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南京市2009屆高三第一次調(diào)研測試

物     理                    2009.03

    本試卷分第1卷(選擇題)和第1卷(非選擇題)兩部分.共120分考試用時100分鐘.

注意事項:

    答題前,考生務(wù)必將自己的學(xué)校、姓名、考試號寫在答題卡上.考試結(jié)束后,交回答題卡.

第I卷(選擇題31分)

試題詳情

湖北省2009年高考考前第二輪模擬試題㈣

語  文  試  卷

 

命制:高三語文組 青峰弦月

6ec8aac122bd4f6e
 

本試卷共150分?荚囉脮r150分鐘。

注意事項:

  1.答卷前,考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在試題卷和答題卡上,并將準(zhǔn)考證號條形碼粘貼在答題卡上的指定位置。

  2.選擇題選出答案后,用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動,用橡皮擦干凈后,再選涂其它答案標(biāo)號。非選擇題用黑色墨水的簽字筆或鋼筆直接答在答題卡上。答在試題卷上無效。

  3.考試結(jié)束,監(jiān)考人員將本試題和答題卡一并收回。

第Ⅰ卷(選擇題部分,共36分)

試題詳情

南京市2009屆高三第一次調(diào)研測試

                      英   語                  2009.3

本試卷分第一卷(選擇題)和第二卷(非選擇題)兩部分。共120分。考試用時120分鐘。

注意事項:

答題前,考生務(wù)必將自己的學(xué)校、姓名、考試號寫在答題卡上?荚嚱Y(jié)束后,將答題卡交回。

第一卷(三部分,共85分)

第一部分  聽力(共兩小節(jié),滿分20分)

做題時,先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后,你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。

第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1分,滿分5分)

聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項,并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后,你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。

例: How much is the shirt?

A.£19.15.                        B.£9.15.                                   C.£9.18.

答案是B。

1. What does the man mean?

A. He thinks the money is helpful.

  B. He thinks the money is helpless. 

C. He wonders if the money will be helpful.

2. What’s the relationship between the two speakers?

A. Colleagues.                         B. Strangers.                        C. Friends.

3. Which bottle contains the window cleaner?

  A. The one in the kitchen sink.      B. The one with a red top. 

C. The one with a blue top.

4. When will the man see Mr Tailor?

  A. Before 12:00.                  B. At 12:00.                      C. At 12:30.

5. What does the dialogue tell us about Carol and Jessie?

A. They still remain good friends.

B. They no longer get on well with each other.

C. Carol betrayed Jessie.

第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)

聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C  三個選項中選出最佳選項,并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨白前,你將有時間閱讀各個小題,每小題5秒鐘。聽完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的做答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。

聽第6段材料,回答第6、7題。

6. What did the man actually do?

A. He returned the shoes and got back his money.  

B. He changed the shoes for a bigger pair.

C. He bought another pair of shoes.

7. Why didn’t the woman accept the return?

A. Because the shoes were sold at a discount.

B. Because no shoes were allowed to be changed.

C. Because the man couldn’t find the receipt.

聽第7段材料,回答第8至10題。

8. How many TV programs are mentioned in the dialogue?

  A. Two.                               B. Three.                   C. Four.

9. When does the news start?

  A. At 9:00.                         B. At 10:45.              C. At 11:00.

10. What can we infer from the conversation?

  A. The man will fall asleep before the end of the football.

B. There is more than one TV set in this house.

C. The woman is not a football fan.

聽第8段材料,回答第11至13題。

11. What was the woman disappointed at?

   A. The speeches.                    B. Samantha’s pronunciation.

   C. The result of the competition.

12. According to the woman, how did most of the listeners feel about the result of the competition?

   A. They were astonished. B. They were excited.           C. They were satisfied.

13. What do the man and the woman disagree on?

   A. Whose speech was better.

   B. Whose pronunciation was better.

   C. Whose speech was meaningful.

聽第9段材料,回答第14至16題。

14. What are they mainly talking about?

   A. Saturday’s game.    B. Derek’s injury.               C. Michigan’s game films.

15. Where does this conversation most likely take place?

   A. In the coach’s office.   B. On the playing field.   C. At the doctor’s office.

16. Where does the woman tell the man to go?

   A. To the hospital.              B. To his home.        C. To her office.

聽第10段材料,回答第17至20題。

17. What does the story tell us about the old woman?

   A. She was found stealing in a bookstore.

   B. She admitted having stolen something.

   C. She seemed to be wrongly accused of stealing.

18. What did the department store accuse the old woman of?

   A. Stealing a book.    B. Stealing a handbag.    C. Stealing a greeting card.

19. What happened to the old woman after she was taken back to the store?

   A. She was questioned by the police.

   B. She was shut in a small room for 20 minutes.

   C. She was laughed at by the shoppers around her.

20. What was the store’s attitude towards this issue?

   A. They regretted having wrongly accused her.

   B. They still suspected that she was a thief.

   C. They agreed to pay her $3,000 damages.

第二部分  英語知識運用(共兩節(jié),滿分35分)

第一節(jié)  單項填空(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)

請認(rèn)真閱讀下面各題,從題中所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。

21. Babies are not born with ______ moral sense; they can’t tell ______ difference between right and wrong.

A. the; the                  B. a; a                          C. a; the                      D. 不填; a

22. Everyone in this country enjoys the same right ______ religion, race or sex.

A. regardless of            B. in view of                C. in spite of                 D. in case of

23. ―Isn’t it amazing that I met Francis at the Christmas party?

―Really? For how many years ______ each other?

A. didn’t you see        B. haven’t you seen      C. hadn’t you seen        D. don’t you see

24. He wrote a lot of novels, none of ______ was translated into a foreign language.

A. them                     B. what                      C. that                       D. which

25. ______ the working efficiency, the boss allows the employees to have a coffee break.

A. Improving               B. To improve             C. Having improved     D. Improved

26. ―Shall I ______ the raincoat?

―No hurry. Leave it ______ it is. It looks like rain.

A. put on; there                                                B. put on; where                 

C. put away;   in the place                                 D. put away; where

27. ______ we can’t remove our troubles in life for ever, we can leave them behind when we are on vacation.

A. When                 B. While                  C. Unless         D. Until   

28. As he has been well trained, this young man is ______ to be a teacher.

A. delighted       B. possible                 C. qualified               D. unable  

29. I can’t thank you ______ much because without your help I ______ have won the first prize.

A. too; wouldn’t          B. very; shouldn’t         C. that; might not          D. so; couldn’t

30. ―What has made him upset recently?

     ―______ alone to face a troublesome milk case.

A. Left                    B. Being left            C. Having left           D. To leave

31. Everyone has periods in their lives ______ everything seems very hard.

A. when                B. where                C. which                D. that

32. We can’t ______ our fate. Instead, we should take a positive attitude to the present situation.

A. submit to               B. correspond to         C. subscribe to        D. compromise to

33. ­­Hollywood star Sharon Stone’s words on Sichuan earthquake ______ her image. Nobody in China ______ her any more.

A. destroyed; would like                                B. has destroyed; likes

C. destroyed; will like                                     D. had destroyed; liked

34. ―What a successful Spring Festival Gala (春晚)! Who said we couldn’t make it?

     ―______.

A. Let’s kill the fatted calf                             B. Practice makes perfect

C. Actions speak louder than words                  D. A golden key can open any door

35. ―I can’t imagine Phelps smoking marijuana (大麻).

―______.

A. Nor am I                B. So do I                 C. Me, too           D. Me, neither

第二節(jié)       完形填空(共20小題;每小題1分,滿分20分)

請認(rèn)真閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。

There is a fine line between a parent who is active and open-minded and one that doesn’t know when to let go (放手). As my daughter, Nicole, prepares to leave home for college, I’m discovering how hard it is to stay on the   36   side of this line. When I hold   37   the apron strings (圍裙帶) connecting us, Nicole, eager to   38   independence, tries to loosen my grasp. What results is a (an)   39   mother-daughter, push-me, pull-you kind of tango.

For the past two years, it’s gone like this:

Mother’s question: “Have you thought of taking an advanced placement class (高階課程) so that you can earn college credit?”

Daughter’s   40  : “No, I’m not interested in that.”

………

I bit my lip a few times and Nicole shot me a few glares.

Two months ago, she was   41   to a great university. However, I was still the mother having a   42   time letting go. The night before the introductory meeting of the university, I had read the course catalog carefully and   43   courses which I thought looked good. We met on the campus the next afternoon, and Nicole’s face   44   with excitement. “I have had my entire schedule figured out,” she said. “Already?” I was astonished,   45   she should have discussed it with me. I examined the schedule. Nicole hadn’t taken a (an)   46   one of the courses I had suggested. Every course she had chosen   47   suited her interests. Just then I saw a mature, capable young woman with a   48   mind and the ability to shape her future. She no longer needed her mother   49   every decision she made. I felt proud, though still a bit   50  .

I   51   the lessons carefully. Nicole has struggled to learn over the past 18 years:   52  , sympathy, and hard work. There have been a few holes along the way.   53  , she is well-equipped and eager to   54   the future. The next step, I recognized, was mine to take: giving my daughter and myself the   55   we both needed.

