上海市徐匯區(qū)2009屆高三第二次模擬考試

語(yǔ)  文

閱  讀(80分)

(一)閱讀下文，完成第1―7題。(21分)

    ①學(xué)校向來(lái)是把傳統(tǒng)的財(cái)富從一代傳到另一代的最重要機(jī)構(gòu)。同過(guò)去相比，在今天就更是這樣�，F(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)生活的發(fā)展，使家庭作為傳統(tǒng)和教育的承擔(dān)者角色削弱了。因此比起以前來(lái)，人類(lèi)社會(huì)的延續(xù)和健全要在更高程度上依靠學(xué)校。   

    ②有時(shí)，人們把學(xué)校簡(jiǎn)單地看作一種工具，靠它來(lái)把最大量的知識(shí)傳授給成長(zhǎng)中的一代。但是這種看法并不正確。知識(shí)是死的，學(xué)校卻要為活人服務(wù)。它應(yīng)當(dāng)在青年人中發(fā)展那些有益于公共福利的品質(zhì)和才能。但這并不意味著應(yīng)當(dāng)消滅個(gè)性，使個(gè)人僅僅變成社會(huì)的工具，像一只蜜蜂或螞蟻那樣。因?yàn)橛?u>統(tǒng)一規(guī)格的人所組成的社會(huì)，將是一個(gè)沒(méi)有發(fā)展可能的不幸的社會(huì)。相反，學(xué)校的目標(biāo)應(yīng)當(dāng)是培養(yǎng)獨(dú)立工作和獨(dú)立思考的人，這些人把為社會(huì)服務(wù)看作自己最高的人生問(wèn)題。   

    ③但是人們應(yīng)當(dāng)怎樣來(lái)努力達(dá)到這種理想呢?是不是要用講道理來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)目標(biāo)呢?完全不是。言辭永遠(yuǎn)是空的，而且通向毀滅的道路總是和侈談理想聯(lián)系在一起，但是人格絕不是靠言語(yǔ)，而是靠行動(dòng)來(lái)形成的。

    ④因此，最重要的總是鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生去實(shí)際行動(dòng)。初入學(xué)的兒童第一次學(xué)寫(xiě)字便是如此，大學(xué)畢業(yè)寫(xiě)博士論文也是如此，簡(jiǎn)單地默記一首詩(shī)，寫(xiě)一篇作文，解釋和翻譯一段課文，解一道數(shù)學(xué)題目，或體育運(yùn)動(dòng)的實(shí)踐，也都是如此。

    ⑤但在每項(xiàng)成績(jī)背后都有一種推動(dòng)力，它是成績(jī)的基礎(chǔ)；反過(guò)來(lái)，計(jì)劃的實(shí)現(xiàn)也增長(zhǎng)和加強(qiáng)了這種推動(dòng)力。但同樣是工作的動(dòng)力，可以是恐怖和強(qiáng)制，是追求威信和榮譽(yù)的好勝心，或者也可以是對(duì)于對(duì)象的誠(chéng)摯興趣和追求真理的愿望，也就是每個(gè)健康兒童都具有的天賦和好奇心，只是這種好奇心很早就衰退了。同一工作的完成，對(duì)于學(xué)生的教育影響可以有很大差別，這要看推動(dòng)工作的主因究竟是對(duì)苦痛的恐懼，是自私的欲望，還是充滿(mǎn)快樂(lè)和滿(mǎn)足的追求。這里有極大的差別，對(duì)學(xué)校的教育價(jià)值關(guān)系也極大。

    ⑥我以為對(duì)學(xué)校來(lái)說(shuō)最壞的事，是主要靠恐嚇、暴力和人為的權(quán)威這些辦法來(lái)進(jìn)行工作。這種做法摧殘了學(xué)生們的健康感情、誠(chéng)懇正直和自信心，它制造出的是唯唯諾諾的人。

    ⑦而好勝心，或者說(shuō)得婉轉(zhuǎn)些，是期望得到表?yè)P(yáng)和尊重，它根深蒂固地存在于人的本性之中。沒(méi)有這種精神刺激，人類(lèi)合作就完全不可能；一個(gè)人希望得到他同類(lèi)贊許的愿望，肯定是社會(huì)對(duì)他的最大約束力之一。但在這種復(fù)雜的感情中，建設(shè)性同破壞性的力量密切地交織在一起。要求得到表?yè)P(yáng)和贊許的愿望，本來(lái)是一種健康的動(dòng)機(jī)；但如果要求別人承認(rèn)自己比同學(xué)、伙伴們更高明、更強(qiáng)有力或更有才智，那就容易產(chǎn)生極端自私的心理狀態(tài)，而這對(duì)個(gè)人和社會(huì)都有害。

    ⑧達(dá)爾文的生存競(jìng)爭(zhēng)以及同它有關(guān)的選擇理論，被很多人引證來(lái)作為鼓勵(lì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)精神的根據(jù)，有些人還試圖偽科學(xué)地證明個(gè)人之間這種破壞性競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的必然性。但這是錯(cuò)誤的，因?yàn)槿嗽谏�存�?jìng)爭(zhēng)中的力量全在于他是一個(gè)過(guò)著社會(huì)生活的動(dòng)物。因此，人們必須防止把習(xí)慣意義上的成功作為人生目標(biāo)向青年人宣傳。因?yàn)橐粋�(gè)獲得成功的人從他人那里所取得的，總是無(wú)可比擬地超過(guò)他對(duì)他們的貢獻(xiàn)；然而看一個(gè)人的價(jià)值應(yīng)當(dāng)是從他的貢獻(xiàn)來(lái)看，而不應(yīng)當(dāng)看他所能取得的多少。

    ⑨在學(xué)校里和生活中，工作的最重要的動(dòng)機(jī)是在工作中的樂(lè)趣，以及對(duì)這些工作結(jié)果的社會(huì)價(jià)值的認(rèn)識(shí)。啟發(fā)并加強(qiáng)青年人的這些心理力量，我看這該是學(xué)校最重要的任務(wù)。只有這樣的心理基礎(chǔ)，才能引導(dǎo)出一種愉快的愿望，去追求人類(lèi)的最高財(cái)富――知識(shí)和藝術(shù)技能。

