Question

11．Automation refers to the introduction of electronic control and automatic operation of productive machinery．It reduces the human factors，mental and physical，in production，and is designed to make possible the manufacture of more goods with fewer workers．The development of automation in American industry has been called the"Second Industrial Revolution"．
Labour's concern over automation arises from uncertainty about the effects on employment，and fears of major changes in jobs．In the main，labour has taken the view that resistance to technical change is unfruitful．Eventually，the result of automation may well be an increase in employment，since it is expected that vast industries will grow up around manufacturing，maintaining，and repairing automation equipment．The interest of labour lies in bringing about the transition with a minimum of inconvenience and distress to the workers involved．Also，union spokesmen emphasize that the benefit of the increased production and lower costs made possible by automation should be shared by workers in the form of higher wages，more leisure，and improved living standards．
To protect the interests of their members in the era of automation，unions have adopted a number of new policies．One of these is the promotion of supplementary unemployment benefit plans．It is emphasized that since the employer involved in such a plan has a direct financial interest in preventing unemployment，he will have a strong drive for planning new installations so as to cause the least possible problems in jobs and job assignments．Some unions are working for dismissal pay agreements，requiring that permanently dismissed workers be paid a sum of money based on length of service．Another approach is the idea of the"improvement factor"，which calls for wage increases based on increases in productivity．It is possible，however，that labour will rely mainly on reduction in working hours in order to gain a full share in the fruits of automation．（in no more than 8 words）
78．Automation makes it possible tomanufacture more goods with fewer workers．
79．At first，two things people worried about automation wereeffect on employment and major changes in jobs
80．According to union spokesmen，the workers benefit from automation in terms ofwages，leisure hours and living standards
81．What is the last passage mainly talking about？Union's policy concerning the protection of union members．
（Note：Answer the questions or complete the statements in No More Than Ten Words．）

Answer 1

分析 本文主要講述由于自動化的發(fā)展，工會對于保護員工的利益制定了一些政策．

解答 78．manufacture more goods with fewer workers
79．effect on employment and major changes in jobs
80．wages，leisure hours and living standards
81．Union's policy concerning the protection of union members
78  細節(jié)題． 根據(jù)文章第一 段，and is designed to make possible the manufacture of more goods with fewer workers． 可知自動化可以讓更少的人生產(chǎn)更多的產(chǎn)品，故答案為manufacture more goods with fewer workers
79  細節(jié)題． 根據(jù)文章第二 段Labour's concern over automation arises from uncertainty about the effects on employment，and fears of major changes in jobs． 可知工人擔心自動化會影響就業(yè)和工作的變化，故答案為effect on employment and major changes in jobs
80  細節(jié)題． 根據(jù)文章第二 段Also，union spokesmen emphasize that the benefit of the increased production and lower costs made possible by automation should be shared by workers in the form of higher wages，more leisure，and improved living standards．可知自動化會讓工人在工資，休閑和改善生活標準方面收益，故答案為wages，leisure hours and living standards
81  細節(jié)題． 根據(jù)文章最后一 段To protect the interests of their members in the era of automation，unions have adopted a number of new policies． 可知由于自動化的發(fā)展，工會對于保護員工的利益制定了一些政策．故答案為Union's policy concerning the protection of union members

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