36. A. left                            B. right                        C. either                       D. each

37. A. onto                   B. up                           C. back                        D. out

38. A. keep                   B. refuse                      C. taste                         D. bear

39. A. awkward             B. relaxing                   C. lively                       D. beautiful

40. A. comment            B. word                        C. concept                    D. response

41. A. received                     B. invited                            C. treated                            D. accepted

42. A. good                  B. great                        C. hard                         D. easy

43. A. taken                  B. underlined                C. offered                            D. emphasized

44. A. lit up                  B. built up                    C. turned up                 D. made up

45. A. imagining           B. thinking                   C. hoping                            D. adding

46. A. only                   B. just                          C. even                        D. single

47. A. mostly                B. hardly                      C. exactly                            D. slightly

48. A. sharp                  B. normal                            C. different                   D. typical

49. A. encouraging        B. evaluating                C. disagreeing               D. agreeing

50. A. anxious               B. excited                            C. sad                          D. tense

51. A. reviewed             B. observed                  C. checked                    D. studied

52. A. competence         B. creativity                  C. responsibility            D. confidence

53. A. Therefore            B. Instead                            C. Still                         D. Besides

54. A. embrace                     B. discover                   C. determine                 D. control

55. A. character             B. strength                    C. relief                       D. independence

第三部分  閱讀理解(共15小題;每小題2分,滿分30分)

請認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。

A

Zoo elephants don’t live as long as those in the wild, according to a study sure to cause debate about keeping the giant animals on display. Researchers compared the life spans of elephants in European zoos with those living in Amboseli National Park in Kenya and others working on a timber (木材) enterprise in Burma. Animals in the wild or in natural working conditions had life spans twice that or more of their relatives in zoos.

Animal care activists have urged in recent years to discourage keeping elephants in zoos, largely because of the lack of space and small numbers of animals that can be kept in a group.

The researchers found that the median life span for African elephants in European zoos was 16.9 years, compared with 56 years for elephants who died of natural causes in Kenya’s Amboseli Park. Adding in those elephants killed by people in Africa lowered the median life span there to 35.9 years. For the more endangered Asian elephants, the median life span in European zoos was 18.9 years, compared with 41.7 years for those working in the Burma Timber Enterprise. Median means half died younger than that age and half lived longer.

There is some good news, though. The life spans of zoo elephants have improved in recent years, suggesting an improvement in their care and raising, but “Protecting elephants in Africa and Asia is far more successful than protecting them in Western zoos.”

There are about 1,200 elephants in zoos, half in Europe, researchers concentrated on female elephants, which make up 80 percent of the zoo population. One amazing thing was that Asian elephants born in zoos had shorter life spans than those brought to the zoos from the wild.

Zoos usually lack large areas that elephants are used to in the wild, and that zoo animals often are alone or with one or two other unrelated animals, while in the wild they tend to live in related groups of 8 to 12 animals. In Asian elephants, baby death rates are two to three times higher in zoos than in the Burmese logging camps, and then, in adulthood, zoo-born animals die young. People are not sure why.

56. What is argued in this passage?

A.     Zoo elephants don’t live as long as those in the wild.

B.      Elephants should not be on display.

C.      Asian elephants are in danger.

D.     Asia is far more successful protecting elephants in zoos.

57. What does the underlined word “median” mean according to the passage?

A. Average.     B. Longest.    C. Shortest.     D. Ordinary.

58. Which of the following is NOT the disadvantage of keeping elephants in zoos?

A. Limited number of relatives.      B. Lack of space.

C. Shorter life span.               D. Less attention.

59. Who does the writer of the passage expect to pay more attention to the issue addressed?

A. Zoologists.   B. Zoo Visitors.       C. Animal care activists.   D. The public.

B

Teaching Boys: Developing classroom practices that work

Amanda Keddie and Martin Mills

Bridges the gap between theory and practice to offer a practical and sustainable framework for teaching boys in classrooms of all levels.

Sales points

• Teaching boys remains one of the most concerned issues in education today

• Many books have been published analysing why boys perform less well than girls, and why some boys struggle at school. But they don’t show teachers what will work: this book does

• The authors offer a research-based framework for classroom strategies that work with boys―and don’t disadvantage girls

Description

Boys’ education continues to be a focus of public anxiety among teachers. Concern about boys’ general educational under-achievement and the impact this under-achievement has on the boys themselves, as well as on the broader society, continues to fuel disagreement and debate on the best approach to take in response.

Teaching Boys provides a framework for developing practical and sustainable ways to improve boys’ education.

The book indicates how what teachers do in the classroom can enable boys’ academic and social outcomes. With detailed case studies, Keddie & Mills outline a range of practical classroom strategies that will assist teachers to meet the challenge of teaching boys, without neglecting the girls in the process.

About the Author

Amanda Keddie is a researcher at the University of Queensland. Her research interests and teaching areas focus on classroom teaching, curriculum and educational sociology.

Martin Mills is Associate Professor in the School of Education at the University of Queensland. He has written several books, and is co-author of Teachers and Schooling Making a Difference (Allen & Unwin, 2005).

60.   The purpose of this passage is ________.

A. to promote classroom teaching

B. to advertising a book

C. to analyzing boys’ academic performance

D. to introduce two educators

61.   What problem is NOT mentioned in the passage?

A. Boys’ general educational under-achievement and its impact.

B. Teachers’ anxiety to teach boys.

C. Lack of practical strategies for teaching boys.

D. Public opinions on classroom teaching.

62. The book Teaching Boys is intended for ________.

A. parents            B. teachers                 C. students                D. boys

63. What can we know from the passage?

A. Teachers’ concern makes the disagreement and debate on the best approach more heated.

B. Teachers’ concern brings about the disagreement and debate on the best approach.

C. The strategies recommended by the book are of no benefit to girls.

D. Teaching boys to improve their achievement is a newly-raised issue.

                   

C

Everyone has heard of the San Andreas fault (斷層), which constantly threatens California and the West Coast with earthquakes. But how many people know about the equally serious New Madrid fault in Missouri?

Between December of 1811 and February of 1812, three major earthquakes occurred, all centered around the town of New Madrid, Missouri, on the Mississippi River. Property damage was severe. Buildings in the area were almost destroyed. Whole forests fell at once, and huge cracks opened in the ground, releasing some strong smell chemicals.

The Mississippi River itself completely changed character, developing sudden rapids and whirlpools (激流和漩渦). Several times it changed its course, and once, according to some observers, it actually appeared to run backwards. Few people were killed in the New Madrid earthquakes, probably simply because few people lived in the area in 1811; but the severity of the earthquakes are shown by the fact that the shock waves rang bells in church towers in Charleston, South Carolina, on the coast. Buildings shook in New York City, and clocks were stopped in Washington, D.C.

Scientists now know that America’s two major faults are essentially different. The San Andreas is a horizontal (水平的) boundary between two major land masses that are slowly moving in opposite directions. California earthquakes result when the two masses make a suddenly move.

The New Madrid fault, on the other hand, is a vertical fault; at some point, possibly hundreds of millions of years ago, rock was pushed up toward the surface, probably by volcanoes under the surface. Suddenly, the volcanoes cooled and the rock collapsed, leaving huge cracks. Even now, the rock continues to settle downwards, and sudden sinking motions cause earthquakes in the region. The fault itself, a large crack in this layer of rock, with dozens of other cracks that split off from it, extends from northeast Arkansas through Missouri and into southern Illinois.

Scientists who have studied the New Madrid fault say there have been numerous smaller quakes in the area since 1811; these smaller quakes indicate that larger ones are probably coming, but the scientists say they have no method of predicting when a large earthquake will occur.

64. This passage is mainly about ________.

A. the New Madrid fault                     B. the San Andreas

C. the causes of faults                  D. current scientific knowledge about faults

65. Which of the following pictures best describes the type of the New Madrid fault?

www.ks5u.com

A.                                         B.

.     www.ks5u.com            

 C.                                                                            D.

www.ks5u.com

 

66. This passage implies that ________.

A. horizontal faults are more dangerous than vertical faults

B. vertical faults are more dangerous than horizontal faults

C. a lot of people would die if the 1811 New Madrid earthquakes happened today

D. the volcanoes that caused the New Madrid fault are still alive.

D

(Mr Jones, the owner of a farm, was one day driven out of the farm by all the animals he raised. The animals were excited to be free and independent. More important, they were masters of their own and, of course, their farm. Animals made seven rules of their own and Snowball painted them on the wall.)

           

1.       Whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy.

2.       Whatever goes upon four legs, or has wings, is a freind.

3.       No animal shall wear clothes.

4.       No animal shall sleep in a bed.

5.       No animal shall drink alcohol.

6.       No animal shall kill any other animal.

7.       All animals are equal.

It was very neatly written, and except that “friend” was written “freind” and one of the “S’s” was the wrong way round, the spelling was correct all the way through. Snowball read it aloud for the benefit of the others. All the animals nodded in complete agreement, and the cleverer ones at once began to learn the Commandments by heart.

 “Now, comrades,” cried Snowball, throwing down the paintbrush, “to the hayfield! Let us make it a point of honor to get in the harvest more quickly than Jones and his men could do.”

But at this moment the three cows, who had seemed uneasy for some time past, let out a loud lowing. They had not been milked for twenty-four hours, and their udders were almost bursting. After a little thought, the pigs sent for buckets and milked the cows fairly successfully, their trotters (蹄子) being well adapted to this task. Soon there were five buckets of frothing creamy milk at which many of the animals looked with considerable interest.

 “What is going to happen to all that milk?” said someone.

 “Jones used sometimes to mix some of it in our food,” said one of the hens.

 “Never mind the milk, comrades!” cried Napoleon, placing himself in front of the buckets. “That will be attended to. The harvest is more important. Comrade Snowball will lead the way. I shall follow in a few minutes. Forward, comrades! The hay is waiting.”

So the animals trooped down to the hayfield to begin the harvest, and when they came back in the evening it was noticed that the milk had disappeared.