    ⑩要啟發(fā)這種創(chuàng)造性的心理才能，當(dāng)然不像使用強(qiáng)力或者喚起個(gè)人好勝心那樣容易，但也正因?yàn)槿绱�，才更有價(jià)值。關(guān)鍵在于發(fā)展孩子們對(duì)游戲的天真愛(ài)好和獲得他人贊許的天真愿望，引導(dǎo)他們?yōu)榱松鐣?huì)的需要參與到重要的領(lǐng)域中去。這種教育的主要基礎(chǔ)是這樣一種愿望，即希望得到有效的活動(dòng)能力和人們的謝意。如果學(xué)校從這樣的觀點(diǎn)出發(fā)勝利完成了任務(wù)，它就會(huì)受到青年人的高度尊敬，學(xué)校規(guī)定的課業(yè)就會(huì)被他們當(dāng)作禮物來(lái)領(lǐng)受。

    ⑾有件事或許你們會(huì)覺(jué)得奇怪。我詳細(xì)講到的是，我認(rèn)為應(yīng)當(dāng)以什么精神教導(dǎo)青少年，我既未講到課程設(shè)置，也未講到教學(xué)方法。因?yàn)檎瘴铱磥?lái)，這都是次要的。如果青年人通過(guò)體操和遠(yuǎn)足活動(dòng)訓(xùn)練了肌肉和體能，以后他就會(huì)適應(yīng)任何體力勞動(dòng)；智力和手藝方面技能的鍛煉也類(lèi)似這樣。因此，馮?勞厄確實(shí)講得很對(duì)：“如果人們忘掉了他們?cè)趯W(xué)校里所學(xué)到的每一樣?xùn)|西，那么留下來(lái)的就是教育�！本褪沁@個(gè)原因，我對(duì)于遵守古典文史教育制度的人同那些著重自然科學(xué)教育的人之間的爭(zhēng)論，一點(diǎn)也不急于想偏袒哪一方。

    [注]本文是愛(ài)因斯坦1936年10月15日在紐約州立大學(xué)舉行的“美國(guó)高等教育300周年紀(jì)念會(huì)”上的演講稿，有刪改。

1．(2分)第②段中所謂“統(tǒng)一規(guī)格的人”是指缺乏                              的人。

2．(2分)第③段畫(huà)線句的核心意思是□□□□□□□□。

3．(2分)以下對(duì)文章內(nèi)容理解正確的兩項(xiàng)是  ……………………………………(    )(    )

  A．學(xué)校歷來(lái)是把最大量的知識(shí)代代相傳的最重要機(jī)構(gòu)。

  D．無(wú)論是寫(xiě)作文還是解數(shù)學(xué)題，都是重要的教育手段。

  C．學(xué)校的教育方式對(duì)學(xué)生心理和人格的成長(zhǎng)至關(guān)重要。

  D．達(dá)爾文的生存競(jìng)爭(zhēng)及其相關(guān)的選擇理論都是錯(cuò)誤的。

  E．學(xué)校規(guī)定的任何課業(yè)都應(yīng)該被學(xué)生當(dāng)作禮物來(lái)領(lǐng)受。

4．(2分)在愛(ài)因斯坦看來(lái)，“習(xí)慣意義上的成功”所具有的特征是                      

                                                                              。

5．(6分)作者認(rèn)為促使學(xué)生前進(jìn)的“推動(dòng)力”有哪些?孰優(yōu)孰劣?請(qǐng)結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容分析闡述。

                                                                            。

6．(3分)結(jié)合上下文，簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)說(shuō)你對(duì)“如果人們忘掉了他們?cè)趯W(xué)校里所學(xué)到的每一樣?xùn)|西，那么留下來(lái)的就是教育”這句話的理解。

                                                                            。

7．(4分)請(qǐng)為這篇演講辭寫(xiě)一段推薦語(yǔ)，從內(nèi)容和形式角度，側(cè)重一個(gè)方面，就其閱讀價(jià)值向同學(xué)們進(jìn)行介紹。

                                                                            。

(二)閱讀下文，完成第8―12題(16分)

溫軟的稻草

詹文格

    ①在物質(zhì)豐盈的年代，我突然間想起了故鄉(xiāng)那一堆堆溫軟的稻草。想起稻草，自然就想到那些農(nóng)人，想起農(nóng)人就想起我的父輩，想起父輩就想起耕耘和勞作。

    ②對(duì)于黃澄澄的稻谷而言，稻草在很多時(shí)候是長(zhǎng)篇大作里的閑筆。在講究生產(chǎn)進(jìn)度的年代，稻草這種耕牛的上等飼料，竟然棄之如敝屣，扔之毫不足惜，只有飽滿(mǎn)的谷粒才能勾起農(nóng)人對(duì)豐收的喜悅。

