集時(shí),導(dǎo)管口都必須與試管中液體的液面始終保持一定的距離,以防止液體經(jīng)導(dǎo)管倒吸到反應(yīng)器中。

         

          8.若需將HCl、NH3等易溶于水的氣體直接通入水中溶解,都必須在導(dǎo)管上倒接一漏斗并使漏斗邊沿稍許浸入水面,以避免水被吸入反應(yīng)器而導(dǎo)致實(shí)驗(yàn)失敗。

         

          9.洗氣瓶中供進(jìn)氣的導(dǎo)管務(wù)必插到所盛溶液的中下部,以利雜質(zhì)氣體與溶液充分反應(yīng)而除盡。供出氣的導(dǎo)管則又務(wù)必與塞子齊平或稍長一點(diǎn),以利排氣。

         

          11.制H2、CO2、H2S和C2H2等氣體時(shí),為方便添加酸液或水,可在容器的塞子上裝一長頸漏斗,且務(wù)必使漏斗頸插到液面以下,以免漏氣。

         

          12.制Cl2、HCl、C2H4氣體時(shí),為方便添加酸液,也可以在反應(yīng)器的塞子上裝一漏斗。但由于這些反應(yīng)都需要加熱,所以漏斗頸都必須置于反應(yīng)液之上,因而都選用分液漏斗。

         

          九.特殊試劑的存放和取用10例

         

          1.Na、K:隔絕空氣;防氧化,保存在煤油中(或液態(tài)烷烴中),(Li用石蠟密封保存)。用鑷子取,玻片上切,濾紙吸煤油,剩余部分隨即放人煤油中。

         

          2.白磷:保存在水中,防氧化,放冷暗處。鑷子取,并立即放入水中用長柄小刀切取,濾紙吸干水分。

         

          3.液Br2:有毒易揮發(fā),盛于磨口的細(xì)口瓶中,并用水封。瓶蓋嚴(yán)密。

         

          4.I2:易升華,且具有強(qiáng)烈刺激性氣味,應(yīng)保存在用蠟封好的瓶中,放置低溫處。

         

          5.濃HNO3,AgNO3:見光易分解,應(yīng)保存在棕色瓶中,放在低溫避光處。

         

          6.固體燒堿:易潮解,應(yīng)用易于密封的干燥大口瓶保存。瓶口用橡膠塞塞嚴(yán)或用塑料蓋蓋緊。

         

          7.NH3oH2O:易揮發(fā),應(yīng)密封放低溫處。

         

          8.C6H6、、C6H5-CH3、CH3CH2OH、CH3CH2OCH2CH3:易揮發(fā)、易燃,應(yīng)密封存放低溫處,并遠(yuǎn)離火源。

         

          9.Fe2+鹽溶液、H2SO3及其鹽溶液、氫硫酸及其鹽溶液:因易被空氣氧化,不宜長期放置,應(yīng)現(xiàn)用現(xiàn)配。

         

          10.鹵水、石灰水、銀氨溶液、Cu(OH)2懸濁液等,都要隨配隨用,不能長時(shí)間放置。

         

          十.中學(xué)化學(xué)中與"0"有關(guān)的實(shí)驗(yàn)問題4例

         

          1.滴定管最上面的刻度是0。

         

          2.量筒最下面的刻度是0。

         

          3.溫度計(jì)中間刻度是0。

         

          4.托盤天平的標(biāo)尺中央數(shù)值是0。

         

          十一.能夠做噴泉實(shí)驗(yàn)的氣體

         

          NH3、HCl、HBr、HI等極易溶于水的氣體均可做噴泉實(shí)驗(yàn)。其它氣體若能極易溶于某液體中時(shí)(如CO2易溶于燒堿溶液中),亦可做噴泉實(shí)驗(yàn)。

         

          十二.主要實(shí)驗(yàn)操作和實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象的具體實(shí)驗(yàn)80例

         

          1.鎂條在空氣中燃燒:發(fā)出耀眼強(qiáng)光,放出大量的熱,生成白煙同時(shí)生成一種白色物質(zhì)。

         

          2.木炭在氧氣中燃燒:發(fā)出白光,放出熱量。

         

          3.硫在氧氣中燃燒:發(fā)出明亮的藍(lán)紫色火焰,放出熱量,生成一種有刺激性氣味的氣體。

         

          4.鐵絲在氧氣中燃燒:劇烈燃燒,火星四射,放出熱量,生成黑色固體物質(zhì)。

         

          5.加熱試管中碳酸氫銨:有刺激性氣味氣體生成,試管上有液滴生成。

         

          6.氫氣在空氣中燃燒:火焰呈現(xiàn)淡藍(lán)色。

         

          7.氫氣在氯氣中燃燒:發(fā)出蒼白色火焰,產(chǎn)生大量的熱。

         

          8.在試管中用氫氣還原氧化銅:黑色氧化銅變?yōu)榧t色物質(zhì),試管口有液滴生成。

         