67. Who is the leader of the animals?

A. Snowball.       B. Jones.         C. Napoleon.     D. Cows.

68. When does the story take place?

A. In spring.              B. In summer.    C. In fall.               D. In winter.

69. What can we infer from the story?

A. The animals are having a revolution.

B. The animals are doing a play.

C. The animals don’t think they are equal.

D. The animals will live a harmonious life.

70. Who is indicated as the animals’ enemy?

A. The chicken.           B. The human being.     C. The cow.               D. The pig.

第四部分  任務(wù)型閱讀(共10小題;每小題1分,滿分10分)

請認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文,并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。注意:每空格1個單詞。

Going up to university to study for a degree means you have decided to study professionally, rather than as an amateur; so being a student is now your profession for at least the next four years.

This involves a change of attitude in many ways. Now, instead of taking several subjects, you have chosen one major subject because you find it interesting and worth exploring further. You also have before you the goal of getting a degree. The degree and the stages you have to pass through to achieve it give you motivation. You are no longer forced to stay in school all day, and apart from your class time, you organize your own time and place for studying.

Another change is in the relationship with those who teach you. You are there to study actively rather than to be taught passively. Your teachers may or may not urge you, but they do want you to share their interest in the subject and they want you to succeed. If you get work back with a poorer mark than you expected and with various criticisms, don’t feel discouraged by this; if you don’t understand what is wrong and how to improve, ask your teacher to explain and don’t be satisfied until you do understand.

Professionalism involves training and practicing. Some activities, like reading, note-taking, speaking and discussing are basic to studying. Make sure you can do these effectively. You have to use time well, and practice to improve your skills.

Effective reading is part of your training. Since it is a learned skill we can change the way we did since in primary school and relearn it. Learn how to read fast―how to read with your eyes rather than your throat, how to ignore words like “of” and “the”, and how to keep what you read.

You take notes in class for yourself, not for anyone else, so make your notes easy to read, economical and pleasing to the eye. Vary the arrangement on the page to suit the material (diagrams, columns, underlining), use colored pens for different topics to catch the eye and make things stand out. Work out your own shorthand speedwriting.

Group discussions give you a chance to train your ability to express yourself. Don’t be the non-speaking member of the group. Take an active part in the discussion. In the future you are almost certainly going to have to be good at speaking, so get into the way of talking about your subject now. This is actually more fun than sitting being silently uncomfortable. Nobody will think what you say is foolish. Everyone will be thankful not to face embarrassed silence.

 

文本框: Title: On being a university student

 

文本框: (71)      : You need to know the changes in studying in university and improve some studying skills so that you can study professionally for a (72)       .

 

 

 

文本框: The (73)       between studying in             
the middle school and in the university
文本框: How to improve some study skills

 

文本框: In the university:
l Choose a major subject by yourself;
l Study (75)       and wherever you want to after class.
l Study actively.
文本框: In the middle school:
l Take several subjects;
l Be (74)       to stay in school all day.
l Be taught passively. 
文本框: Reading:	
l Read (76)       and don’t move your lips;
l (77)       spending time on some meaningless words;
l Stay interested in reading.
文本框: Discussing:
l Speak (80)       in group discussion;
l Talk about your subject.
文本框: (78)      :
l Arrange differently on the page;	
l Write in different 
(79)       for different topics;
l Use your own quick-writing way.
                        

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

第五部分  書面表達(dá)(滿分25分)

自1978年以來,我國海外留學(xué)生回國人數(shù)逐年上升。請在Shanghai Daily上發(fā)表一篇文章,根據(jù)圖表敘述海外人員歸國情況,分析回流原因,并希望更多的海外學(xué)者回國創(chuàng)業(yè)。

回歸原因:

1.國家重視,政策優(yōu)惠;上海還提供更國際化的生活方式。

2.我國經(jīng)濟高速發(fā)展,回國發(fā)展空間大。

3.……(請自擬)

1978                              2007  2008  2009

7000

15,000

37,000

(占全國回歸人員25%)

 

 

要求: 1)可根據(jù)內(nèi)容要點適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié),使行文連貫。

       2)詞數(shù):150字左右。短文開頭已為你寫好,不計入詞數(shù)。

參考詞匯:制定政策 work out policies      海歸人員 returnee

 

There has been a reversal of the brain drain since 1978 across the country.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

試題詳情

江蘇省南京市2009屆高三第一次調(diào)研測試

政治2009.03

 

    本試卷分第1卷(選擇題)和第Ⅱ卷(非選擇題)兩部分。共120分?荚囉脮r100分鐘。

注意事項:

    答題前,考生務(wù)必將自己的學(xué)校、姓名、考試號寫在答題卡上?荚嚱Y(jié)束后,交回答題卡。

第1卷(選擇題,共66分)

試題詳情

湖北省2009年高考考前第二輪模擬試題㈤

語  文  試  卷

 

命制:高三語文組 青峰弦月

6ec8aac122bd4f6e
 

本試卷共150分。考試用時150分鐘。

注意事項:

  1.答卷前,考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在試題卷和答題卡上,并將準(zhǔn)考證號條形碼粘貼在答題卡上的指定位置。

  2.選擇題選出答案后,用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動,用橡皮擦干凈后,再選涂其它答案標(biāo)號。非選擇題用黑色墨水的簽字筆或鋼筆直接答在答題卡上。答在試題卷上無效。

  3.考試結(jié)束,監(jiān)考人員將本試題和答題卡一并收回。

第Ⅰ卷(選擇題部分,共36分)

試題詳情

石家莊市高中畢業(yè)班第一次模擬考試

理科綜合測試題

可能用到的相對原子質(zhì)量:

As―75   C―12   N―14   O―16   Na―23   Mg―24   Al―27  S―32  Cl―35.5

試題詳情

南寧二中08―09學(xué)年度高三質(zhì)量測試

文科綜合試題

 

本試卷分第Ⅰ卷(選擇題)和第Ⅱ卷(非選擇題)兩部分,考試結(jié)束后,將答題卡呈答題卷上交。

 

第Ⅰ卷(選擇題  共140分)

 

下列各題的四個選項中,只有一項是最符合題意的,請把所選答案填入相應(yīng)的答題卡中。每小題4分,共140分。

       讀圖I“我國某地區(qū)月等溫線圖”,回答1―5題。

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.圖中三條28℃等溫線將圖示地區(qū)劃分為甲、乙、丙、丁四個區(qū)域,其中溫度相對較低的區(qū)域為                                                   (    )

       A.甲、乙               B.丙、丁               C.甲、丙               D.乙、丁

2.圖中M地氣溫區(qū)別于周圍地區(qū)的影響因素是                                                     (    )

       A.緯度位置        B.大氣環(huán)流            C.地形地勢        D.海陸位置

 

3.圖示地區(qū)典型的自然植被類型為                                                                        (    )

       A.溫帶落葉闊葉林

       B.亞熱帶常綠闊葉林

       C.亞熱帶常綠硬葉林

       D.熱帶季雨林

4.圖示地區(qū)河流最主要的補給水源是                                                                    (    )

       A.冰川融水           B.雨水              C.積雪融水            D.地下水

5.下列關(guān)于圖示地區(qū)河流特征的敘述正確的是                                                      (    )

       ①徑流量豐富          ②汛期短                 ③流速緩慢             ④落差較大

       ⑤結(jié)冰期短             ⑥含沙量較小

       A.①④⑥           B.②④⑤          C.①③⑤             D.②③⑥

6.下表為亞洲某地干濕年份出現(xiàn)的概率及農(nóng)作物收益(無/畝)的統(tǒng)計。表中顯示收益受干濕變化影響最大的農(nóng)作物是                                                                (    )

       干旱程度

極旱年

干旱年

平年

濕潤年

極濕年

發(fā)生概率

0.1

0.2

0.4

0.2

0.1

農(nóng)作物收益

水稻

100

126

180

200

220

小麥

250

210

170

120

80

大豆

120

170

230

170

110

燕麥

118

130

170

190

210

       A.水稻                   B.小麥                   C.大豆                   D.燕麥

7.依表中數(shù)據(jù)也可知該地區(qū)經(jīng)營者首選種植的農(nóng)作物是                                        (    )

       A.水稻                   B.小麥                   C.大豆                   D.燕麥

       高空的冰晶、雪花下降到距地面2000~3000

米時,因周圍溫度升高而融化成低于0℃的過冷

卻水滴,當(dāng)這些過冷卻水滴接觸到溫度低于0℃

的地面或物體時,就會迅速凍結(jié)成晶瑩透明的冰

殼,即形成凍雨現(xiàn)象。

8.凍雨現(xiàn)象最有可能出現(xiàn)在圖中的                                                                        (    )

       A.①處                   B.②處                   C.③處                   D.④處

9.當(dāng)某地區(qū)出現(xiàn)凍雨現(xiàn)象時,該地區(qū)                                                                    (    )

       A.處在單一氣團的控制下                      B.上空有逆溫層存在

       C.正值春秋季節(jié)                                    D.地下潛水位迅速上升

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

10.如果上圖為南半球,北京 時間為                                                                    (    )

       A.0時                    B.8時                    C.12時                  D.16時

11.如果上圖為北半球,下列地理現(xiàn)象可能出現(xiàn)的是                                              (    )

       A.此時太陽直射點位于赤道                   B.湄公河正值汛期

       C.三江平原正值小麥?zhǔn)斋@季節(jié)               D.巴西高原草木繁茂

12.孟子認(rèn)為“善政不如善教之得民也,善政民畏之,善教民愛之,善政得民財,善教得民心,”貞觀二年,唐太宗對大臣們說:“國以人為本,人以衣食為本”。在表達(dá)民本思想時,唐太宗用詞不同于孟子的原因主要是              (    )

       A.唐太宗認(rèn)為孟子的思想需要補充        B.唐朝的語言習(xí)慣與戰(zhàn)國時期不同

13.右圖體現(xiàn)了戰(zhàn)國時音樂的發(fā)展水平,該樂器出土于                                          (    )

