1. -- You haven't lost the ticket, have you?

　 -- _____. I know it's not easy to get another one

　　　 at the moment. (2004 江蘇)

　　　 A. I hope not　　　　　 B. Yes, I have

　　　 C. I hope so　　　　　 D. Yes, I'm afraid so

5. Steve Jones tries to keep animals and plants from

　 becoming endangered.

　 斯蒂夫·瓊斯致力于保護(hù)動(dòng)植物免遭瀕危。

　 keep…from doing sth.“阻止……做某事”

　 Please keeD the children from swimming in the sea.

　 請別讓孩子們到海里游泳。

　 [聯(lián)想] stop / prevent...from...為keep...from...

　 的同義詞組，但前者的from可以省去，而后者中的

　 from卻不可省(如若省去from，則成為keep sb.

　 doing sth. “使某人一直做某事”)。

　 Nothing can prevent her (from) doing so.

　 什么也不能阻止她這樣做。

　 [注意]在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中。三個(gè)短語中的from皆不可

　 以省去。

　 [提醒] 若表示“阻止做某事”，sth. 作動(dòng)詞的賓語，

　 則 from 后應(yīng)跟動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，即“阻止某事被

　 做”。

　　 Nothing can stop the plan from being earried out.

什么也不能阻止這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃的實(shí)施。

[牛刀小試3]　　 ．

4. We may be able to take measures before it is too late.

　 現(xiàn)在采取措施也許為時(shí)不晚。

　 從屬連詞 before 最基本的含義足“在……之前”，但

　 在具體的句子中，譯法多種多樣，如“……才……”

　 “……就……”“沒等……就”等等。

　 He measured me before I could get in a word.

　 沒等我插上一句話他就給我量好了尺寸。

　 I waited a long time before he came.

　 我等了很久他才來。

3. We human beings could not survive without all the

　　 plants and animals around us.

　　 如果沒有周圍這些動(dòng)物和植物，我們?nèi)祟惥筒粫��?/p>

　　 存下來。

　　 句中，cannot…without足雙重否定表示肯定。

　　 You cannot learn Chinese well without making great

　　 effort.

　　 只有努力，你才能學(xué)好漢語。

　　 One cannot make bricks without straw.

　　 巧婦難為無米之炊。

　　 There will be no rain without wind.

　　 沒有風(fēng)哪有雨。

2. The cellphone helps her do whatever she wants to do.

　 手機(jī)幫助她做她想要做的事。

　 (1) whatever 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，在句中作主語、賓語、

　 表語等。

　 Whatever he did was right.

　 凡是他做的都是正確的。

　 I'll send whatever is needed.

　 需要什么我就送什么。

　 [比較]whatever 和 what 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別。

　 whatever 相當(dāng)于 anything that，語氣很強(qiáng)，側(cè)重泛指。

　 what 相當(dāng)于 all that，everything that, the thing(s)

　 that, 側(cè)重特指。

　 What he said was right.

　 他說的話是正確的。

　 (2) whatever 等于 no matter what 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從

　 句，意為“不管……”。

　 Whatever Wilson says, I'll post the letter.

　 = No matter what Wilson savs, I'll post the letter.

　 不管威爾遜說什么，我都要寄走那封信。

　 [鏈接]

　 however = no matter how 無論怎樣

　 whenever = no matter when 無論何時(shí)

　 whoever ① = no matter who 無論準(zhǔn)

　　　　　 ② 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，等于anyone who

1. The answer seems to be that we have a need to stay in

　 touch with friends and family no matter where we are

　 or what we ale doing.

　 答案似乎是，無論我們身在何處或者正在做什么，我

　 們都需要跟家人和朋友保持聯(lián)系。

　 no matter的用法

　 no matter是連詞詞組，作“無論，不管”解，常用于引

　 導(dǎo)表示讓步的狀語從句，常用于下列句型中：

　 ① No matter whal (who, when, how, where 等)... +

　 句子。(= whatever, whoever, whenever... + 句子)

　 No matter how proud he was, he was afraid to face

　 me.

　 無淪他多么傲慢，他還是怕面對我。

　 No matter whether you have time or not, you must go

　 there.

　 無淪是否有時(shí)間，你都得去那兒。

　 ② 在“no matter + 特殊疑問詞”引導(dǎo)的讓步狀講從句

　 中，要用一般式表示將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

　 No matter bow hard he works, he will never caleb up

　 with her.