          9.用木炭粉還原氧化銅粉末,使生成氣體通入澄清石灰水,黑色氧化銅變?yōu)橛泄鉂傻慕饘兕w粒,石灰水變渾濁。

         

          10.一氧化碳在空氣中燃燒:發(fā)出藍(lán)色的火焰,放出熱量。

         

          11.向盛有少量碳酸鉀固體的試管中滴加鹽酸:有氣體生成。

         

          12.加熱試管中的硫酸銅晶體:藍(lán)色晶體逐漸變?yōu)榘咨勰,且試管口有液滴生成?/p>

         

          13.鈉在氯氣中燃燒:劇烈燃燒,生成白色固體。

         

          14.點(diǎn)燃純凈的氯氣,用干冷燒杯罩在火焰上:發(fā)出淡藍(lán)色火焰,燒杯內(nèi)壁有液滴生成。

         

          15.向含有C1-的溶液中滴加用硝酸酸化的硝酸銀溶液,有白色沉淀生成。

         

          16.向含有SO42-的溶液中滴加用硝酸酸化的氯化鋇溶液,有白色沉淀生成。

         

          17.一帶銹鐵釘投入盛稀硫酸的試管中并加熱:鐵銹逐漸溶解,溶液呈淺黃色,并有氣體生成。

         

          18.在硫酸銅溶液中滴加氫氧化鈉溶液:有藍(lán)色絮狀沉淀生成。

         

          19.將Cl2通入無色KI溶液中,溶液中有褐色的物質(zhì)產(chǎn)生。

         

          20.在三氯化鐵溶液中滴加氫氧化鈉溶液:有紅褐色沉淀生成。

         

          21.盛有生石灰的試管里加少量水:反應(yīng)劇烈,發(fā)出大量熱。

         

          22.將一潔凈鐵釘浸入硫酸銅溶液中:鐵釘表面有紅色物質(zhì)附著,溶液顏色逐漸變淺。

         

          23.將銅片插入硝酸汞溶液中:銅片表面有銀白色物質(zhì)附著。

         

          24.向盛有石灰水的試管里,注入濃的碳酸鈉溶液:有白色沉淀生成。

         

          25.細(xì)銅絲在氯氣中燃燒后加入水:有棕色的煙生成,加水后生成綠色的溶液。

         

          26.強(qiáng)光照射氫氣、氯氣的混合氣體:迅速反應(yīng)發(fā)生爆炸。

         

          27.紅磷在氯氣中燃燒:有白色煙霧生成。

         

          28.氯氣遇到濕的有色布條:有色布條的顏色退去。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

         

          29.加熱濃鹽酸與二氧化錳的混合物:有黃綠色刺激性氣味氣體生成。

         

          30.給氯化鈉(固)與硫酸(濃)的混合物加熱:有霧生成且有刺激性的氣味生成。

         

          31.在溴化鈉溶液中滴加硝酸銀溶液后再加稀硝酸:有淺黃色沉淀生成。

         

          32.在碘化鉀溶液中滴加硝酸銀溶液后再加稀硝酸:有黃色沉淀生成。

         

          33.I2遇淀粉,生成藍(lán)色溶液。

         

          34.細(xì)銅絲在硫蒸氣中燃燒:細(xì)銅絲發(fā)紅后生成黑色物質(zhì)。

         

          35.鐵粉與硫粉混合后加熱到紅熱:反應(yīng)繼續(xù)進(jìn)行,放出大量熱,生成黑色物質(zhì)。

         

          36.硫化氫氣體不完全燃燒(在火焰上罩上蒸發(fā)皿):火焰呈淡藍(lán)色(蒸發(fā)皿底部有黃色的粉末)。

         

          37.硫化氫氣體完全燃燒(在火焰上罩上干冷燒杯):火焰呈淡藍(lán)色,生成有刺激性氣味的氣體(燒杯內(nèi)壁有液滴生成)。

         

          38.在集氣瓶中混合硫化氫和二氧化硫:瓶內(nèi)壁有黃色粉末生成。

         

          39.二氧化硫氣體通入品紅溶液后再加熱:紅色退去,加熱后又恢復(fù)原來顏色。

         

          40.過量的銅投入盛有濃硫酸的試管,并加熱,反應(yīng)畢,待溶液冷卻后加水:有刺激性氣味的氣體生成,加水后溶液呈天藍(lán)色。

         

          41.加熱盛有濃硫酸和木炭的試管:有氣體生成,且氣體有刺激性的氣味。

         

          42.鈉在空氣中燃燒:火焰呈黃色,生成淡黃色物質(zhì)。

         

          43.鈉投入水中:反應(yīng)激烈,鈉浮于水面,放出大量的熱使鈉溶成小球在水面上游動(dòng),有"嗤嗤"聲。

         

          44.把水滴入盛有過氧化鈉固體的試管里,將帶火星木條伸入試管口:木條復(fù)燃。

         