       A.陜西半坡            B.湖北隨州           

       C.湖南長沙            D.浙江余姚

14.2008年1月2日,青海昆侖玉被北京奧組委正式

確定為2008北京奧運會獎牌用玉。昆侖玉、和

田玉處于昆侖山脈同一成礦帶上,可謂是同宗姐

妹。青海昆侖玉原料儲備充分,塊體大,利于滿

足雕琢同一物體同質(zhì)地的要求。如果用昆侖玉在今新疆和田雕塑一位歷史人物以紀(jì)念他經(jīng)營西域地區(qū)的功績,并展現(xiàn)我國玉文化的底蘊。選擇下列哪一位人物最恰當(dāng)(    )

       A.張騫                   B.竇固                   C.司馬遷               D.班超

15.“漫天墜,撲地飛,白占許多田地。凍殺吳民都是你,難道是國家祥瑞!”從文學(xué)形式上看,這折小令是                                                  (    )

       A.宋詞                   B.元雜劇               C.元散曲               D.漢樂府詩

 

 

 

 

 

16.下列說法錯誤的有                                                                                           (    )

       ①秦朝規(guī)定教育由官府舉辦,嚴(yán)禁私學(xué),實行愚民政策

       ②漢代允許自身不服役的人可以出錢由官府雇人代替

       ③隋唐百煉鋼技術(shù)已相當(dāng)成熟

       ④隋煬帝令人在北方修筑的南北走向的馳道是由涿郡到并州

       ⑤唐玄宗實行的募兵制在當(dāng)時有利于生產(chǎn)的發(fā)展

       ⑥宋太祖時廢除了丞相

       ⑦郭守敬創(chuàng)制的簡儀是用來測量天體位置的儀器

       ⑧《大明律》對貪污賄賂罪嚴(yán)懲不貸

       ⑨清朝前期把全國劃分為包括蒙古在內(nèi)的25個省極行政區(qū)域

       A.②③⑥⑧            B.①④⑤⑦⑨        C.①②⑤⑥⑦⑧     D.③④⑥⑨

17.西歐有一句名諺:“中國人的頭,阿拉伯人的口,法蘭西人的手。”結(jié)合對古代科技史的理解,下列說法不正確的是                                                                    (    )

       A.中國人的勤勞智慧創(chuàng)造了領(lǐng)先世界的科技成就

       B.古代歐洲科技注重實驗,比中國科技水平更高

       C.歐洲吸收和借鑒中國科技成就,形成近代科學(xué)

       D.阿拉伯人在東西方文化交流中起到了橋梁作用

18.清政府正式派官員和商人攜物出洋赴賽,始自1876年美國費城舉辦的國際博覽會。……大清國的展品“物件悉遵華式,專為手工制造,無一借助機器”。經(jīng)評判,中國賽品“以絲、茶、瓷器、綢貨、雕花瓷器、景泰器,在各國中推為第一。”材料反映了              (    )

       ①中國的傳統(tǒng)手工業(yè)產(chǎn)品仍馳名中外      

       ②鴉片戰(zhàn)爭以后西方商品的輸入對中國傳統(tǒng)的手工業(yè)沖擊不大

       ③機器工業(yè)優(yōu)勢地位尚未形成

       ④清政府的政策逐漸發(fā)生了變化

       A.①②③               B.②③④               C.①③④               D.①②③④

19.以康有為和梁啟超為代表的資產(chǎn)階級維新派領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的戊戌變法                            (    )

       A.在軍事方面主要是改習(xí)洋操,實行募兵制,添設(shè)海軍

       B.以“公車上書”為序幕,前后延續(xù)了103天,史稱“百日維新”

       C.將維新思想付諸于實踐,動搖了封建政治制度

       D.因“戊戌政變”而夭折,但它促進了中國人民的覺醒

20.革命統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線建立前,中國共產(chǎn)黨提出“中國現(xiàn)存的各政黨,只有國民黨是比較革命的民主派,是比較真的民主派”的主要依據(jù)是                                          (    )

       A.孫中山領(lǐng)導(dǎo)國民黨堅持反帝反封建斗爭                            

       B.國民黨建立了根據(jù)地和軍隊

       C.其領(lǐng)袖孫中山站在無產(chǎn)階階級立場上

       D.國民黨代表資產(chǎn)階級和小資產(chǎn)階級的利益

 

 

試題詳情

湖北省2009年高考考前第二輪模擬試題㈠

語  文  試  卷

 

命制:高三語文組 青峰弦月

6ec8aac122bd4f6e
 

本試卷共150分?荚囉脮r150分鐘。

 

注意事項:

  1.答卷前,考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在試題卷和答題卡上,并將準(zhǔn)考證號條形碼粘貼在答題卡上的指定位置。

  2.選擇題選出答案后,用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動,用橡皮擦干凈后,再選涂其它答案標(biāo)號。非選擇題用黑色墨水的簽字筆或鋼筆直接答在答題卡上。答在試題卷上無效。

  3.考試結(jié)束,監(jiān)考人員將本試題和答題卡一并收回。

第Ⅰ卷(選擇題部分,共36分)

試題詳情

化學(xué)方程式萬能配平方法

化學(xué)反應(yīng)方程式配平

(一)最小公倍數(shù)法

這種方法適合常見的難度不大的化學(xué)方程式。例如,KClO3→KCl+O2↑在這個反應(yīng)式中右邊氧原子個數(shù)為2,左邊是3,則最小公倍數(shù)為6,因此KClO3前系數(shù)應(yīng)配2,O2前配3,式子變?yōu)椋?KClO3→KCl+3O2↑,由于左邊鉀原子和氯原子數(shù)變?yōu)?個,則KCl前應(yīng)配系數(shù)2,短線改為等號,標(biāo)明條件即:

2KClO3==2KCl+3O2↑

(二)奇偶配平法

這種方法適用于化學(xué)方程式兩邊某一元素多次出現(xiàn),并且兩邊的該元素原子總數(shù)有一奇一偶,例如:C2H2+O2――CO2+H2O,此方程式配平從先出現(xiàn)次數(shù)最多的氧原子配起。O2內(nèi)有2個氧原子,無論化學(xué)式前系數(shù)為幾,氧原子總數(shù)應(yīng)為偶數(shù)。故右邊H2O的系數(shù)應(yīng)配2(若推出其它的分子系數(shù)出現(xiàn)分?jǐn)?shù)則可配4),由此推知C2H2前2,式子變?yōu)椋?C2H2+O2==CO2+2H2O,由此可知CO2前系數(shù)應(yīng)為4,最后配單質(zhì)O2為5,寫明條件即可:

2C2H2+5O2==4CO2+2H2O

(三)觀察法配平

有時方程式中會出現(xiàn)一種化學(xué)式比較復(fù)雜的物質(zhì),我們可通過這個復(fù)雜的分子去推其他化學(xué)式的系數(shù),例如:Fe+H2O――Fe3O4+H2,F(xiàn)e3O4化學(xué)式較復(fù)雜,顯然,F(xiàn)e3O4中Fe來源于單質(zhì)Fe,O來自于H2O,則Fe前配3,H2O前配4,則式子為:3Fe+4H2O=Fe3O4+H2↑由此推出H2系數(shù)為4,寫明條件,短線改為等號即可:

3Fe+4H2O==Fe3O4+4H2↑

【注】本詞條的化學(xué)方程式中,未加粗體的為下腳標(biāo).

[編輯本段]配平詩集

這部分詩包括六首小詩,前五首向你介紹了化學(xué)反應(yīng)方程式的五種配平方法,第六首詩告訴你在實際配平過程中,如何靈活巧妙地運用這五種方法。如果你能記住并理解這六首小詩,那么你就可以自豪地說:“世界上沒有一個化學(xué)反應(yīng)方程式我不會配平……”

岐化反應(yīng)的簡捷配平法

三種價態(tài)先標(biāo)記,

兩者相減第三系。

若有約數(shù)需約簡,

悠然觀察便配齊。

說明:

1、岐化反應(yīng)又稱自身氧化還原反應(yīng),在岐化反應(yīng)中,同一種元素的一部分原子(或離子)被氧化,另一部分原子(或離子)被還原。如:

KCIO3 → KCIO4+KCI

S+KOH → K2S+K2SO3+H2O

2、這首詩介紹的是岐化反應(yīng)的一種簡捷配平方法。用該方法配平,簡捷準(zhǔn)確,速度可謂神速!