　 無論他如何努力工作，他從沒趕上她。

　 ③ “No matter + 特殊疑問詞”結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的從句，可以

　 放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后。

　 Don't open the door, no matter who knocks it.

　 (= No matter who knocks the door, don't open it)

　 不管是淮敲門，都小要開門。

　 No matter whose box it it, it will be kept until the

　 owner returns. (= It will be kept until the owner

　 returns, no matter whose box it is.)

　 無論是誰的箱子，都得保存到物主回米。

6. hurt，harm，wound，injure

　 (I)hurt “傷害，受傷”，主要用于有生命的東西，多指

　 肉體方面的傷害，常伴有痛感。作借喻時(shí)常指對精

　 神或感情方碰的傷害。hurt作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)表示

　 “疼痛”。

　 He fell off the bike and hurt his arm.

　 他從自行車上跌下來傷了手臂。

　 (2) harm “損害，傷害”，指使有生命或無生命的東西

　 不再完整、美麗，或像原來那樣有價(jià)值。

　 She's afraid that in their fight he would harm the

　 child.

　 她怕他們在打架時(shí)他會傷到孩子。

　 (3) wound “受害，受傷”，指受襲擊或暴力時(shí)所受的

　 傷，如刀傷，槍傷，也可以借喻為精神或感情上的創(chuàng)

　 傷。

　 The bullet wounded him in the leg.

　 子彈打傷了他的腿。

　 He felt wounded in his honor.

　 他覺得他的榮譽(yù)受到了傷害。

　 (4) injure2傷害，損害”，意義較廣，著承指偶然事故

　 對人或物的容貌、內(nèi)部器官、生理機(jī)能的“損害”。

　 John fell down from the tree and injured his back.

　 約翰從樹上摔下來把背部摔傷lr。

　 I hope I didn’t injure her feelings.

　 我希望沒有傷害她的感情。

[句型歸納]

[考點(diǎn)1]Wang Mei is one of many Chinese teenagers who

live life "on the go" and use cellphones. 跟許多中國青少

年一樣，王梅使用手機(jī)享受著“移動(dòng)人生”。

例如：This is one of the exciting matches that I have ev-

er seen.

注意： “one of+名詞單數(shù)”作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；

“the (only / very) one of + the + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語，謂

語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

[考例1](2002上海) He is the only one of the students

who ____ a wumer of scholarship for three years.

　　 A. is　　 B. are

　　 C. have been　　 D. has been

[考查目標(biāo)] 主謂一致。

[答案與解析]D　 根據(jù)以上解釋，排除B、C兩項(xiàng)；根據(jù)

for three years，排除A項(xiàng)。

[考點(diǎn)2]Having a cellphone also makes us feel safer,

since we can call for help in case of an emergency. 有了

手機(jī)，我們會感到更安全，因?yàn)橛龅骄o急情況，我們可

以隨時(shí)求救。

該句中in case引導(dǎo)狀語從句。例如：

Take an umbrella with you in case it rains. 帶上雨傘，以

防下雨。

in case 表示“一旦；萬一；以防”，后接從句；in case of后

接名詞；而 in case 后接從句，該句在特定的語境中可以

省略。例如：

Take an umbrella with you in case of rain. 帶上雨傘，

以防下雨。

[考例2](2000京、皖春招)John may phone tonight, I

don't want to go out ____ he phones.

　　 A. as long as　　 B. in order that

　　 C. in case　　 D. so that

[考查目標(biāo)] 狀語從句的連接詞。

[答案與解析]C　 B項(xiàng)引導(dǎo)狀語從句，表示目的；D項(xiàng)

引導(dǎo)狀語從句�？梢员硎灸康囊部梢员硎窘Y(jié)果；A項(xiàng)引

導(dǎo)狀語從句，意思是“只要……就……”；C項(xiàng)in case表

示“以防，萬一”與上下文吻合。

[考點(diǎn)3]The answer seems to be that we have a need to

stay in touch with friends and family no matter where we

are or what we are doing. 答案似乎是：無論我們在何處

或正在干什么，我們都需要與朋友、家人一直保持聯(lián)

系。

該句中的“no matter + 疑問詞”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。例如：

No matter how clever you are。you must work hard．

引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的"no matter + 疑問詞”常�？梢耘c

“疑問詞 + ever"互換。課文中的句子可以換成“Wher-

ever we are or whatever we are doing.”例如：

Wherever he went, he received a warm welcome. 無論

他走到哪兒，都受到熱烈歡迎。

[考例3](2004湖北) You should try to get a good

night's sleep ____ much work you have to do.