          45.加熱碳酸氫鈉固體,使生成氣體通入澄清石灰水:澄清石灰水變渾濁。

         

          46.氨氣與氯化氫相遇:有大量的白煙產(chǎn)生。

         

          47.加熱氯化銨與氫氧化鈣的混合物:有刺激性氣味的氣體產(chǎn)生。

         

          48.加熱盛有固體氯化銨的試管:在試管口有白色晶體產(chǎn)生。

         

          49.無色試劑瓶內(nèi)的濃硝酸受到陽光照射:瓶中空間部分顯棕色,硝酸呈黃色。

         

          50.銅片與濃硝酸反應(yīng):反應(yīng)激烈,有紅棕色氣體產(chǎn)生。

         

          51.銅片與稀硝酸反應(yīng):試管下端產(chǎn)生無色氣體,氣體上升逐漸變成紅棕色。

         

          52.在硅酸鈉溶液中加入稀鹽酸,有白色膠狀沉淀產(chǎn)生。

         

          53.在氫氧化鐵膠體中加硫酸鎂溶液:膠體變渾濁。

         

          54.加熱氫氧化鐵膠體:膠體變渾濁。

         

          55.將點(diǎn)燃的鎂條伸入盛有二氧化碳的集氣瓶中:劇烈燃燒,有黑色物質(zhì)附著于集氣瓶內(nèi)壁。

         

          56.向硫酸鋁溶液中滴加氨水:生成蓬松的白色絮狀物質(zhì)。

         

          57.向硫酸亞鐵溶液中滴加氫氧化鈉溶液:有白色絮狀沉淀生成,立即轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榛揖G色,一會兒又轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榧t褐色沉淀。

         

          58.向含F(xiàn)e3+的溶液中滴入KSCN溶液:溶液呈血紅色。

         

          59.向硫化鈉水溶液中滴加氯水:溶液變渾濁。S2-+Cl2=2Cl2-+S↓

         

          60.向天然水中加入少量肥皂液:泡沫逐漸減少,且有沉淀產(chǎn)生。

         

          61.在空氣中點(diǎn)燃甲烷,并在火焰上放干冷燒杯:火焰呈淡藍(lán)色,燒杯內(nèi)壁有液滴產(chǎn)生。

         

          62.光照甲烷與氯氣的混合氣體:黃綠色逐漸變淺,時(shí)間較長,(容器內(nèi)壁有液滴生成)。

         

          63.加熱(170℃)乙醇與濃硫酸的混合物,并使產(chǎn)生的氣體通入溴水,通入酸性高錳酸鉀溶液:有氣體產(chǎn)生,溴水褪色,紫色逐漸變淺。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

         

          64.在空氣中點(diǎn)燃乙烯:火焰明亮,有黑煙產(chǎn)生,放出熱量。

         

          65.在空氣中點(diǎn)燃乙炔:火焰明亮,有濃煙產(chǎn)生,放出熱量。

         

          66.苯在空氣中燃燒:火焰明亮,并帶有黑煙。

         

          67.乙醇在空氣中燃燒:火焰呈現(xiàn)淡藍(lán)色。

         

          68.將乙炔通入溴水:溴水褪去顏色。

         

          69.將乙炔通入酸性高錳酸鉀溶液:紫色逐漸變淺,直至褪去。

         

          70.苯與溴在有鐵粉做催化劑的條件下反應(yīng):有白霧產(chǎn)生,生成物油狀且?guī)в泻稚?/p>

         

          71.將少量甲苯倒入適量的高錳酸鉀溶液中,振蕩:紫色褪色。

         

          72.將金屬鈉投入到盛有乙醇的試管中:有氣體放出。

         

          73.在盛有少量苯酚的試管中滴入過量的濃溴水:有白色沉淀生成。

         

          74.在盛有苯酚的試管中滴入幾滴三氯化鐵溶液,振蕩:溶液顯紫色。

         

          75.乙醛與銀氨溶液在試管中反應(yīng):潔凈的試管內(nèi)壁附著一層光亮如鏡的物質(zhì)。

         

          76.在加熱至沸騰的情況下乙醛與新制的氫氧化銅反應(yīng):有紅色沉淀生成。

         

          77.在適宜條件下乙醇和乙酸反應(yīng):有透明的帶香味的油狀液體生成。

         

          78.蛋白質(zhì)遇到濃HNO3溶液:變成黃色。

         

          79.紫色的石蕊試液遇堿:變成藍(lán)色。

         

          80.無色酚酞試液遇堿:變成紅色。

         

          十三.有機(jī)實(shí)驗(yàn)的八項(xiàng)注意

         

          有機(jī)實(shí)驗(yàn)是中學(xué)化學(xué)教學(xué)的重要內(nèi)容,是高考會考的?純(nèi)容。對于有機(jī)實(shí)驗(yàn)的操作及復(fù)習(xí)必須注意以下八點(diǎn)內(nèi)容。

         