    ③故鄉(xiāng)是長(zhǎng)江中下游地區(qū)重要的商品糧基地，大片的雙季稻田就是農(nóng)民一生的主戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)。一代代農(nóng)人在田野里勞作，他們大多數(shù)連縣城也沒(méi)有去過(guò)一次，將勞苦的一生消耗在這片不算遼闊的田野里。早稻和晚稻就像生長(zhǎng)在不同季節(jié)里的一對(duì)姐妹，一長(zhǎng)一短是她們的宿命。有些鄉(xiāng)間文人形容早稻像個(gè)紅顏薄命的女子，短得如報(bào)刊上的小品文，剛一人眼就已到結(jié)尾，來(lái)不及讓你思索和回味。早稻草因?yàn)樯�長(zhǎng)期短，而且草稈纖維粗糙，個(gè)體短小而生硬，除了曬干后成為牛羊的飼料外，大抵沒(méi)有太大的用場(chǎng)，因此常被撒人田中，當(dāng)作綠肥還田。晚稻的生長(zhǎng)期比早稻要長(zhǎng)得多，一般都在兩三個(gè)月，吸飽了陽(yáng)光，占盡了歲月的風(fēng)情，直至每年的十月中下旬才開(kāi)始泛黃。當(dāng)秋風(fēng)把山川田野逐一搖醉的時(shí)候，晚稻就像T臺(tái)上的模特，在藍(lán)天下盡情張揚(yáng)。喧鬧的村莊里鵝飛雁叫，急不可耐的農(nóng)人便肩披毛巾，頭扣草帽，準(zhǔn)備開(kāi)鐮收割了。收割晚稻是一年農(nóng)事的壓軸戲，金黃色的地毯上到處滾動(dòng)著豆粒般的農(nóng)人。腳踏式打谷機(jī)發(fā)出震耳的轟響，隆隆的打谷聲里，農(nóng)人的興奮和歡樂(lè)很直白地寫(xiě)在布滿(mǎn)汗水的臉上。他們不知疲倦地把豐收的果實(shí)運(yùn)送回家，顆粒歸倉(cāng)。稻草卻默默地躺在地上，翻曬幾個(gè)時(shí)日，待稻草的水分被陽(yáng)光悉數(shù)收走后，農(nóng)人才盡心盡意地將它捆扎起來(lái)，垛在房前屋后的空?qǐng)錾稀；蚋呋虬�的草垛就像一個(gè)個(gè)微縮的金字塔，為古樸的村莊鍍上了一層豐收的色彩，添上了一種美妙的詩(shī)意。

    ④安放在村口的草垛成群結(jié)隊(duì)，有點(diǎn)像一群慈眉善目的老人。草垛是時(shí)光的看臺(tái)，但并非寂靜無(wú)聲。日出而作，日落而息，扛鋤掄鎬的農(nóng)人不大在意它，但初冬時(shí)節(jié)的鳥(niǎo)雀會(huì)時(shí)常光顧這里，在此越冬的鳥(niǎo)兒會(huì)把家快速地安頓下來(lái)。稻草的柔軟、溫暖以及殘存的一星半點(diǎn)谷粒，讓安家的小鳥(niǎo)心里無(wú)比踏實(shí)。對(duì)于孩子們來(lái)說(shuō)，草垛一直就是他們的樂(lè)園。捉迷藏、抓特務(wù)百玩不厭。一驚一乍的笑聲，就如山鄉(xiāng)的抒情，擺上了精神的盛宴。

    ⑤稻草是耕牛的糧食。隆冬來(lái)臨，白雪皚皚，田野山川已很難找到完整的青草，此時(shí)早有籌備的農(nóng)人便從草垛上扯下一捆稻草，撒在牛欄里。老牛蹲臥于閉風(fēng)的墻角，不緊不慢地咀嚼著儲(chǔ)滿(mǎn)陽(yáng)光的稻草，那種從鄉(xiāng)村根部生長(zhǎng)出來(lái)的美食，讓吃的是草、擠出來(lái)是奶的耕牛反芻著一年來(lái)的大小農(nóng)事。

    ⑥冬閑的雨天，金黃的稻草開(kāi)始派上用場(chǎng)了。上下三重的老屋，聚集著一群精壯漢子，揮拳捋袖地忙活。他們有的高高掄起木錘，拼命槌打著稻草，有的在扭動(dòng)木紐，將柔軟的稻草擰成一股繩，然后把三股繩子匯聚起來(lái)，變成一根碩大的擂藤，伸展自如的擂藤是用來(lái)給牛拉犁的牽引。這個(gè)時(shí)候，人們才感到稻草的廣泛用途。拔秧需要，綁菜需要，搓繩需要，編草鞋需要，生草菇需要，做東坡肉扣碗需要，集市上捆扎豬肉需要。在平原地帶，稻草是農(nóng)家做炊的柴火，盡管稻草火力不強(qiáng)，燒起來(lái)要專(zhuān)人侍候，有點(diǎn)麻煩，但它能讓村莊上空一年四季飄起香甜的炊煙，烹飪出獨(dú)特的農(nóng)家風(fēng)味。

    ⑦我是睡在稻草上長(zhǎng)大的一代。那時(shí)，農(nóng)家的木板床像麻石一樣堅(jiān)硬，貧困的家庭只有一床薄薄的老棉被當(dāng)作鋪蓋。木板不僅生硬缺少?gòu)椥裕�而且根本無(wú)法防寒保暖，此時(shí)鄉(xiāng)人便有了鋪墊稻草的方法。溫軟的稻草帶著土地與陽(yáng)光的氣息傳遞著不盡的溫暖，安撫著貧困勞動(dòng)者的精神和身軀。從此，脊背再也不會(huì)硌得生疼，稻草之上留存著無(wú)數(shù)香甜的好夢(mèng)，讓貧寒的日子加快向前。

    ⑧如今，生活愈來(lái)愈精致，享受著幸福時(shí)光的孩子們卻無(wú)法想象躺在稻草上的感覺(jué)和滋味廠，就連不少農(nóng)民也遠(yuǎn)離了稻草。我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己也早巳無(wú)法回到從前的日子。盡管享受著空調(diào)、電熱毯、太空棉、蠶絲被，夜夜安睡在寬大的席夢(mèng)思上，但仍然時(shí)時(shí)感到腰酸腿疼、失眠多夢(mèng)，頸肌增生、腰椎間盤(pán)突出……想想那些與稻草同眠的日子，倒頭便是呼呼大睡，現(xiàn)在不知是身體在快速衰老，還是精神已悄悄萎縮了。

8．(2分)第②段中“閑筆”一詞在文中的含義是                                    

                                                                            。

9．(3分)第③段畫(huà)線句在文中的作用是                                            

                                                                              。

10．(2分)以下對(duì)文章的分析鑒賞有誤的一項(xiàng)是…………………………………………(    )

