Question

【題目】The “Bystander Apathy Effect” was first studied by researchers in New York after neighbors ignored — and in some cases turned up the volume on their TVs — the cries of a woman as she was murdered (over a half-hour period). With regard to helping those in difficulty generally, they found that:

(1) women are helped more than men;

(2) men help more than women;

(3) attractive women are helped more than unattractive women.

Other factors relate to the number of people in the area, whether the person is thought to be in trouble through their own fault, and whether a person sees himself as being able to help.

According to Adrian Furnham, Professor of University College, London, there are three reasons why we tend to stand by doing nothing:

(1) “Shifting of responsibility”— the more people there are, the less likely help is to be given. Each person excuses himself by thinking someone else will help, so that the more “other people’ there are, the greater the total shifting of responsibility.

(2) “Fear of making a mistake” — situations are often not clear. People think that those involved in an accident may know each other or it may be a joke, so a fear of embarrassment makes them keep themselves to themselves.

(3) “Fear of the consequences if attention is turned on you, and the person is violent.”

Laurie Taylor, Professor of Sociology at London University, says: “In the experiments I’ve seen on intervention (介入), much depends on the neighborhood or setting. There is a silence on public transport which is hard to break. We are embarrassed to draw attention to something that is happening, while in a football match, people get involved, and a fight would easily follow.”

Psychotherapist Alan Dupuy identifies the importance of the individual: “The British as a whole have some difficulty intervening, but there are exceptional individuals in every group who are prepared to intervene, regardless of their own safety: These would be people with a strong moral code or religious ideals.”

【1】Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

A.Pretty women are more likely to be helped.

B.People on a bus are more likely to stop a crime.

C.Religious people are more likely to look on.

D.Criminals are more likely to harm women.

【2】Which factor is NOT related with intervention according to the passage?

A.Sex.B.Nationality.C.Profession.D.Setting.

【3】Which phenomenon can be described as the “Bystander Apathy Effect”?

A.When one is in trouble, people think it’s his own fault.

B.In a football match, people get involved in a fight.

C.Seeing a murder, people feel sorry that it should have happened.

D.On hearing a cry for help, people keep themselves to themselves.

【4】The author wrote this article ______.

A.to explain why bystanders behave as they do

B.to urge people to stand out when in need

C.to criticize the selfishness of bystanders

D.to analyze the weakness of human nature

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】A

【2】C

【3】D

【4】A

【解析】

本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章分析了當(dāng)有事故發(fā)生時(shí)，人們往往選擇袖手旁觀的各種原因。

【1】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)(3) attractive women are helped more than unattractive women.可知，漂亮的女士更可能被幫助比起沒(méi)有吸引力的女士。由此可知，漂亮的女人更容易得到幫助。故選A。

【2】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容，可知intervention (介入)和性別有關(guān)；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的In the experiments I’ve seen on intervention (介入), much depends on the neighborhood or setting.(在我看到的介入實(shí)驗(yàn)中，很大程度上取決于社區(qū)或環(huán)境)可知，intervention (介入)和setting有關(guān)；根據(jù)最后一段的The British as a whole have some difficulty intervening, but there are exceptional individuals in every group who are prepared to intervene, regardless of their own safety: These would be people with a strong moral code or religious ideals.(作為一個(gè)整體，英國(guó)人很難進(jìn)行干預(yù)，但每個(gè)群體中都有一些特殊的人準(zhǔn)備進(jìn)行干預(yù)，不管他們自己的安全與否：這些人都有很強(qiáng)的道德準(zhǔn)則或宗教理想)可知，intervention (介入)和國(guó)籍有關(guān)。由此可知，文章沒(méi)有提及職業(yè)與介入有關(guān)系。故選C。

【3】推理判斷題。本文分析了當(dāng)有事故發(fā)生時(shí)，人們往往選擇袖手旁觀的各種原因，所以Bystander Apathy Effect意為“旁觀者效應(yīng)”。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，D項(xiàng)On hearing a cry for help, people keep themselves to themselves.(聽(tīng)到呼救聲，人們都保持沉默)是一種“旁觀者效應(yīng)”現(xiàn)象。故選D。

【4】推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，本文作者主要分析了當(dāng)有事故發(fā)生時(shí)，人們往往選擇袖手旁觀的各種原因。故選A。