         。.注意加熱方式

         

          有機(jī)實(shí)驗(yàn)往往需要加熱,而不同的實(shí)驗(yàn)其加熱方式可能不一樣。

         

          ⑴酒精燈加熱。酒精燈的火焰溫度一般在400~500℃,所以需要溫度不太高的實(shí)驗(yàn)都可用酒精燈加熱。教材中用酒精燈加熱的有機(jī)實(shí)驗(yàn)是:"乙烯的制備實(shí)驗(yàn)"、"乙酸乙酯的制取實(shí)驗(yàn)""蒸餾石油實(shí)驗(yàn)"和"石蠟的催化裂化實(shí)驗(yàn)"。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

         

         、凭凭珖姛艏訜。酒精噴燈的火焰溫度比酒精燈的火焰溫度要高得多,所以需要較高溫度的有機(jī)實(shí)驗(yàn)可采用酒精噴燈加熱。教材中用酒精噴燈加熱的有機(jī)實(shí)驗(yàn)是:"煤的干餾實(shí)驗(yàn)"。

         

         、撬〖訜。水浴加熱的溫度不超過100℃。教材中用水浴加熱的有機(jī)實(shí)驗(yàn)有:"銀鏡實(shí)驗(yàn)(包括醛類、糖類等的所有的銀鏡實(shí)驗(yàn))"、"硝基苯的制取實(shí)驗(yàn)(水浴溫度為60℃)"、"酚醛樹酯的制取實(shí)驗(yàn)(沸水浴)"、"乙酸乙酯的水解實(shí)驗(yàn)(水浴溫度為70℃~80℃)"和"糖類(包括二糖、淀粉和纖維素等)水解實(shí)驗(yàn)(熱水。"。

         

         、扔脺囟扔(jì)測溫的有機(jī)實(shí)驗(yàn)有:"硝基苯的制取實(shí)驗(yàn)"、"乙酸乙酯的制取實(shí)驗(yàn)"(以上兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)中的溫度計(jì)水銀球都是插在反應(yīng)液外的水浴液中,測定水浴的溫度)、"乙烯的實(shí)驗(yàn)室制取實(shí)驗(yàn)"(溫度計(jì)水銀球插入反應(yīng)液中,測定反應(yīng)液的溫度)和"石油的蒸餾實(shí)驗(yàn)"(溫度計(jì)水銀球應(yīng)插在具支燒瓶支管口處,測定餾出物的溫度)。

         

          2、注意催化劑的使用

         

          ⑴硫酸做催化劑的實(shí)驗(yàn)有:"乙烯的制取實(shí)驗(yàn)"、"硝基苯的制取實(shí)驗(yàn)"、"乙酸乙酯的制取實(shí)驗(yàn)"、"纖維素硝酸酯的制取實(shí)驗(yàn)"、"糖類(包括二糖、淀粉和纖維素)水解實(shí)驗(yàn)"和"乙酸乙酯的水解實(shí)驗(yàn)"。

         

          其中前四個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的催化劑為濃硫酸,后兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的催化劑為稀硫酸,其中最后一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)也可以用氫氧化鈉溶液做催化劑

         

         、畦F做催化劑的實(shí)驗(yàn)有:溴苯的制取實(shí)驗(yàn)(實(shí)際上起催化作用的是溴與鐵反應(yīng)后生成的溴化鐵)。

         

         、茄趸X做催化劑的實(shí)驗(yàn)有:石蠟的催化裂化實(shí)驗(yàn)。

         

          3、注意反應(yīng)物的量

         

          有機(jī)實(shí)驗(yàn)要注意嚴(yán)格控制反應(yīng)物的量及各反應(yīng)物的比例,如"乙烯的制備實(shí)驗(yàn)"必須注意乙醇和濃硫酸的比例為1:3,且需要的量不要太多,否則反應(yīng)物升溫太慢,副反應(yīng)較多,從而影響了乙烯的產(chǎn)率。

         

          4、注意冷卻

         

          有機(jī)實(shí)驗(yàn)中的反應(yīng)物和產(chǎn)物多為揮發(fā)性的有害物質(zhì),所以必須注意對揮發(fā)出的反應(yīng)物和產(chǎn)物進(jìn)行冷卻。

         

         、判枰渌ㄓ美淠苁⒀b)冷卻的實(shí)驗(yàn):"蒸餾水的制取實(shí)驗(yàn)"和"石油的蒸餾實(shí)驗(yàn)"。

         

         、朴每諝饫鋮s(用長玻璃管連接反應(yīng)裝置)的實(shí)驗(yàn):"硝基苯的制取實(shí)驗(yàn)"、"酚醛樹酯的制取實(shí)驗(yàn)"、"乙酸乙酯的制取實(shí)驗(yàn)"、"石蠟的催化裂化實(shí)驗(yàn)"和"溴苯的制取實(shí)驗(yàn)"。

         