  A．早稻的生命雖然短暫，但它也如同一生都在田間勞作的農(nóng)民，把一切都奉獻(xiàn)給了土地。

  B．孩子們?cè)诓荻庵墟覒�，他們的笑聲為山鄉(xiāng)增添了活潑和童趣，增添了一份真實(shí)的生動(dòng)。

  C．文章選取了一些農(nóng)村生活的典型場(chǎng)景，表現(xiàn)了鄉(xiāng)村生活的真實(shí)、簡(jiǎn)單、樸素、自然。

  D．作者說(shuō)自己“已無(wú)法回到從前的日子”，表達(dá)了他對(duì)童年的留戀和對(duì)農(nóng)村生活的向往。

11．(4分)作者將“溫軟”一詞入題，尤其點(diǎn)睛傳神。請(qǐng)結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容，具體說(shuō)說(shuō)它好在何處。                                                                          

                                                                            。

12．(5分)有人把第①段改成：“在物質(zhì)豐盈的年代，我突然想起了一輩子耕耘和勞作的父輩。想起父輩，自然就想到那些農(nóng)人，想起農(nóng)人就想起了故鄉(xiāng)那一堆堆溫軟的稻草�！蹦阏J(rèn)為這樣改是否合理?請(qǐng)簡(jiǎn)要闡明理由。

                                                                            。

(三)填寫(xiě)下列名篇名句中的空缺(任選6空)(6分)

13．(1)群賢畢至，                      。(王羲之《蘭亭集序》)

  (2)                     ，一水中分白鷺洲。(李白《登金陵鳳凰臺(tái)》)

  (3)先帝不以臣卑鄙，                ，                。(諸葛亮《出師表》)

  (4)江山代有才人出，                   。(趙翼《論詩(shī)》)

  (5)                    ，于我如浮云。(《論語(yǔ)》)

  (6)窮則獨(dú)善其身，                   。(《孟子?盡心上》)

  (7)青山遮不住，                 。(辛棄疾《菩薩蠻?書(shū)江西造口壁》)

(四)閱讀下面的詩(shī)歌，完成第14―17題。(8分)

與諸子登峴山

孟浩然①

人事有代謝，往來(lái)成古今。

江山留勝跡，我輩復(fù)登臨。

水落魚(yú)梁②淺，天寒夢(mèng)澤③深。

羊公碑④尚在，讀罷淚沾襟。

    [注]①孟浩然：唐代詩(shī)人，襄陽(yáng)人。他40歲游京師，應(yīng)進(jìn)士不第，以隱士終身，世稱(chēng)“孟襄陽(yáng)”、“孟山人”。此詩(shī)即隱居襄陽(yáng)時(shí)所作。  ②魚(yú)梁：襄陽(yáng)鹿門(mén)山附近沔水中的沙州名。  ③夢(mèng)澤：云夢(mèng)澤，古澤名。  ④羊公碑：據(jù)《晉書(shū)?羊祜傳》載，晉人羊祜鎮(zhèn)守荊襄時(shí)，常登峴山，他曾對(duì)同游者說(shuō)：“自有宇宙，便有此山，由來(lái)賢者勝士登此遠(yuǎn)望如我與卿者多矣，皆湮滅無(wú)聞，使人傷悲�！�  羊祜頗有政績(jī)，他死后，襄陽(yáng)百姓在峴山主廟樹(shù)碑，以示懷念。因望其碑者莫不流淚，時(shí)人稱(chēng)為“墮淚碑”。

14．(1分)孟浩然與         同為盛唐時(shí)期杰出的田園山水派詩(shī)人，被并稱(chēng)為“王孟”。

15．(2分)尾聯(lián)中有“讀罷淚沾襟”一句，以你的理解，詩(shī)人此時(shí)“淚沾襟”的原因是   

                                                                             。

16．(2分)以下對(duì)詩(shī)歌的賞析有誤的一項(xiàng)是………………………………………………(    )

  A．詩(shī)的首聯(lián)看似與題目無(wú)關(guān)，實(shí)則題外生情，抒發(fā)了作者登臨時(shí)的感受，與全詩(shī)貌離而神合，頗有“俯視一切”的氣概。

  B．頷聯(lián)中的“江山勝跡”是指古，“我輩登臨”乃言今。從詩(shī)意發(fā)展的脈絡(luò)看，當(dāng)是先有這一聯(lián)，之后才有首聯(lián)的感慨。

  C．詩(shī)的前半部分富有激情，后半部分則具有哲理。詩(shī)人打破了傳統(tǒng)的“觸景生情”的寫(xiě)法，開(kāi)首兩句揭題，最后兩句扣實(shí)。

  D．這首詩(shī)是作者借古抒懷之作，語(yǔ)言平易自然，情感真摯動(dòng)人。前人以“語(yǔ)淡而味終不薄”評(píng)價(jià)孟詩(shī)，此詩(shī)確有如此情趣。

17．(3分)全詩(shī)有三聯(lián)是記敘、議論，唯頸聯(lián)插入寫(xiě)景，請(qǐng)解說(shuō)這一聯(lián)的具體作用。

                                                                             。

(五)閱讀下面的兩段文字，完成第18一22題。(17分)

    [甲]岳武穆人見(jiàn)，帝從容問(wèn)曰：“卿得良馬不?”武穆答曰：“驥不稱(chēng)其力，稱(chēng)其德也。臣有二馬，故常奇之。日啖芻豆數(shù)斗，飲泉一斛①，然非精潔，寧餓死不受。介而馳，其初若不甚疾，比行百余里，始振鬣長(zhǎng)鳴，奮迅示駿。自午至酉，猶可二百里。褫②鞍甲而不息不汗，若無(wú)事然。此其為馬，受大而不茍取，力裕而不求逞，致遠(yuǎn)之才也。不幸相繼以死。今所乘者不然。日所受不過(guò)數(shù)升，而秣不擇粟，飲不擇泉。攬轡未安，踴躍疾驅(qū)，甫百里，力竭汗喘，殆欲斃然。此其為馬，寡取易盈，好逞易窮，駑鈍之才也�！钡鄯Q(chēng)善。    (選自《宋稗類(lèi)鈔》)

    [乙]馬之千里者，一食或盡粟一石。食馬者不知其能千里而食也。是馬也，雖有千里之能，食不飽，力不足，才美不外見(jiàn)，且欲與常馬等不可得，安求其能千里也?