　　　 A. however　　　　　　 15. no matter

　　　 C. although　　　　　　 D. whatever

[考查目標(biāo)]讓步狀語從句的連接詞。

[答案與解析]A　 根據(jù)句子意思“不管你有多少工作要

做。也得好好睡一晚上覺”。

[考點(diǎn)4]...and do everything Q12 tells them to. 惟Q12

的命令是從。

該句中to為動(dòng)詞不定式省略。例如：

Her parents hoped she would study chemistry, but she

didn't want to.

動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語或賓語補(bǔ)足語，如果是第二次出現(xiàn)，

為了避免重復(fù)使用．常常省略動(dòng)詞，保留to。例如：

-- Would you love to see the filnl with me tonight?

-- I'd like to, but I have to do my homework.

[考例4](2000上海)

-- You should have thanked her before you left.

-- I meant ____, but when I was leaving I couldn't

　 find her anywhere.

　　　 A. to do　　 　　　　B. to

　　　 C. doing　　　　　　　 D. doing it

[考查目標(biāo)] 動(dòng)詞不定式省略。

[答案與解析]B　 mean作為“打算”講，后接動(dòng)詞不定

式，排除C、D兩項(xiàng)；再依據(jù)以上解釋，排除A項(xiàng)。

　　 ☆句型詮釋☆

5. first of all，above all，first，at first

　 (1)first of all“首先，第一”，指按照時(shí)問順序處于第

　 一位的。(強(qiáng)調(diào)順序)

　 First of all, we must check the number．

　 首先，我們要核對一下數(shù)目。

　 First of all, let me say how glad I am to be here.

　 首先我要說，米到這里我是多么高興。，

　 (2) above all“首先，最重要的足”，相當(dāng)于most

　 important of all。(強(qiáng)調(diào)重要性)

　 We must work hard, and above all we must believe

　 that each of us is able to do something well.

　 我們必須努力工作，尤其重要的是我們必須相信，我

　 們每個(gè)人都能做好一些事情。

　 (3) first“首先”，是從動(dòng)作的先后角度來考慮的。

　 Beforewe go， I must first change my clothes.

　 在走之前我得先換衣服。

　 (4) at first“起初”，相當(dāng)于at the beginning，含有后來

　 不這樣了的意思。

　 At first I didn't like her, but now I do.

　 起初我不喜歡她，但現(xiàn)在我喜歡了。

4. in away, in the way, by the way, by way of

　 (1) in a way 意為“在某種程度上”，相當(dāng)于in one

　 way, in some way。

　 The reforms are an improvement in a way.

　 這些變革從某種意義上說是一種進(jìn)步。

　 (2) in the way 擋路

　 A big stone is in the way. Move it away, please.

　一塊大石頭擋在路上，請把它搬開。

　 (3) by the way 順便問一下，在途中

　 They stopped for a rest by the way.

　 他們途中停下來休息一下。

　 By the way, could you show me the way to the

　 station?

　 順便問一下，你能指給我去車站的路嗎?

　 (4) by way of 途經(jīng)，路經(jīng)(某處)；作為，當(dāng)作

　 He is travelling to Shenzhen by way of Beijng.

　 他經(jīng)北京去深圳。

　 Let's go to the restaurant for supper by way of a

　 change.

　 我們今天去飯店吃晚飯，換一下rJ味。

3. common, ordinary, usual, normal

　 (1) ① common“常見的，普遍的”(即“司空見慣的”意思) common names 常見的名字；common mistakes 常犯的錯(cuò)誤；common sense 常識；common event 普通(平凡)的事件；common use 普遍用法

　 ② common 還有“共同的”意思。common interest 共同的興趣；common language 共同語言；common market共同市場；common purpose 共同目標(biāo)

　 [短語]have much / a lot in common 有很多共同之處have nothing / little in common 沒有共同之處

　 (2) ordinary 普通的，平凡的(強(qiáng)調(diào)“平淡無奇”) an ordinary worker 一個(gè)普通工人；ordinary-looking 相貌平常的

　 (3) usual 通常的，慣常的(強(qiáng)調(diào)“遵循常例”) It is a usual thing with him. 這件事他習(xí)以為常。

　 [短語]as usual像往常一樣；it is usual for sb. to do sth.

　 (4) normal 正常的，正規(guī)的 (即“合乎標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”) normal temperature 正常體溫；normal state 正常狀態(tài)

　[短語]above / below normal 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以上(以下)，return to normal 恢復(fù)正常