          這些實(shí)驗(yàn)需要冷卻的目的是減少反應(yīng)物或生成物的揮發(fā),既保證了實(shí)驗(yàn)的順利進(jìn)行,又減少了這些揮發(fā)物對人的危害和對環(huán)境的污染。

         

          5、注意除雜

         

          有機(jī)物的實(shí)驗(yàn)往往副反應(yīng)較多,導(dǎo)致產(chǎn)物中的雜質(zhì)也多,為了保證產(chǎn)物的純凈,必須注意對產(chǎn)物進(jìn)行凈化除雜。如"乙烯的制備實(shí)驗(yàn)"中乙烯中常含有CO2和SO2等雜質(zhì)氣體,可將這種混合氣體通入到濃堿液中除去酸性氣體;再如"溴苯的制備實(shí)驗(yàn)"和"硝基苯的制備實(shí)驗(yàn)",產(chǎn)物溴苯和硝基苯中分別含有溴和NO2,因此,產(chǎn)物可用濃堿液洗滌。

         

         。、注意攪拌

         

          注意不斷攪拌也是有機(jī)實(shí)驗(yàn)的一個(gè)注意條件。如"濃硫酸使蔗糖脫水實(shí)驗(yàn)"(也稱"黑面包"實(shí)驗(yàn))(目的是使?jié)饬蛩崤c蔗糖迅速混合,在短時(shí)間內(nèi)急劇反應(yīng),以便反應(yīng)放出的氣體和大量的熱使蔗糖炭化生成的炭等固體物質(zhì)快速膨脹)、"乙烯制備實(shí)驗(yàn)"中醇酸混合液的配制。

         

          7、注意使用沸石(防止暴沸)

         

          需要使用沸石的有機(jī)實(shí)驗(yàn):⑴實(shí)驗(yàn)室中制取乙烯的實(shí)驗(yàn);⑵石油蒸餾實(shí)驗(yàn)。

         

         。浮⒆⒁馕矚獾奶幚

         

          有機(jī)實(shí)驗(yàn)中往往揮發(fā)或產(chǎn)生有害氣體,因此必須對這種有害氣體的尾氣進(jìn)行無害化處理。

         

         、湃缂淄、乙烯、乙炔的制取實(shí)驗(yàn)中可將可燃性的尾氣燃燒掉;⑵"溴苯的制取實(shí)驗(yàn)"和"硝基苯的制備實(shí)驗(yàn)"中可用冷卻的方法將有害揮發(fā)物回流。

         

          十四.離子反應(yīng)離子共存離子方程式

         

          電解質(zhì)在溶液里所起的反應(yīng),實(shí)質(zhì)上就是離子之間的相互反應(yīng)。離子間的反應(yīng)是趨向于降低離子濃度的方向進(jìn)行。離子反應(yīng)通常用離子方程式來表示。理解掌握離子反應(yīng)發(fā)生的條件和正確書寫離子方程式是學(xué)好離子反應(yīng)的關(guān)鍵。溶液中離子共存的問題,取決于離子之間是否發(fā)生化學(xué)反應(yīng),如離子間能反應(yīng),這些離子就不能大量共存于同一溶液中。

         

        試題詳情

        高考理綜化學(xué)復(fù)習(xí)最后階段的整理、糾錯(cuò)

        ­­

        題首語:錯(cuò)解是成功之母,反思是成功之父,整理是成功之路,糾錯(cuò)是成功之行

        在高三化學(xué)復(fù)習(xí)的最后階段,如何提高復(fù)習(xí)的針對性;提高做題過程的時(shí)效性,達(dá)到查漏補(bǔ)缺,以不變應(yīng)萬變之目的。在有限的復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)間里,實(shí)現(xiàn)考試實(shí)力的最大提高。為此,在歷年的高三高考備考的實(shí)踐基礎(chǔ)上,參考2008年高三階段的實(shí)際復(fù)習(xí)知識體系,結(jié)合學(xué)生復(fù)習(xí)過程中出現(xiàn)的易混易錯(cuò)的知識點(diǎn)或試題,編制成系列問題,供學(xué)生自查、整理、糾錯(cuò)。

         “元素化合物”知識模塊

        1.堿金屬元素原子半徑越大,熔點(diǎn)也越高,單質(zhì)的活潑性越大

        2.硫與白磷皆易溶于二硫化碳、四氯化碳等有機(jī)溶劑,有機(jī)酸則較難溶于水

        3.在硫酸銅飽和溶液中加入足量濃硫酸產(chǎn)生白色固體

        4.能與冷水反應(yīng)放出氣體單質(zhì)的只有是活潑的金屬單質(zhì)或活潑的非金屬單質(zhì)