    (選自韓愈《馬說(shuō)》)   

    [注]①斛(hu)：容量單位，古代十斗為一斛，也相當(dāng)于“一石”。②褫(chi)：解除。

18．(4分)寫(xiě)出以下加點(diǎn)詞在句中的意思。

  (1)比行百余里(    )        (2)受大而不茍取(    )

  (3)殆欲斃然(    )    (4)且欲與常馬等不可得(    )

19．(2分)下列加點(diǎn)詞用法相同的兩項(xiàng)是…………………………………………(    )(    )

  A．故常奇之    B．日啖芻豆數(shù)斗    C．介而馳    D．而秣不擇粟

20．(6分)把下列句子譯成現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)。   

  (1)寡取易盈，好逞易窮，駑鈍之才也。

  譯文：                                                                       

  (2)馬之千里者，一食或盡粟一石。

  譯文：                                                                      

21．(1分)甲文里，集中體現(xiàn)良馬所具備的“外見(jiàn)之才”的句子是                     

                                                                              。

22．(4分)(1)這兩段文字實(shí)則都是借談馬來(lái)說(shuō)理，甲文給我們的啟示是：               

                                                                              ；

(2)進(jìn)一步結(jié)合乙文來(lái)看，這兩段文字又說(shuō)明了一個(gè)共同的道理：                  

                                                                              。

(六)閱讀下文，完成第23-27題。(12分)

醒心亭記

曾鞏

    滁州之西南，泉水之涯，歐陽(yáng)公作州之二年①，構(gòu)亭曰“豐樂(lè)”，自為記，以見(jiàn)其名之意。既又直豐樂(lè)之東幾百步，得山之高，構(gòu)亭曰“醒心”，使鞏記之。

    凡公與州之賓客者游焉，則必即豐樂(lè)以飲。或醉且勞矣，則必即醒心而望。以見(jiàn)夫群山相環(huán)，云煙之相滋，曠野之無(wú)窮，草樹(shù)眾而泉石嘉，使目新乎其所睹，耳新乎其所聞，則其心灑然而醒，更欲久而忘歸也。故即其事之所以然而為名，取韓子退之《北湖》之詩(shī)云②。噫!其可謂善取樂(lè)于山泉之間，而名之以見(jiàn)其實(shí)，又善者矣。

    雖然，公之作樂(lè)，吾能言之。吾君優(yōu)游而無(wú)為于上，吾民給足而無(wú)憾于下，天下之學(xué)者皆為材且良，夷狄鳥(niǎo)獸草木之生者皆得其宜，公樂(lè)也。一山之隅，一泉之旁，豈公樂(lè)哉?乃公所以寄意于此也。若公之賢，韓子歿數(shù)百年而始有之。今同游之賓客，尚未知公之難遇也。后百千年，有慕公之為人，而覽公之跡，思欲見(jiàn)之，有不可及之嘆，然后知公之難遇也。則凡同游于此者，其可不喜且幸歟!而鞏也，又得以文詞托名于公文之次，其又不喜且幸歟!

    慶歷七年八月十五日記。

    [注]  ①歐陽(yáng)公作州之二年：即宋慶歷六年，是歐陽(yáng)修被貶滁州的第二年。    ②韓子退之《北湖》之詩(shī)云：韓愈

《北湖》詩(shī)有“應(yīng)留醒心處，準(zhǔn)擬醉時(shí)來(lái)”的句子。

23．(2分)作者以“豐樂(lè)亭”起筆的用意何在?請(qǐng)簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)明。

24．(2分)文中畫(huà)線句若用一個(gè)成語(yǔ)概括應(yīng)該是□□□□。

25．(2分)從上文內(nèi)容推測(cè)，歐陽(yáng)修以“豐樂(lè)”二字命名亭子的主要原因是            

                                                           。(用自己的語(yǔ)言回答)

26．(2分)歐陽(yáng)修在《醉翁亭記》中說(shuō)“醉翁之意不在酒，在乎山水之間也”，上文與此意思相對(duì)應(yīng)的兩處是  ………………………………………………………………………(    )(    )

  A．凡公與州之賓客者游焉，則必即豐樂(lè)以飲

  B．或醉且勞矣，則必即醒心而望

  C．則其心灑然而醒，更欲久而忘歸也

  D．其可謂善取樂(lè)于山泉之間

  E．一山之隅，一泉之旁……乃公所以寄意于此也

27．(4分)你認(rèn)為曾鞏的這篇記“醒心亭”的文章是否做到了“以見(jiàn)其名之意”?請(qǐng)結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容加以評(píng)價(jià)。

    寫(xiě)  作(70分)

28．閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)要求作文。

    德國(guó)哲學(xué)家尼采曾作詩(shī)談“處世之道”說(shuō)：“別在平野上停留，也別去爬得太高。打從半高處觀看，世界顯得最美好�！边@是一種追求“半”的人生哲學(xué)。但是生活中追求“全”的人也大有人在。

    請(qǐng)選擇一個(gè)角度立意，自擬標(biāo)題，寫(xiě)一篇不少于800字的文章，就此談?wù)勀愕目捶�。體裁不限(詩(shī)歌除外)。   

試題詳情

上海市徐匯區(qū)2009屆高三第二次模擬考試

英語(yǔ)學(xué)科

學(xué)習(xí)能力診斷卷

                        （考試時(shí)間120分鐘，滿(mǎn)分150分）            

第一卷

I. Listening Comprehension

Section A

Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.