解釋:

1、三種價態(tài)先標(biāo)記:意思是說岐化反應(yīng)簡捷配平法的第一部是首先標(biāo)記清楚反應(yīng)式中不同物質(zhì)分子中發(fā)生岐化反應(yīng)的元素的化合價。如:

S0+KOH → K2S-2+K2S+4O3+H2O

2、兩者相減第三系:意思是說任意兩個化合價的變化值(絕對值),即為第三者的系數(shù)。

3、若有約數(shù)需約簡:意思是說由第二步得到的三個系數(shù)若有公約數(shù),則需要約分后再加到反應(yīng)式中去。

根據(jù)詩意的要求分析如下:

在S和K2S中,S0 →S-2,化合價變化值為ㄏ0-(-2)ㄏ= 2,所以K2SO3前的系數(shù)為2。

在S和K2SO3中,S0→S+4,化合價變化值為ㄏ0-4ㄏ= 4,所以K2S前的系數(shù)為4。

在K2S和K2SO3中,S-2→S+4,化合價變化值為ㄏ(-2)-4ㄏ= 6,所以S前的系數(shù)為6。

又因為2、4、6有公約數(shù)2,所以約簡為1、2、3,將約簡后的系數(shù)代入反應(yīng)式得:

3S+KOH → 2K2S+K2SO3+H2O

4、悠然觀察便配齊:意思是說將約簡后的系數(shù)代入反應(yīng)式后,悠然自在地觀察一下就可以配平。

觀察可知:右邊為6個K,所以KOH前應(yīng)加6,加6后左邊為6個H,所以H2O前應(yīng)加3,于是得到配平后的化學(xué)反應(yīng)方程式:

3S+6KOH = 2K2S+K2SO3+3H2O

說明:說時遲,那時快,只要將這種方法掌握后,在“實戰(zhàn)”時,僅需幾秒鐘便可完成配平過程。所以說“神速”是不過分的。

雙水解反應(yīng)簡捷配平法

誰弱選誰切記清,

添加系數(shù)電何等。

反應(yīng)式中常加水,

質(zhì)量守恒即配平。

說明:雙水解反應(yīng),是指由一種強酸弱堿鹽與另一種強堿弱酸鹽作用,由于相互促進,從而使水解反應(yīng)進行到底的反應(yīng)。如:AI2(SO4)3和Na2CO3反應(yīng)。該法的特點是可以直接寫系數(shù),可在瞬間完成配平過程。

解釋:

1、誰弱選誰切記清:“誰弱選誰”的意思是說,在兩種鹽中要選擇弱堿對應(yīng)的金屬離子(如AI3+是弱堿AI(OH)3對應(yīng)的金屬陽離子;NH4+離子是特例)和弱酸對應(yīng)的酸根陰離子(如CO32-是弱酸H2CO3對應(yīng)的酸根陰離子)作為添加系數(shù)(配平)的對象。

2、添加系數(shù)電何等:意思是說在選擇出的對象前添加一定的系數(shù),使弱堿對應(yīng)的金屬陽離子(或NH4+)的電荷數(shù)與弱酸對應(yīng)的酸根陰離子的電荷數(shù)相等。

3、反應(yīng)式中常加水,質(zhì)量守恒即配平:意思是說在兩種鹽的前面加上適當(dāng)?shù)南禂?shù)后,為了使質(zhì)量守恒,常在反應(yīng)式中加上n?H2O。

舉例:寫出AI2(SO4)3和Na2CO3兩種溶液混合,發(fā)生水解反應(yīng)的化學(xué)方程式。

根據(jù)詩意的要求分析如下:

⑴、根據(jù)水解原理首先寫出水解產(chǎn)物:

AI2(SO4)3+Na2CO3 ―― AI(OH)3↓+CO2↑+Na2SO4

⑵、因為要“誰弱選誰”,所以應(yīng)選AI3+和CO32-。

⑶、添加系數(shù)電荷等,因為AI3+帶3個正電荷,而在AI2(SO4)3中有2個AI3+,所以有6個正電荷;CO32-帶2個負(fù)電荷,要使“電荷等”,則必須在CO32-前加系數(shù)3,于是得到:

AI2(SO4)3+3Na2CO3 ―― 2AI(OH)3↓+3CO2↑+3Na2SO4

⑷、“反應(yīng)式中常加水”。因為生成物中有6個H,所以應(yīng)在反應(yīng)物中加上“3H2O”。這樣就得到了配平好了的雙水解反應(yīng)方程式:

AI2(SO4)3+3Na2CO3+3H2O = 2AI(OH)3↓+3CO2↑+3Na2SO4

奇數(shù)配偶法

出現(xiàn)最多尋奇數(shù),

再將奇數(shù)變?yōu)榕肌?/p>

觀察配平道理簡,

二四不行再求六。

說明:這首詩介紹了用奇數(shù)配偶法配平化學(xué)反應(yīng)方程式的步驟。該法的優(yōu)點是能適應(yīng)于各種類型的化學(xué)反應(yīng)方程式的配平,而且簡捷、迅速,可直接加系數(shù)。對一些有機物(特別是碳?xì)浠衔铮┤紵幕瘜W(xué)反應(yīng)方程式的配平顯得特別有效。但該法不適合于反應(yīng)物和生成物比較復(fù)雜的化學(xué)反應(yīng)方程式的配平,在這種情況下,若用此法常常很麻煩。

解釋:

1、出現(xiàn)最多尋奇數(shù),再將奇數(shù)變?yōu)榕迹哼@兩句說的是奇數(shù)配偶法的第一步!俺霈F(xiàn)最多尋奇數(shù)”的意思是說在反應(yīng)式中尋找在反應(yīng)前后出現(xiàn)次數(shù)最多的元素,然后在此基礎(chǔ)上尋找其中原子個數(shù)是奇數(shù)的一項;“再將奇數(shù)變?yōu)榕肌钡囊馑际钦f在找到的奇數(shù)前乘上一個偶數(shù)(一般是在分子前面加最小的偶數(shù)2)。

2、觀察配平道理簡,二四不行再求六:意思是說將奇數(shù)變?yōu)榕紨?shù)以后即可觀察配平,如果配不平,再依次試較大的偶數(shù)4,4若不行再用6,……

例一:請配平反應(yīng)式:

Cu+HNO3(濃) ―― Cu(NO3)2+NO2↑+H2O

根據(jù)詩意的要求分析如下:

在該反應(yīng)式中,Cu在反應(yīng)前后出現(xiàn)了2次,H出現(xiàn)了2次,N出現(xiàn)了3次,O出現(xiàn)了4次。顯而易見,氧是反應(yīng)前后出現(xiàn)次數(shù)最多的元素,而且生成物H2O中的個數(shù)為1,是奇數(shù),故應(yīng)在H2O的前面加系數(shù)2,使奇數(shù)變?yōu)榕紨?shù):

Cu+HNO3(濃) ―― Cu(NO3)2+NO2↑+2H2O

在H2O的前面加上2后,右邊有4個H,所以應(yīng)在HNO3前面加上4,左邊加4后有4個N,而右邊有3個N,所以應(yīng)在NO2前面加上2,于是得配平了的化學(xué)反應(yīng)方程式:

Cu+4HNO3(濃)= Cu(NO3)2+2NO2↑+2H2O

例二:請配平反應(yīng)式:

C2H6 +O2 ―― CO2 +H2O

分析:觀察得知氧是前后出現(xiàn)次數(shù)最多的元素,故在H2O前加系數(shù)2,觀察后不平,然后換4,但還是不行,再換6。觀察配平如下:

2C2H6+7O2 = 4CO2+6H2O

氧化還原反應(yīng)交叉配平法

升價降價各相加,

價變總數(shù)約后叉。

氧化還原未參與,

配平不要忘記它。

氧化還原分子內(nèi),

從右著手莫懼怕。

叉后前后出奇偶,

奇變偶后再交叉。

說明:這首詩介紹了用交叉配平法配平氧化還原反應(yīng)方程式的步驟和應(yīng)用該法時應(yīng)注意的問題。對于較復(fù)雜的氧化還原反應(yīng),用該法配平則比較方便。

解釋:

1、升價降價各相加:這句的意思是介紹了交叉配平法的第一步,即:首先表明升價元素和降價元素的化合價,然后將升降價數(shù)各自分別相加,這樣就得出了升價元素化合價的價變總數(shù)和降價元素化合價的價變總數(shù)。

舉例:請用交叉配平法配平如下反應(yīng)式:

FeS2+O2 ―― SO2+Fe2O3

根據(jù)詩意的要求先表明升價元素和降價元素的化合價,于是得到:

Fe+2S2-1+O20 ―― S+4O2-2+Fe2+3O3-2

根據(jù)詩意的要求再算出升價元素和降價元素的價變總數(shù)。Fe2+→Fe3+化合價升高數(shù)為1,S-1→S+4化合價升高數(shù)為5,又因為FeS2中有2個S,所以S的升價總數(shù)為5×2=10,故升價元素(Fe和S)的價變總數(shù)為1+10=11;O0→O-2化合價降低數(shù)為2,因O2含2個O,所以降價元素O的價變總數(shù)為2×2=4。于是得到下式:

11 4

FeS2 + O2 ―― SO2 + Fe2O3

2、價變總數(shù)約后叉:意思是說得出的升價元素化合價的價變總數(shù)和降價元素化合價的價變總數(shù)后,若二者有公約數(shù),則需約簡后再交叉(如二者是6和9,則約簡為2和3)。言外之意,若二者為互質(zhì)數(shù),則直接交叉即可。

在這個例子中,11和4是互質(zhì)數(shù),故可以直接交叉,于是得到下式:

11 4

4FeS2 + 11O2 ―― SO2 + Fe2O3

左右觀察配平可得到答案:

4FeS2+11O2 = 8SO2+2Fe2O3

3、氧化還原未參與,配平不要忘記它:意思是說若有的反應(yīng)物僅部分參加了氧化還原反應(yīng),一部分未參加氧化還原反應(yīng),那么應(yīng)將交叉系數(shù)再加上沒有參加氧化還原反應(yīng)的物質(zhì)的分子個數(shù),這樣才是該物質(zhì)分子前的系數(shù)。

舉例:請用交叉配平法配平下列反應(yīng)式:

Mg+HNO3 ―― Mg(NO3)2+NH4NO3+H2O

根據(jù)詩意的要求分析如下:

Mg的價變總數(shù)為2,N的價變總數(shù)為8,約簡后為1和4,故Mg前系數(shù)是4已是無疑的,而HNO3前的系數(shù)似乎應(yīng)該是1,但觀察生成物中有9分子的HNO3沒有參加反應(yīng),故HNO3前的系數(shù)不是1,而是1+9=10。于是可得到如下配平好了的反應(yīng)方程式:

4Mg+10HNO3 = 4Mg(NO3)2+NH4NO3+3H2O

4、氧化還原分子內(nèi),從右著手莫懼怕:意思是說若是分子內(nèi)氧化還原反應(yīng),則應(yīng)該從生成物著手交叉配平。

舉例:請用交叉配平法配平下列反應(yīng)式:

NH4NO3 ―― N2+O2+H2O

根據(jù)詩意分析如下:

一看便知這是一個典型的分子內(nèi)氧化還原反應(yīng),所以應(yīng)從生成物著手交叉。N0→N-3化合價降低數(shù)-3,是N0→N+5化合價升高數(shù)是5,故N的價變總數(shù)應(yīng)是ㄏ5 + (-3) ㄏ = 2,O0→O-2化合價的價變總數(shù)為1。觀察配平得:

2NH4NO3 = 2N2+O2+4H2O

5、叉后前后出奇偶,奇變偶后再交叉:意思是說若交叉系數(shù)后某原子反應(yīng)前后的個數(shù)出現(xiàn)了一奇一偶現(xiàn)象,則需將奇數(shù)(乘以2)變?yōu)榕紨?shù)。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

舉例:請用交叉配平法配平下列反應(yīng)式:

FeS+KMnO4+H2SO4 ―― K2SO4+MnSO4+Fe2(SO4)3+H2O+S↓

根據(jù)詩意的要求分析如下:

Fe和S的化合價升高總數(shù)為3(奇數(shù)),Mn的化合價降低總數(shù)為5,所以交叉系數(shù)是3和5,但Fe2(SO4)3中有2個Fe(偶數(shù)),K2SO4中有2個K(偶數(shù)),故應(yīng)將3和5分別乘以2,變?yōu)榕紨?shù)6和10,即6和10就是實際應(yīng)該交叉的系數(shù)。由此得出:

10FeS+6KMnO4+24H2SO4 = 3K2SO4+6MnSO4+5Fe2(SO4)3+24H2O+10S↓

說明:交叉配平法在解釋的時候似乎“較復(fù)雜”,但實際配平過程中,僅僅靠大腦瞬間的思維就完成了,所以只要把這首詩真正理解了,那么在實際配平中就會達(dá)到瞬間完成的效果。

萬能配平法

英文字母表示數(shù),

質(zhì)電守恒方程組。

某項為一解方程,

若有分?jǐn)?shù)去分母。

說明:這首詩介紹的是萬能配平法的步驟。該方法的優(yōu)點是:該法名副其實――萬能!用它可以配平任何化學(xué)反應(yīng)方程式和離子方程式。如果你把這種方法熟練掌握了,那么你就可以自豪地說:“世界上沒有一個化學(xué)反應(yīng)方程式我不會配平!;該法的弱點是:對于反應(yīng)物和生成物比較多的化學(xué)方程式,用該法則配平速度受到影響。但也不是絕對的,因為其速度的快慢決定于你解多元一次方程組的能力,如果解方程組的技巧掌握的較好,那么用萬能配平法配平化學(xué)方程式的速度也就很理想了。

解釋:

1、英文字母表示數(shù):“數(shù)”指需要配平的分子系數(shù)。這句的意思是說萬能配平法的第一步是用英文字母表示各分子式前的系數(shù)。

舉例:請用萬能配平法配平下列反應(yīng)式:

Cu+HNO3(濃) ―― Cu(NO3)2+NO2↑+H2O

根據(jù)詩意的要求用英文字母表示各分子前的系數(shù),于是得到如下反應(yīng)方程式:

A?Cu+B?HNO3(濃) ―― C?Cu(NO3)2+D?NO2↑+E?H2O……①

2、質(zhì)電守恒方程組:該法的第二步是根據(jù)質(zhì)量守恒定律和電荷守恒定律列多元一次方程組(若不是離子方程式,則僅根據(jù)質(zhì)量守恒定律即可)。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

根據(jù)詩意的要求列出下列方程組:

A = C

B = 2E

B = 2C + D

3B = 6C + 2D + E

3、某項為一解方程:意思是說該法的第三步是令方程組中某個未知數(shù)為“1”,然后解方程組。

根據(jù)詩意的要求,我們令B = 1,代入方程組得下列方程組:

A = C

1 = 2E

1 = 2C + D

3 = 6C + 2D + E

解之得:A=1/4,C=1/4,D=1/2,E=1/2

將A、B、C、D、E的數(shù)值代入反應(yīng)方程式①得:

1/4Cu+HNO3(濃) ―― 1/4Cu(NO3)2+1/2NO2↑+1/2H2O……②

說明:在實際配平過程中,到底該令那一項為“1”,要具體問題具體分析,以解方程組簡便為準(zhǔn)。一般是令分子式比較復(fù)雜的一項的系數(shù)為“1”。

4、若有分?jǐn)?shù)去分母:意思是說該法的第四步是將第三部解方程組得到的方程組的解代入化學(xué)反應(yīng)方程式中,若有的系數(shù)是分?jǐn)?shù),則要在化學(xué)反應(yīng)方程式兩邊同乘以各分母的最小公倍數(shù)。從而各分母被去掉,使分?jǐn)?shù)變?yōu)檎麛?shù)。

根據(jù)詩意的要求將方程②兩邊同乘以4得:

Cu+4HNO3(濃) = Cu(NO3)2+2NO2↑+2H2O

配平?jīng)Q策歌

迅速觀察定類型,

歧化水解首先用。

能否奇偶再交叉,

四法技窮有萬能。

說明:這首詩闡述了在實際配平時如何正確運用筆者介紹的這五種配平方法。

解釋:

1、迅速觀察定類型:意思是說在看到試題后,第一步是首先觀察一下是屬于哪一類型的反應(yīng)式。

2、歧化水解首先用:意思是說若是岐化反應(yīng)則首先用《歧化反應(yīng)簡捷配平法》,若是雙水解反應(yīng)則首先用《雙水解反應(yīng)簡捷配平法》。

3、能否奇偶再交叉:意思是說既不是歧化反應(yīng),也不是雙水解反應(yīng),那么再看一下反應(yīng)物和生成物多少,若少則用《奇數(shù)配偶法》,若較多則用《交叉配平法》。

4、四法技窮有萬能:意思是說若遇到萬一的情況,即用前四種方法都解決不了,則拿出最后的絕招――《萬能配平法》。

為了便于同學(xué)們掌握上述五種配平法,現(xiàn)提供如下幾個練習(xí)題:

⑴、將FeCI3和Na2S兩種溶液混合會產(chǎn)生什么現(xiàn)象?寫出反應(yīng)方程式,并配平。

提示:用《雙水解簡捷配平法》。

⑵、配平下列反應(yīng)式:

KCIO3 ―― KCIO4+KCI

C2H2+O2 ―― CO2+H2O

Zn+HNO3 ―― Zn(NO3)2+NH4NO3+H2O

H2S+HNO3 ―― S+NO+H2O

提示:各種方法都用一下,并比較對于某個具體的反應(yīng)式用哪種方法較簡便 www.ks5u.com

 

 

w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

www.ks5u.com

試題詳情

山東省實驗中學(xué)2009年高三年級第四次綜合測試

文科綜合

本試卷分第Ⅰ卷(選擇題)和第Ⅱ卷(非選擇題)兩部分。滿分240分,考試時間150分鐘。

第Ⅰ卷(必做,共100分)

 

第Ⅰ卷為單項選擇題,共25小題,每小題4分,共100分。在每小題給出的四個選項中,只有一個最符合題目要求。

濕空氣和干空氣的垂直遞減率是不同的,濕空氣的垂直遞減率要小一些,因為濕空氣上升時水汽會產(chǎn)生凝結(jié),而水分凝結(jié)是釋放熱量的過程,抵消了部分因上升所引起的降溫。讀下圖回答 1――2題。

d

1.d若點氣溫為26℃,a點氣溫為30℃,d.c兩點高度相同,b點的溫度為10℃,c點溫度為30℃,則背風(fēng)坡與a點相同高度的點氣溫為多少?                                                     (    )

A.35℃               B.30℃                C.25℃             D.34℃

2.根據(jù)材料的敘述可以下列判斷正確的是                                                             (    )

 A.a(chǎn)b坡為迎風(fēng)坡                             B.bc坡為迎風(fēng)坡    

  C.兩個坡均有可能為迎風(fēng)坡                  D.無法判斷

讀我國27°N局部地區(qū)剖面圖,回答3~5題。

3.根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)卮怪敝脖粠Х植家?guī)律判斷,甲處植被帶應(yīng)為                                        (    )

    A.落葉闊葉林       B.熱帶雨林           C.高山灌叢草甸    D.常綠松林

4.①.②.③為同一條河流干流形成的三個谷地,從上游向下游的排列順序是          (    )

    A.①②③          B.②③①          C.②①③          D.③②①

5.玉龍山山麓植被帶是在干熱氣候條件下形成,當(dāng)?shù)剡@種氣候的成因是                (    )

       Ⅰ.常年受副熱帶高氣壓控制,盛行下沉氣流   Ⅱ.冬季風(fēng)背風(fēng)坡,下沉增溫 

       Ⅲ.西南季風(fēng)越過山頂,下沉增溫             Ⅳ.河谷地形,地形閉塞

    A.Ⅰ.Ⅱ            B.Ⅲ.Ⅳ             C.Ⅰ.Ⅲ            D.Ⅱ.Ⅳ

       《碧水藍(lán)天――展望21世紀(jì)的中國環(huán)境》研究報告中稱:“從1995年到2020年,最大城市的大氣質(zhì)量總體有所改善……”2001年7月13日,北京申奧成功。北京申奧的一句響亮口號是“綠色奧運”。根據(jù)城市發(fā)展,預(yù)計到2010年,我國將建成輕軌鐵路約450千米;到2020年,我國將建成輕軌鐵路約900千米;到2050年,將建成4500千米共300條的城市輕軌鐵路;卮6――8題。