        5.將空氣液化,然后逐漸升溫,先制得氧氣,余下氮?dú)?/p>

        6.把生鐵冶煉成碳素鋼要解決的主要問題是除去生鐵中除Fe以外各種元素,把生鐵提純

        7.雖然自然界含鉀的物質(zhì)均易溶于水,但土壤中K%不高,故需施鉀肥滿足植物生長需要

        8.制取漂白粉、配制波爾多液以及改良酸性土壤時(shí),都要用到熟石灰

        9.二氧化硅是酸性氧化物,它不溶于酸溶液

        10.鐵屑溶于過量鹽酸,再加入氯水或溴水或碘水或硝酸鋅,皆會產(chǎn)生Fe3+

        11.常溫下,濃硝酸可以用鋁罐貯存,說明鋁與濃硝酸不反應(yīng)

        12.NaAlO2、Na2SiO3、Na2CO3、Ca(ClO)2、NaOH、C17H35COONa、C6H5ONa等飽和溶液中通入CO2

        出現(xiàn)白色沉淀,繼續(xù)通入CO2至過量,白色沉淀仍不消失

        13.大氣中大量二氧化硫來源于煤和石油的燃燒以及金屬礦石的冶煉

        14.某澄清溶液由NH4Cl、AgNO3、NaOH三種物質(zhì)混合而成,若加入足量硝酸必產(chǎn)生白色沉淀

        15.為了充分利用原料,硫酸工業(yè)中的尾氣必須經(jīng)凈化、回收處理

        16.用1molAl與足量NaOH溶液反應(yīng),共有3mol電子發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)移

        17.硫化鈉既不能與燒堿溶液反應(yīng),也不能與氫硫酸反應(yīng)

        18.在含有較高濃度的Fe3的溶液中,SCN、I、AlO2、S2、CO32-、HCO3-等不能大量共存

        19.活性炭、二氧化硫、氯水等都能使品紅褪色,但反應(yīng)本質(zhì)有所不同

        20.乙酸乙酯、三溴苯酚、乙酸鈉、液溴、玻璃、重晶石、重鈣等都能與燒堿反應(yīng)

        21.在FeBr2溶液中通入一定量Cl2可得FeBr3、FeCl2、Br2

        22.在NaAlO2、Na2SiO3、Na2CO3、Ca(ClO)2、NaOH、C17H35COONa、C6H5ONa等飽和溶液中通入

        CO2氣體,出現(xiàn)白色沉淀,繼續(xù)通入CO2至過量,白色沉淀仍不消失

        23.在次氯酸鈉溶液中通入少量二氧化硫可得亞硫酸鈉與次氯酸

        24.有5.6g鐵與足量酸反應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)移電子數(shù)目為0.2NA

        25.含有最高價(jià)元素的化合物不一定具有強(qiáng)氧化性

        26.單質(zhì)的還原性越弱,則其氧化性越強(qiáng)

        27.下列物質(zhì)與水反應(yīng)能產(chǎn)生可燃性氣體:電石、硫化鋁、紅熱的炭、過氧化鈉等

        38.單質(zhì)X能從鹽的溶液中置換出單質(zhì)Y,則單質(zhì)X與Y的物質(zhì)屬性可以是:(1)金屬和金屬;(2)非金屬和非金屬;(3)金屬和非金屬;(4)非金屬和金屬;

        29.H2S、HI、FeCl2、濃H2SO4、Na2SO3、苯酚等溶液在空氣中久置因發(fā)生氧化還原反應(yīng)而變質(zhì)

        30.濃硝酸、濃硫酸在常溫下都能與銅、鐵等發(fā)生反應(yīng)

         “基本概念基礎(chǔ)理論”知識模塊

        1.與水反應(yīng)可生成酸的氧化物都是酸性氧化物

        2.分子中鍵能越大,分子化學(xué)性質(zhì)越穩(wěn)定。

        3.金屬活動(dòng)性順序表中排在氫前面的金屬都能從酸溶液中置換出氫

        4.既能與酸反應(yīng)又能與堿反應(yīng)的物質(zhì)是兩性氧化物或兩性氫氧化物

        5.原子核外最外層e-≤2的一定是金屬原子;目前金屬原子核外最外層電子數(shù)可為1/2/3/4/5/6/7

        6.非金屬元素原子氧化性弱,其陰離子的還原性則較強(qiáng)。

        7.質(zhì)子總數(shù)相同、核外電子總數(shù)也相同的兩種粒子可以是:(1)原子和原子;(2)原子和分子;(3)分子和分子;(4)原子和離子;(5)分子和離子;(6)陰離子和陽離子;(7)陽離子和陽離子;w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

        8.鹽和堿反應(yīng)一定生成新鹽和新堿;酸和堿反應(yīng)一定只生成鹽和水

        9.pH=2和pH=4的兩種酸混合,其混合后溶液的pH值一定在2與4之間

        10.強(qiáng)電解質(zhì)在離子方程式中要寫成離子的形式

        11.電離出陽離子只有H的化合物一定能使紫色石蕊變紅

        12.甲酸電離方程式為:HCOOH=H++COOH-

        13.離子晶體都是離子化合物,分子晶體不都是共價(jià)化合物

        14.一般說來,金屬氧化物,金屬氫氧化物的膠體微粒帶正電荷

        15.元素周期表中,每一周期所具有的元素種數(shù)滿足2n2(n是自然數(shù))