1.    A. At the post office.                                 B. At the movie theatre.

C. At the candy store.                                D. At the McDonald’s.

2.    A. A mechanic.      B. An electrician.          C. A secretary.               D. A surgeon.

3.    A. To the theatre.   B. To the airport.           C. To Boston.                D. To the school.

4.    A. She can use his car.                               B. She can get her car fixed.

C. She needs to get a license.                      D. She can hire a car.

5.    A. Sunny and warm.                                  B. Rainy and cold.

C. Sunny but cold.                                    D. Rainy but warm.

6.    A. The offices all look the same.                 B. Every office needs a waste bin.

C. Too much paper has been wasted.            D. The man uses most paper in his office.

7.    A. An annoying dog.                                 B. Their neighbor. 

C. The flower garden.                                D. Mrs. Gorham.

8.    A. He does not feel thirsty at all.                 B. He needs to go back to get money.

C. He can’t get anything to drink now.        D. They must hurry home.

9.    A. Mark made some trouble with Bobby.     B. Bobby was a trouble-maker at school.

C. Mr. Allen was Bobby’s class teacher.       D. Mark was Bobby’s elder bother.

10.   A. Internet surfing.                                    B. Stock exchanging.    

C. Mountain climbing.                               D. Job hunting.

Section B

Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.

Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.

11.   A. On Tuesdays and Wednesdays.                B. On Tuesdays and Thursdays.

       C. On Wednesdays and Thursdays.              D. On Tuesdays and Fridays.

12.   A. Once a week.     B. Twice a week.           C. Once a month.          D. Twice a month.

13.   A. Classroom tests.                                    B. Attendance rate.       

C. Research papers.                                          D. Final exam.

Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.    

14.   A. Parents.            B. Teachers.                  C. Experts.            D. Businessmen.

15.   A. Maintain a savings account.                    B. Visit the bank regularly.

       C. Hire a personal accountant.                    D. Manage his own money.

16. A. The current economic situation has a negative influence on America.

       B. Parent-child communication on financial matters must be open.

       C. Teens should learn to handle money matters well on their own. 

       D. Financial managers are most needed during the economic crisis.

Section C

Directions: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.

Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.

A Break-in

Name:                Mrs. Jenkins

Time:                 Between 12:00 and ____(17)______

Lost belongings:        ____(18)_____  (Value: 800 dollars)

Cash           (Value: ____(19)____ dollars)

Other information:      The husband is on a trip to ____(20)_____

Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.

Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.

What is the survey mainly about?

It’s on _____(21)______.

Which two sports are most favored?

____(22)______.

What does the woman decide to do?

To expand their line of _____(23)______ and come up with a better slogan.

What does the result say about older customers?

They are more _____(24)______ about staying fit.

Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

II. Grammar and Vocabulary

Section A

Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.   Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.

25. With the guide leading the way, the visitors were able to travel through the forest _____ foot.

A. by                                 B. on                    C. in                           D. with

26. Knowing the meaning of a word is one thing; yet using it both grammatically and communicatively properly is quite ______.

A. much               B. many            C. little               D. another

27. Many introduced plants ______ be cultivated in special soils for some time before they are transplanted in the field, otherwise they won’t survive.

A. must                    B. might             C. could                          D. would

28. --- John, tell me the truth. When did you tell Bill the assignments?

   --- The moment he ______ back home.

     A. came                  B. come         C. comes            D. will come

29. Indeed the best leading actor has read a lot of books, but the best supporting actress has read no ______.

A. more                  B. few            C. less              D. little

30. Yesterday evening the board had a discussion regarding ______ they should set up more scholarships to meet the increasing demands.

     A. what                   B. whether       C. that              D. who

31. As the visiting prime minister puts, China’s influence in the world will continue to strengthen ______ its economy grows.

     A. although             B. until          C. as                 D. before

32. Hours of playing violent video games can affect the way the brain works, ______ damage to certain cells of brain and slowing brain activity.

     A. to cause                            B. causing             C. cause                       D. caused

33. Although the causes of cancer ______, we do not yet have any practical way to prevent it.

     A. are being uncovered                               B. have been uncovering

     C. are uncovering                                       D. have uncovered

34. It is generally accepted that Chinese were the earliest ______ football while the Europeans established the modern rules for football.

     A. played                       B. playing        C. to play           D. having played

35. From the photographs ______ from the satellites, scientists are learning things about the earth they have never known before.

A. to sent                       B. to be send          C. sending                    D. sent

36. There is little doubt _____ you will be able to judge truth and error if you have confidence in yourself.

A. that                   B. who          C. when              D. if

37. The newly concluded National People’s Congress has passed a package of economic policies _____ 8% of yearly economic growth.

     A. target                        B. to target        C. targeting            D. targeted

38. Hardly______ aware that the lion was approaching her before her dog began to bark.

     A. she was               B. would she     C. would she be        D. was she   

39. The government has revised the budget, 5% of______ will be used to help develop the medium and small sized enterprises.

     A. that                  B. whose        C. which            D. as

40. The scientists are trying to find out what ______ caused the dolphins to strand themselves, a strange animal behavior hard to understand.

     A. was it that            B. that was that     C. was that which       D. it was that

Section B

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

If you are ever lucky to be invited to a formal dinner party in Paris, remember that the French have their own way of doing things, and that even your finest manners may not be “correct” by French custom. For example, if you think showing up without delay at the time given on the invitation, armed with gifts of wine and roses, ___(41)___ your hostess on her cooking, laughing heartily at the host’s jokes and then ___(42)___  up to help the hostess will make you the perfect guest, think again.

Here Madame Nora Chabal, the marketing director of The Ritz Hotel in Paris, explains how it works. The first duty of the guest is to respond to the invitation within 48 hours. If an invitation is for eight o’clock, the ___(43)___  guest arrives at 8:15. Guests who arrive ___(44)___  on time or early are mere thoughtless ones who are not giving the hostess those last few minutes she needs to deal with details. The “guest” arrives between 15 to 20 minutes after the hour because dinner will be served exactly 30 minutes past the time on the invitation.

Flowers sent in advance are the ___(45)___  gift. They may also be sent afterwards with a thank-you note. It is considered a very bad form to arrive with a gift of flowers in hand, thereby forcing the hostess to deal with finding a vase when she is too busy to do that. See, that’s the logic! The type of flowers sent has a ___(46)___ of its own, too. One must never send Chrysanthemums(菊花) because they are considered too ___(47)___ a flower for occasion. Carnations are considered bad luck. And though the French love wine, you must never bring a bottle to a dinner party. Why, it’s as if you ___(48)___  your hosts would not have enough wine on hand, and that’s an ___(49)___. You may, however, offer a box of chocolates that the hostess will pass after dinner with coffee.