6.上述材料反映出我國正致力于改善在城市化過程中產(chǎn)生的下列問題中的           (    )

①環(huán)境污染  ②綠地面積少  ③交通擁擠  ④就業(yè)困難  ⑤社會治安差

A.①②                  B.①②③           C.①②③④           D.①②③④⑤

7.對大多數(shù)中國城市來說,不能呈現(xiàn)“碧水藍(lán)天”的原因是                                    (    )

A.城市“熱島效應(yīng)”時的城市多雨天,少晴天

B.城市建設(shè)大興土木,塵土飛揚,污水四流

C.沙塵暴時的城市大氣能見度變小,水域泥沙含量大

D.城市生活.生產(chǎn)及交通排出廢氣(尾氣)與生活.生產(chǎn)廢水造成城市大氣和水域污染

8.修建城市輕軌鐵路,除了能改善城市交通,還可以                                           (    )

A.改善城市的景觀                       B.提高城市居民的經(jīng)濟收入

C.改善城市的環(huán)境質(zhì)量                   D.調(diào)整城市的經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)

9.有人為簡化教材內(nèi)容,利用公式表示概念間關(guān)系,表述錯誤的是:                   (    )

  A.資本主義 = 商品經(jīng)濟+雇傭關(guān)系

  B.國家壟斷資本主義 = 國家干預(yù) + 壟斷資本主義     

  C.小農(nóng)經(jīng)濟 = 手工業(yè) + 農(nóng)業(yè)   

  D.江南制造總局 = 民族資本家+ 資本主

20090316

       A.《馬關(guān)條約》和公車上書             B.瓜分狂潮和義和團運動

       C.《辛丑條約》和戊戌變法              D.《辛丑條約》和辛亥革命

11.《德意志帝國憲法》規(guī)定:                                                                             

       “聯(lián)邦議會與帝國議會的召集、開會、延會、閉會之權(quán)屬于皇帝。”

       “聯(lián)邦議會的主席職位及其事務(wù)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)權(quán)屬于由皇帝任命的帝國宰相。”

       “建議并公布帝國法律及監(jiān)督其執(zhí)行之權(quán)屬于皇帝!

       材料反映出德國的政治制度的主要特點是                                                        (    )

       A.德國立法權(quán)控制行政權(quán)                   B.德國的皇帝凌駕于議會之上

       C.皇帝兼任聯(lián)邦議會的主席             D.皇帝無權(quán)中止法律的執(zhí)行

12.2008年,經(jīng)濟危機席卷世界,這不禁讓人想起1929-1933的世界經(jīng)濟大危機。1932年美國總統(tǒng)說:“我看到這個國家二分之一的人住無定所,食不果腹,什么是衡量社會進步的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)?那不是看已經(jīng)擁有很多的人是否獲得更多,而是看那些一無所有的人是否得到足夠的保障!卑凑账倪@一理念,美國政府采取的措施有         (    )

       ①以工代賑擴大就業(yè)                   

②削減農(nóng)業(yè),政府補貼 

       ③保障存款,恢復(fù)銀行信用                  

       ④要求企業(yè)制定章程,規(guī)定工資標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和工作時日           

       A.①②              B.②③               C.①③               D.①④

13.右圖是一本連環(huán)畫的封面,該書講述了孫家莊農(nóng)民孫志剛的故事,圖中的“社”指的是

(    )

       A.農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的合作組織     

       B.公私合營的生產(chǎn)組織

       C.人民公社的生產(chǎn)組織     

       D.包產(chǎn)到組的生產(chǎn)組織

 

 

 

 

14.玉石具有溫潤、堅硬的特點,我國古代形成了獨特的玉文化。孔子提倡君子佩玉,主要是因為                                                 (    )

    A.玉非常貴重,是財富的標(biāo)志              

    B.玉石的特點與我國古代的道德規(guī)范相吻合

   C.玉石具有祛除疾病的功用

   D.玉飾工藝精湛,具有很高的審美價值

15.“打鬼燒書圖”是19世紀(jì)末流傳于山東的反洋教斗爭宣傳畫,從中我們可以獲得的準(zhǔn)確信息是                                                      (    )

       ①它反映了中西文化的沖突

       ②這種斗爭具有籠統(tǒng)排外的性質(zhì) 

       ③體現(xiàn)了山東人民的反帝精神 

       ④沉重打擊了教會勢力,迫使它們退出了山東

       A.①②               B.①③④   

       C.①②③             D.①②③④

16.諾貝爾獎獲得者道格拉斯?諾斯寫道:“假設(shè)一

位古希臘人能被奇跡般地送到1750年的英國他

或她會發(fā)現(xiàn)許多熟悉的事物。不過,如果希臘人

再晚兩個世紀(jì)被送來,就會發(fā)現(xiàn),自己宛如置身

于一個“幻想的”世界,什么都不認(rèn)識,甚至什

么都不理解!弊髡咛岢龊笠环N假設(shè)的主要歷史

依據(jù)是                                                                                                             (    )

       A.工業(yè)社會形成與發(fā)展                         B.人口爆炸性增長

       C.經(jīng)濟全球化進程加速                   D.各國間交往密切

17.中國社科院提出“臺州模式”.成為浙江省經(jīng)濟發(fā)展過程中的典型代表。以本土的民營經(jīng)濟為主,創(chuàng)造并充分應(yīng)用了股份合作制, 這一形式適應(yīng)臺州生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展和生產(chǎn)要素組合社會化的趨勢,使得民營經(jīng)濟形成了全市國民經(jīng)濟“十分天下有其九”的經(jīng)濟格局. 臺州模式的成功,說明                                                     (    )

①符合“三個有利于”標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的所有制形式可以而且應(yīng)當(dāng)用來為社會主義市場經(jīng)濟經(jīng)濟服務(wù)

②民營經(jīng)濟是社會主義市場經(jīng)濟的重要組成部分

③民營經(jīng)濟有利于解放發(fā)展生產(chǎn)力

④民營經(jīng)濟在浙江經(jīng)濟中居于主導(dǎo)地位

A.①②③            B.①③④             C.②③④             D.①③④

18.據(jù)個人所得稅法有關(guān)規(guī)定,國務(wù)院決定自2008年10月9日起,對儲蓄存款利息所得(包括人民幣.外幣儲蓄利息所得)暫免征收個人所得稅。免征利息稅有利于                         (    )

  ①減輕中小企業(yè)經(jīng)營壓力,鼓勵消費和投資②合理調(diào)節(jié)個人收入,增加財政收入

  ③增加居民儲蓄,增強消費信心          ④讓群眾擁有更多的財產(chǎn)收入

  A.①②④           B.②③④          C.①②③        D.①③④

19.2008年9月13日,國務(wù)院立即啟動了國家重大食品安全事故I級響應(yīng),成立應(yīng)急處置領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組,由衛(wèi)生部牽頭,國家質(zhì)檢總局.工商總局.農(nóng)業(yè)部.公安部.食品藥品監(jiān)管局等部門和河北省人民政府參加,共同做好三鹿牌嬰幼兒配方奶粉重大安全事故處置工作。這說明                                                                      (    )

A.政府及其工作人員要嚴(yán)格依法執(zhí)政

B.國務(wù)院是我國的權(quán)力機關(guān),有權(quán)進行立法

C.我國政府是人民意旨的執(zhí)行者和人民利益的捍衛(wèi)者

D.政府權(quán)力的行使需要司法機關(guān)等系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部的監(jiān)督

日益猖獗的索馬里海盜行為也引起了國際社會的強烈譴責(zé)。目前,已有包括中國在內(nèi)的美國.俄羅斯.印度.日本等多國政府都已加入打擊海盜犯罪之行列。據(jù)此回答20-21題

20.索馬里海盜活動愈益猖獗說明                                                                         (    )

  A.恐怖主義是當(dāng)今世界矛盾和沖突的根源

  B.國際社會在打擊海盜問題上有共同利益

  C.和平與發(fā)展是當(dāng)今世界的主題之一

  D.和平對話和公平合理協(xié)商是解決國際爭端的有效途徑

21.2008年12月26日,在國內(nèi)外廣泛關(guān)注和期待下,中國海軍艦艇編隊遠(yuǎn)赴亞丁灣.索馬里海域展開護航行動。這一事實表明                                                                                    (    )

  ①維護我國的獨立和主權(quán),促進世界和平與發(fā)展是我國外交政策的宗旨

  ②和平共處五項原則是我國外交政策的基本立場

  ③中國在形使主權(quán)國家的獨立權(quán)和管轄權(quán)

    ④國家利益和國家力量是影響國際關(guān)系的重要因素

  A.①②               B.①③                 C.②③                D.①④

       航天工程是一項系統(tǒng)工程,需要循序漸進,從神一到神七,從無人到載人,從單人到多人,一次次的突破和勝利都源于中國航天人不斷的技術(shù)積累和創(chuàng)新。專家們指出未來中國將實施航天器對接,創(chuàng)建太空實驗室,進而建立自己的軌道空間站。胡錦濤指出,偉大的事業(yè)孕育偉大的精神,偉大的精神推動偉大的事業(yè)。據(jù)此回答22--23題

22.從神一到神七,從無人到載人,從單人到多人,進而建立自己的軌道空間站,航天工程作為一項系統(tǒng)工程,需要循序漸進,不斷積累和創(chuàng)新,這說明:           (    )