        16.強(qiáng)電解質(zhì)的飽和溶液與弱電解質(zhì)的濃溶液的導(dǎo)電性都比較強(qiáng)

        17.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀況下,22.4L以任意比例混合的CO與CO2中所含碳原子總數(shù)約為NA

        18.同溫同壓,同質(zhì)量的兩種氣體體積之比等于兩種氣體密度的反比

        19.納米材料中超細(xì)粉末粒子的直徑(1-100nm)與膠體微粒的直徑在同一數(shù)量級

        20.1molOH-在電解過程中完全放電時(shí)電路中通過了NA個(gè)電子

        21.同體積同物質(zhì)的量濃度的Na2SO3、Na2S、NaHSO3、H2SO3溶液中離子數(shù)目依次減小

        22.碳-12的相對原子質(zhì)量為12,碳-12的摩爾質(zhì)量為12g/mol

        23.電解、電泳、電離、電化腐蝕均需在通電條件下才能進(jìn)行,均為化學(xué)變化

        24.油脂、淀粉、蛋白質(zhì)、硝化甘油、苯酚鈉、乙烯、明礬、Al2S3、Mg3N2、CaC2、等一定條件下皆能發(fā)生水解反應(yīng)

        25.氯化鉀晶體中存在K+與Cl-;過氧化鈉中存在Na+與O-為1:1;石英中只存在Si、O原子

        26.將NA個(gè)NO2氣體分子處于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀況下,其體積約為22.4L

        27.常溫常壓下,32g氧氣中含有NA個(gè)氧氣分子;60gSiO2中含有NA分子、3NA個(gè)原子

        28.構(gòu)成分子晶體的微粒中不一定含有共價(jià)鍵

        29.膠體能產(chǎn)生電泳現(xiàn)象,故膠體帶有電荷

        30.溶液的pH值越小,則其中所含的氫離子濃度就越大

        31.只有在離子化合物中才存在陰離子

        32.原子晶體熔化需要破壞極性鍵或非極性鍵

        33.液氨、液氯、液態(tài)二氧化硫等皆為非電解質(zhì)

        34.分子晶體的熔點(diǎn)不一定比金屬晶體低

        35.同一主族元素的單質(zhì)的熔沸點(diǎn)從上到下不一定升高,但其氫化物的熔沸點(diǎn)一定升高

        36.電解硫酸銅溶液或硝酸銀溶液后,溶液的酸性必定增強(qiáng)

        37.氯化鈉晶體中,每個(gè)鈉離子周圍距離最近且相等的鈉離子有6個(gè)

        38.用1L 1mol/L FeCl3溶液完全水解制膠體,生成NA個(gè)膠體微粒

        39.在HF、PCl3、P4、CO2、SF6等分子中,所有原子都滿足最外層8e-結(jié)構(gòu)

        40.最外層電子數(shù)較少的金屬元素,一定比最外層電子數(shù)較它多的金屬元素活潑性強(qiáng)

        “有機(jī)化學(xué)”知識模塊w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

        1.羥基官能團(tuán)可能發(fā)生反應(yīng)類型:取代、消去、酯化、氧化、縮聚、中和反應(yīng)

        2.最簡式為CH2O的有機(jī)物:甲酸甲酯、麥芽糖、纖維素

        3.分子式為C5H12O2的二元醇,主鏈碳原子有3個(gè)的結(jié)構(gòu)有2種

        4.常溫下,pH=11的溶液中水電離產(chǎn)生的c(H+)是純水電離產(chǎn)生的c(H+)的104

        5.甲烷與氯氣在紫外線照射下的反應(yīng)產(chǎn)物有4種

        6.醇類在一定條件下均能氧化生成醛,醛類在一定條件下均能氧化生成羧酸

        7.CH4O與C3H8O在濃硫酸作用下脫水,最多可得到7種有機(jī)產(chǎn)物

        8.分子組成為C5H10的烯烴,其可能結(jié)構(gòu)有5種

        9.分子式為C8H14O2,且結(jié)構(gòu)中含有六元碳環(huán)的酯類物質(zhì)共有7種

        10.等質(zhì)量甲烷、乙烯、乙炔充分燃燒時(shí),所耗用的氧氣的量由多到少。

        11.棉花和人造絲的主要成分都是纖維素

        12.聚四氟乙烯的化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性較好,其單體是不飽和烴,性質(zhì)比較活潑