III. Reading Comprehension     

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Everyone knows how the story of Cinderella ends, but did you ever really think about how she spent her days before she met the prince? Her daily ___(50)___ was not fascinating. She did everything from sweeping the floor to cooking the meals. If someone had asked Cinderella, “Are there any kinds of ___(51)___ work that you particularly hate?” she probably would have answered, “Why, none, of course. Housework is my duty!” In the real world, ___(52)___, most people have definite ___(53)___ for certain sorts of housework. Two of these tasks are ironing clothes and washing dishes.

       Ironing clothes is most hated ___(54)___ it is not a task that can be completed quickly or thoughtlessly. Each piece of clothing must be handled ___(55)___, so ironing a basket of laundry can take hours! After ironing a piece of clothing with great care, you need to place it on a hanger as soon as possible. If you do not follow these directions carefully, it might become ___(56)___ and you have to start over. Perhaps that is why ironing is not a ___(57)___ thing to do. It ___(58)___ extreme attention to detail from beginning to end.

       Another household job that many people dislike is washing dishes. ___(59)___, some people claim that this work is no longer a problem because we have dishwashers now! However, no one would ___(60)___ that dishes, silverware, and ___(61)___ pots and pans washed in a dishwasher don’t come out as clean as they do when washed by hand. For this reason, many of us ___(62)___ to wash our dishes by hand, but we are not necessarily happy doing it. Cleaning dishes is a job that not only takes a lot of energy but also ___(63)___ the patience to wash and dry them. ___(64)___, unlike ironing clothes, washing dishes is a thing that usually must be done every day. I don’t know how Cinderella felt about this particular task, but I believe that most people hate it as much as I do.

50.     A. parade                  B. pattern                  C. routine                         D. response

51.     A. household         B. patriotic            C. invisible                   D. mechanical

52.     A. moreover          B. hence                C. however                   D. therefore

53.     A. desires                  B. dislikes             C. opinions                   D. appeals

54.     A. but                   B. because             C. although                   D. so that

55.     A. gracefully         B. briefly             C. individually             D. neutrally

56.     A. suspended         B. transferred      C. leaked                   D. wrinkled

57.     A. favourite           B. regular                  C. primary                 D. painful

58.     A. calls on             B. calls for            C. takes on                   D. takes for

59.     A. As a result         B. In fact            C. Of course                 D. For example

60.     A. argue                B. admit                C. agree                       D. assume

61.     A. occasionally      B. constantly          C. especially             D. classically

62.     A. attach            B. refuse            C. continue                   D. engage

63.     A. reduces             B. regulates           C. removes                   D. requires

64.     A. In addition       B. In a word          C. On the contrary      D. By contrast

Section B

Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(A)

In 1993, I had my first opportunity to visit Russia as a representative of the University of California. I was there to provide some technical assistance in the area of agricultural labor management. “Russians are a very polite people,” I had been tutored before my arrival. One of my interpreters, once I was there, explained that a gentleman will pour the limonad (type of juice) for the ladies and show politeness.

Toward the end of my three week trip I was invited by my young Russian host and friend Nicolai Vasilevich and his lovely wife Yulya out to dinner. At the end of a wonderful meal, Yulya asked if I would like a banana. I politely declined and thanked her, and explained I was most satisfied with the meal. But the whole while my mind was racing: “What do I do? Do I offer her a banana even though they are as close to her as they are to me? What is the polite thing to do?”

“Would you like a banana?” I asked Yulya.

“Yes,” she smiled, but made no attempt to take any of the three bananas in the fruit basket. “What now?” I thought.

“Which one would you like?” I asked awkwardly.

“That one,” she pointed at one of the bananas. Thinking about Russian politeness, I picked the banana Yulya had pointed at and peeled(去皮) it half way and handed it to her. Smiles in Yulya’s and Nicolai’s faces told me I had done the right thing. After this experience I spent much time letting the world know that in Russia, the polite thing is to peel the bananas for the ladies.

Sometime during my third trip I was politely corrected by a Russian friend. “Oh, no, in Russia, when a man peels a banana for a lady it means he has a romantic interest in her.” How embarrassed I felt! And I had been proudly telling everyone about my findings.

Certain lessons have to be learned the hard way. Some well meaning articles and presentations on cultural differences have a potential to do more harm than good and may not be as amusing. They present, like my bananas, too many generalizations or quite an inaccurate view.

65. The author went to Russia in 1993 to ________.

       A. visit a famous university                        B. work as an interpreter

       C. offer some professional help                   D. do some agricultural work

66. The author decided to offer Yulya a banana because ________.

       A. he sat closer to bananas                          B. he wanted to show politeness

       C. she gave him one first                                   D. he wanted to win her heart

67. How did the author probably feel after he saw the smiles in Yulya’s and Nicolai’s faces?

A. Awkward.         B. Embarrassed.            C. Surprised.         D. Relieved.

68. The author told this story mainly to express that _________.

       A. Russian politeness is rather difficult to understand

       B. man should never peel a banana for a lady in Russia

       C. what people say about other culture may not be true

       D. funny things may happen anywhere at any time

(B)

Proper etiquette(禮儀) should be observed in all forms of communication. When face-to-face, you communicate not only verbally, but with your body language, hand gestures, and tone of voice. Over a network or the Internet, you do not have the luxury of relying on additional methods of getting your message across. Therefore, there are some generally accepted techniques when communicating online.

Tone Down Your Language

Given the absence of face-to-face clues, written text can easily be misinterpreted. Avoid the use of strong or offensive language. If you feel particularly strongly about a point, it may be best to write it first as a draft and then to review it, before posting it, in order to remove any strong language.

Be Forgiving

If someone states something that you find offensive, mention this directly to the instructor. What you find offensive may quite possibly have been unintended and can best be cleared up by the instructor.

Test For Clarity

Messages may often appear perfectly clear to you as you compose them, but turn out to be perfectly dull to your reader. One way to test for clarity is to read your message aloud to see if it flows smoothly. If you can read it to another person before posting it, even better.