①世界上任何事物的變化都是量變和質(zhì)變的統(tǒng)一,必須重視量的積累。

②在尊重客觀規(guī)律的基礎(chǔ)上,充分發(fā)揮主觀能動性能夠認(rèn)識和利用規(guī)律為人類服務(wù)。

③事物發(fā)展是前進性和曲折性的統(tǒng)一

④用發(fā)展的觀點看問題,要把事物如實地看成一個變化發(fā)展的過程

  A.①②               B.①③                 C.②③                D.①④

23.胡錦濤指出,偉大的事業(yè)孕育偉大的精神,偉大的精神推動偉大的事業(yè)          (    )

A.正確的思想意識能夠促進客觀事物的發(fā)展    

B.前進性與曲折性相結(jié)合

C.理想能夠轉(zhuǎn)化為現(xiàn)實 

D.認(rèn)識事物的本質(zhì)和規(guī)律是一個艱苦的探索過程

24.2008年8月8日晚8時8分,第29屆夏季奧運會在北京鳥巢開幕。奧運會開幕式是展現(xiàn)中華民族豐厚文化的大舞臺,開幕式的文藝表演向全世界講述了感動世界的中國故事。巨大的畫卷演繹了中國五千年的夢想。 “長卷”.“夢幻五環(huán)”.“太極”.“點燃圣火”.“飛天”等創(chuàng)意給世界留下了深刻印象,體現(xiàn)出了豐富而悠久的中國傳統(tǒng)文化獨特的魅力。奧運開幕式的成功啟示我們                                                                             (    )

       ①文化創(chuàng)新源于實踐,必須植根于自己民族文化土壤

       ②文化決定于經(jīng)濟.政治,并反作用于經(jīng)濟.政治

       ③文化創(chuàng)新必須繼承傳統(tǒng),推陳出新;面向世界,博采眾長

       ④實踐是檢驗文化創(chuàng)新正確與否的根本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

A.①②            B.①④               C.②③            D.①③

 25.2008年8月下旬,一則新聞?wù)紦?jù)了各大網(wǎng)站IT頻道的頭條,番茄花園版windows xp作者涉嫌侵犯微軟公司知識產(chǎn)權(quán)被拘留。作者洪磊已經(jīng)承認(rèn)通過在番茄花園版Windows XP系統(tǒng)中捆綁廣告插件獲利,按照法律規(guī)定可能判刑3至7年,同時追繳非法所得。這一事件給我們的啟示                                                  (    )

A.不注重思想道德修養(yǎng),即使掌握了豐富的知識,也可能危害社會

B.思想道德修養(yǎng)比文化知識修養(yǎng)更重要

C.良好的知識文化素養(yǎng)并不能促進思想道德素養(yǎng)

D. 缺乏文化知識修養(yǎng),就易是非不分,善惡難辨,甚至走上違法犯罪的邪路

 

20090316

 

2,4,6

26.(25分)閱讀下列材料,回答問題。

材料一:浙江省2008年早稻、晚稻播種面積均比上年有所下降,加上臺風(fēng)較多,對晚稻生長影響較大,造成浙江省糧食總產(chǎn)量低于2007年。另外,由于種糧成本上升較快,雖然糧食收購價格高于上年,但農(nóng)民總體收益卻低于上年。

材料二:擁有17400萬畝耕地的黑龍江是全國最大的商品糧基地,水稻商品量居全國第一,占全國耕地面積的1/10,每年向省外銷售的糧食高達(dá)93億斤,遍及全國29個省市,其中運輸?shù)奖本?2億斤,天津7億斤,上海10億斤,浙江11億斤,廣東4億斤。

材料三:我國部分省區(qū)商品糧基地圖:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   (1)簡述浙江糧食播種下降的原因。(6分)

 

 

   (2)閱讀浙江省商品糧基地分布圖和相關(guān)材料,浙江是我國著名的魚米之鄉(xiāng),但是為什么現(xiàn)在糧食需要從黑龍江調(diào)入?浙江從黑龍江調(diào)入大米,對兩地的經(jīng)濟社會將產(chǎn)生什么積極影響?(10分)

 

 

   (3)閱讀黑龍江商品糧基地圖,三江平原分布在     ,(填寫數(shù)字),該平原是我國重要的商品糧基地,請你簡要分析其成為商品糧基地的條件。(12分)

 

 

   (4)黑龍江在杭州開設(shè)稻米加工廠,有什么有利條件?(8分)

 

 

27.(25分)某研究課題小組在對民族復(fù)興問題的研究中搜集到了以下幾組史料,閱讀后回答相關(guān)問題。

       材料一 :1941年中國共產(chǎn)黨發(fā)表《為抗戰(zhàn)四周年紀(jì)念宣言》中說:“四年以來,全國軍民奮起抗戰(zhàn),不顧犧牲,不怕困難,前赴后繼,再接再厲,付出了很大的代價,度過了許多的難關(guān),卒能使敵寇膽寒,環(huán)球心折,奠定了民族復(fù)興的基礎(chǔ),產(chǎn)生了新中國的雛形!   

                                     ――王儈林《抗日戰(zhàn)爭與解放戰(zhàn)爭若干問題研究》

   (1)指出中國共產(chǎn)黨在民族復(fù)興問題上的認(rèn)識是什么?(4分)抗日戰(zhàn)爭是怎樣提高中國的國際地位而使“環(huán)球心折”的?(4分)

 

 

 

 

材料二: 1937年,紅星照耀西方。該年1月,在美國《生活》雜志上,驚異的出現(xiàn)了毛澤東的頭像。在斯諾為他拍攝的一系列照片中,那張頭帶八角帽,神情沉著,面容清癯的肖像無疑最為著名。

    2,4,6

    (2)結(jié)合你的理解,簡述“紅星”是如何“照耀西方”的(4分)

          

     

    材料三: 抗日戰(zhàn)爭是中華民族從衰敗到復(fù)興的轉(zhuǎn)折點。抗戰(zhàn)勝利后,民族復(fù)興之路遭遇到艱難的國際政治環(huán)境,而(改革開放前長期進行的)經(jīng)濟積累又奠定了后來經(jīng)濟騰飛的基礎(chǔ)。

       (3)如何理解“民族復(fù)興之路遭遇到艱難的國際政治環(huán)境”?改革開放前長期進行的“經(jīng)濟積累”涉及到哪些主要歷史事件?(4分)

          

     

    材料四  “21世紀(jì)始于1978年”,這是英國《衛(wèi)報》專欄作家的斷言。因為哪一年“是鄧小平在中國實行改革開放的年份---一個社會主義國家開始從平均主義向市場經(jīng)濟走出了嘗試性的一步,它創(chuàng)造了一個完全不同的歷史”。 

       (4)這個“完全不同的歷史”有什么主要表現(xiàn)?(4分)結(jié)合上述史料及所學(xué)知識,分析為什么民族復(fù)興的夢想會在1946年破滅卻在1978年變成現(xiàn)實?(4分)

     

     

       (5)對中華民族復(fù)興問題的認(rèn)識, 觀點一是“中國不可能復(fù)興,因為它存在太多的麻煩問題!  觀點二是“中華民族必然會崛起和復(fù)興,這是歷史的必然!币罁(jù)這兩種觀點,談?wù)勀阕约旱目捶ǎ?分)

          

     

    28.(25分)閱讀下列材料,回答后面問題。

        材料一:截至2008年7月6日12時,各級政府共投入抗震救災(zāi)資金548.76億元。其中,中央財政投入497.48億元,地方財政投入51.28億元。此前,財政部和國家稅務(wù)總局聯(lián)合發(fā)布了抗震救災(zāi)及災(zāi)后重建的有關(guān)稅收優(yōu)惠政策,要求各級財政稅務(wù)機關(guān)認(rèn)真貫徹落實好現(xiàn)行稅收法律、法規(guī)中可以適用于抗震救災(zāi)及災(zāi)后重建的有關(guān)稅收優(yōu)惠政策。

    材料二:在黨中央、國務(wù)院的堅強領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下,抗震救災(zāi)取得了重大階段性成果。從抗震救災(zāi)實際出發(fā),著眼改革發(fā)展穩(wěn)定大局,黨中央、國務(wù)院及時作出了“兩手抓”的決策部署:一手毫不松懈地抓抗震救災(zāi),堅持以人為本,把安置受災(zāi)群眾、恢復(fù)生產(chǎn)、災(zāi)后重建擺在更加突出的位置,舉全國之力支援災(zāi)區(qū),打贏抗震救災(zāi)這場硬仗;一手堅定不移地抓好經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展,保持經(jīng)濟的良好發(fā)展態(tài)勢,維護社會的和諧穩(wěn)定,把奧運會各項籌備工作做得更好。

    材料三: “5•12”汶川大地震后,溫家寶在北川中學(xué)臨時學(xué)校寫下“多難興邦”4個大字,并鼓勵大家“面向光明的未來,昂起倔強的頭顱,挺起不屈的脊梁,燃起那顆熾熱的心,向前,向光明的未來前進”。地震,讓我們這個國家和民族遭受到前所未有的自然災(zāi)害,地震,摧毀了數(shù)以十萬計的房屋,奪去了數(shù)以萬計的鮮活生命,但也正在以瞬間之速凝聚著這個多難的民族。一個民族最強大的力量,源于不屈的人民,源于磨難之中迅速崛起的力量與決心。正是因為我們曾歷經(jīng)過許許多多的磨難,所以我們并沒被突如其來的地震嚇倒,也正因為我們正勇敢不屈地面對和克服此次災(zāi)難,所以我們就變得更加強大。

    根據(jù)材料,回答問題:

       (1)結(jié)合材料一,分析財政稅收在抗震救災(zāi)中發(fā)揮的作用。(8分)

     

     

     

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