        13.酯的水解產(chǎn)物只可能是酸和醇;四苯甲烷的一硝基取代物有3種

        14.甲酸脫水可得CO,CO在一定條件下與NaOH反應(yīng)得HCOONa,故CO是酸酐

        15.應(yīng)用水解、取代、加成、還原、氧化等反應(yīng)類型均可能在有機(jī)物分子中引入羥基

        16.由天然橡膠單體(2-甲基-1,3-丁二烯)與等物質(zhì)的量溴單質(zhì)加成反應(yīng),有三種可能生成物

        17.苯中混有己烯,可在加入適量溴水后分液除去

        18.由2-丙醇與溴化鈉、硫酸混合加熱,可制得丙烯

        19.混在溴乙烷中的乙醇可加入適量氫溴酸除去

        20.應(yīng)用干餾方法可將煤焦油中的苯等芳香族化合物分離出來

        21.甘氨酸與谷氨酸、苯與萘、丙烯酸與油酸、葡萄糖與麥芽糖皆不互為同系物

        22.裂化汽油、裂解氣、活性炭、粗氨水、石炭酸、CCl4、焦?fàn)t氣等都能使溴水褪色

        23.苯酚既能與燒堿反應(yīng),也能與硝酸反應(yīng)

        24.常溫下,乙醇、乙二醇、丙三醇、苯酚都能以任意比例與水互溶

        25.利用硝酸發(fā)生硝化反應(yīng)的性質(zhì),可制得硝基苯、硝化甘油、硝酸纖維

        26.分子式C8H16O2的有機(jī)物X,水解生成兩種不含支鏈的直鏈產(chǎn)物,則符合題意的X有7種

        27.1,2-二氯乙烷、1,1-二氯丙烷、一氯苯在NaOH醇溶液中加熱分別生成乙炔、丙炔、苯炔

        28.甲醛加聚生成聚甲醛,乙二醇消去生成環(huán)氧以醚,甲基丙烯酸甲酯縮聚生成有機(jī)玻璃

        29.甲醛、乙醛、甲酸、甲酸酯、甲酸鹽、葡萄糖、果糖、麥芽糖、蔗糖都能發(fā)生銀鏡反應(yīng)

        30.乙炔、聚乙炔、乙烯、聚乙烯、甲苯、乙醛、甲酸、乙酸都能使KMnO4(H+)(aq)褪色

        “化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)”知識模塊w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

        1.銀氨溶液、氫氧化銅懸濁液、氫硫酸等試劑不宜長期存放,應(yīng)現(xiàn)配現(xiàn)用

        2.實(shí)驗(yàn)室制取氧氣完畢后,應(yīng)先取出集氣瓶,再取出導(dǎo)管,后停止加熱

        3.品紅試紙、醋酸鉛試紙、pH試紙、石蕊試紙?jiān)谑褂们氨仨毾扔谜麴s水潤濕

        4.用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)鹽酸滴定未知NaOH溶液時(shí),所用錐形瓶不能用未知NaOH溶液潤洗

        5.為防止揮發(fā),濃氨水、氫氟酸、漂白粉、液溴、汽油、乙酸乙酯等均需密封保存

        6.濃H2SO4沾到皮膚上,應(yīng)立即用水沖洗,再用干燥布擦凈,最后涂上NaHCO3溶液

        7.一支25mL的滴定管中,液面所在刻度為12.00,則其中所盛液體體積大于13.00mL

        8.準(zhǔn)確量取25.00mL的KMnO4溶液,可用50mL堿式滴定管

        9.分液時(shí),分液漏斗中下層液體從下口放出,上層液體從上口倒出

        10.蒸餾時(shí),應(yīng)使溫度計(jì)水銀球靠近蒸餾燒瓶支管口。分析下列實(shí)驗(yàn)溫度計(jì)水銀球位置。

        (測定溶解度、制乙烯、硝基苯、苯磺酸、酚醛樹脂、乙酸乙酯制備與水解、糖水解)

        11.滴定時(shí),左手控制滴定管活塞,右手握持錐形瓶,邊滴邊振蕩,眼睛注視滴定管中的液面下降的速度

        12.稱量時(shí),稱量物放在稱量紙上,置于托盤天平的右盤,砝碼放在托盤天平的左盤中

        13.試管中注入某無色溶液密封,加熱試管,溶液變紅色,冷卻后又變無色。確定溶液成分

        14.一種試劑可以鑒別甲苯、氯仿、己烯、酒精、苯酚水溶液、純堿溶液

        15.氫氧化鈉溶液滴定醋酸時(shí),通常選擇甲基橙作指示劑,終點(diǎn)顏色由橙變黃

        16.除去蛋白質(zhì)溶液中的可溶性鹽可通過鹽析的方法

        17.配制硫酸亞鐵溶液所用的蒸餾水應(yīng)預(yù)先煮沸,以除去溶解在水中的氧氣

        18.試管、蒸發(fā)皿、坩堝、錐形瓶等儀器均可直接在酒精燈火焰上加熱

        19.所謂硅膠,即硅酸膠體。硅膠變色為物理變化〔CoCl2?H2O(藍(lán)色)CoCl2?6H2O(紅色)〕

        20.飽和純堿溶液可除去乙酸乙酯中的乙酸;滲析法分離油脂皂化所得的混合液

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