Net speak

Although electronic communication is still young, many conventions have already been established. DO NOT TYPE IN ALL CAPS. This is regarded as shouting. Acronyms and emoticons (arrangements of symbols to express emotions) are popular, but excessive use of them can make your message difficult to read. Some common ones include:

Acronyms

Emoticons

FYI = for your information

:-) = smiley face: happiness, pleasure

B/C = because

:-( = frowning face: displeasure

BTW = by the way

:-0 = shock, surprise

F2F = face to face

:-@ = Screaming

TTUL= Talk to you later

:-&= Tongue tied

ROTFL = Rolling on the floor laughing

<:-[= Disappointed

69. Which is proper in online communication according to the passage?

A. Use strong words to highlight your point.       B. Check your message before sending it.

C. Type in all capital letters.                       D. Use as many emoticons as possible.

70. The underlined word “Acronyms” probably means __________.

       A. combinations of symbols to express meanings

B. words made up of initial letters or parts of words

       C. text messages to indicate the writer’s feelings

       D. wise sayings providing guidance for people

71. According to the passage, we may probably type _________ to end a conversation.

A. TTUL              B. ROTFL                    C.  :-@                D.  :-&

(C)

When Christmas time is upon us, there won't be many families without some type of Christmas tree. Most will choose between a cut pine tree and an artificial plastic tree.

Artificial Christmas trees are usually made from steel and the plastic known as PVC. To produce one kilogram of raw PVC you need over a kilo of fossil fuels plus half a kilo of minerals and 10 L of water. The process also releases about two kilograms of CO₂ ― which contributes to climate change ― and eight grams of dangerous waste.

Most live Christmas trees come either from small plantations dedicated to growing trees just for Christmas or are the rejects from large pine plantations. In both cases, the growing trees provide some long-term soil protection and suck up climate-change-causing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. However, the use of fertilizers and pollution from machinery can have negative impacts on the local ecosystems.

Both types of trees require transportation to reach your home, which means fuels are burnt and air pollution generated. The greater the distance travelled, the larger the impact, and plastic trees certainly rack up the kilometres. The vast majority of Australia’s artificial trees are made in factories in Asia. If a family in Melbourne buys a plastic tree made in China, then it has travelled more than 8,000 km to arrive at its new home. Alternatively, someone living near Melbourne's CBD could get a real tree from a plantation less than 50 km away.

Despite the shorter life span, real trees are the way to go, because a natural tree can be reused in its afterlife. A plastic Christmas tree can’t be recycled and that means its final resting place will be the local dump. Here the PVC will stay in much the same form for thousands of years.

72. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?

A. Artificial Christmas trees are usually made from steel and plastic.

B. The process of producing PVC does great harm to the environment.

C. Real Christmas trees usually come from large or small plantations.

D. Real Christmas trees release much carbon dioxide while growing.

73. By saying “rack up the kilometres”, the author probably means that the transportation of plastic trees _______.

A. is more convenient                         B. produces more pollution

C. covers a shorter distance                 D. can save more fuels

74. According to the passage, real Christmas trees _______ compared with fake ones.

A. use fewer resources                        B. are more difficult to recycle

C. last much longer                                   D. are less expensive

75. Which of the following is the most suitable title for this passage?

A. Real Christmas Trees: A Wasteful luxury

B. Fake Christmas Trees: An Economical Choice

C. Real Christmas Trees: A Greener Decision

D. Fake Christmas Trees: A Popular Trend

(D)

If you try to explain to someone, without using pictures, how to build the building that you have designed, it would take an enormous amount of writing and might end up with a very funny-looking building. The architect uses pictures called details to show how many hundreds of parts go together to form a complete building. This type of drawing is called drafting and is done by people called draftsmen.

Draftsmen make up the largest group of the architectural offices’ work force. Because of the wide range of duties they perform, draftsmen are sometimes called architectural technicians. In a typical office, there are not only career draftsmen but also architectural graduates working as junior draftsmen to learn the trade. Career draftsmen are usually graduates from a two-year junior college called technical school. There was a time when architectural office used young people right out of high school as tracers. Their job was to trace over the other people’s details while learning to be a draftsman. This is no longer possible with the fast-pace of architects’ offices today although a junior draftsman is given guides by the more experienced employees.

     So a good comprehensive architectural drafting course is a must before anyone seeks a job with an architectural firm. The job of the draftsmen is to translate the ideas and directions of architects, designers and engineers into complete and accurate working drawings. These become the plans and details used in the actual construction of a building. The project must be shown in great detail and drawn very clearly, so there is no chance for misunderstanding by the contractors（承包商）. Every line and figure has an effect on the finished product.

     As you can see, the draftsman is a key member of the architectural team. Of course, a junior draftsman is not expected to produce a complete set of working drawings. Depending on the size of the office and difficulty of the project, draftsmen may work in groups. The group leader coordinates the group and works closely with the project architect while the drawings are being produced.

     Working conditions are mostly very pleasant as draftsmen's work is intense and many people depend on accurate work. Each draftsman has a large combination drawing board and desk with various drawing aids. Almost without exception, members of the architectural team have at one time in their careers worked as draftsmen. This is essential to an architect education and most architects never get very far away from the drafting board.

76. According to the passage, career draftsmen are usually ______.

   A. experienced architects                             B. architectural designers

   C. high school graduates                              D. graduates of technical schools

77. We can learn from the passage that “working drawings” refers to ______.

   A. the architect’s rough drawings and directions

   B. the ideas and directions for the project

   C. the plans and details for the actual construction

   D. the designer's handbooks, tables and building codes

78. What can we learn about draftsmen from the passage?

   A. They all work in groups with a project architect.

   B. They are the main members of the architectural team.

   C. They provide labor and building materials.

   D. They give guides to inexperienced architects.

79. What is most essential for draftsmen’s work according to the author?

   A. An architect education.                                 B. The spirit of team work.

   C. Accuracy in the drawings.                             D. Advanced drawing aids.

Section C

Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable question from A-F for each answer. There is one extra question which you do not need.