Question

【題目】 On my fourth day in a self-driving car, I finally felt comfortable enough to let it stop itself. Before then, I'd allowed the car-a Volvo S90 sedan-to control the direction, with my hands still on the wheel, and to adjust speed in traffic. By Day 4, I was ready to make a jump into the future.

With the car traveling on a busy road, I activated the driverless mode. Soon, a traffic light turned red. For a split second, I prepared to get on the brakes. There was no need. The cameras and computers in the Volvo recognized the traffic conditions and smoothly began applying the brake.

If you're anything like most people, you're familiar with this anxiety. Almost 80 percent of Americans fear traveling in a self-driving car, a recent survey found.

Researchers at the University of Chicago have conducted some clever experiments studying the phenomenon. They asked participants to complete tasks and compare their performance with a computer system's. After the computer made a mistake, people were unwilling to use it again. After the people made mistakes, their self-confidence wouldn't change. It didn't matter that the human beings made more mistakes than the computer. So it is with driving. More than 37,000 Americans died in crashes last year, most from human error. The death count from cars goes beyond that from guns. So if you are shocked and angry by guns and want things to change, you should feel the same about car crashes.

Technology creates an opportunity to save lives. Computers don't get drunk or distracted by text messages, and they don't have blind spots. Just look at commercial airlines: Automation has helped all but get rid of deadly crashes among American air carriers. The last one happened in 2009.

The technology for self-driving cars still isn't good enough. But it is improving rapidly. Within a few years, many cars will have advanced crash-avoidance systems and driving will be revolutionized sooner than many people now understand.

【1】How does the author introduce the topic?

A.By offering a piece of news.B.By giving background information.

C.By describing an experience.D.By introducing a latest car.

【2】What can be learnt about the participants of the experiments?

A.They tended to accept the computer's faults.

B.They seemed to care little about their own mistakes.

C.They felt less confident after making mistakes.

D.They performed better than computer systems.

【3】The author mentioned commercial airlines___________.

A.to prove the advantage of technologyB.to assess the security of driverless cars

C.to find fault with computersD.to advertise for the commercial airlines

【4】What does the author expect of the self-driving car?

A.I'll avoid deadly crashes entirely.B.It'll occupy the market in a short time.

C.It'll be bettered in every possible way.D.It'll be popularized sooner than expected.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】B

【3】A

【4】D

【解析】

這是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章中作者先是通過自己駕駛自動汽車的經(jīng)歷來說明了最近的一項調查發(fā)現(xiàn)，近80%的美國人害怕乘坐自動駕駛汽車。而芝加哥大學的研究人員進行了一些巧妙的實驗來研究這一現(xiàn)象，結果發(fā)現(xiàn)電腦出了錯誤后，人們就不愿再用它了。當人們犯了錯誤之后，他們的自信并不會改變。文章還說明了電腦技術的優(yōu)勢以及作者對自動駕駛汽車的期待。

【1】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章前三段主要描述了作者第四天駕駛自動駕駛汽車時的經(jīng)過，在路上，交通燈變紅了剎那間，作者準備踩剎車，這是沒有必要的，沃爾沃車上的攝像頭和電腦識別出了交通狀況，并開始平穩(wěn)地剎車。結合第三段中Almost 80 percent of Americans fear traveling in a self-driving car, a recent survey found.可知最近的一項調查發(fā)現(xiàn)，近80%的美國人害怕乘坐自動駕駛汽車。第四段中則開始論述文章的主題。由此可推知，作者通過描述一個自身經(jīng)歷來引入主題。故選C。

【2】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中They asked participants to complete tasks and compare their performance with a computer system's. After the computer made a mistake, people were unwilling to use it again. After the people made mistakes, their self-confidence wouldn't change. It didn't matter that the human beings made more mistakes than the computer.可知他們要求參與者完成任務，并將他們的表現(xiàn)與電腦系統(tǒng)進行比較。電腦出了錯誤后，人們就不愿再用它了。當人們犯了錯誤之后，他們的自信不會改變。人類犯的錯誤比計算機多并不重要。由此可推知，實驗參與者似乎對自己的錯誤毫不在意。故選B。

【3】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中Technology creates an opportunity to save lives. Computers don't get drunk or distracted by text messages, and they don't have blind spots.Just look at commercial airlines: Automation has helped all but get rid of deadly crashes among American air carriers.可知技術創(chuàng)造了拯救生命的機會。電腦不會喝醉或被短信分心，也沒有盲點�？纯瓷虡I(yè)航空公司:自動化幾乎幫助所有美國航空公司擺脫了致命的墜機事故.由此可推知，作者提到商業(yè)航空公司是為了證明技術的優(yōu)勢。故選A。

【4】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中The technology for self-driving cars still isn't good enough. But it is improving rapidly. Within a few years, many cars will have advanced crash-avoidance systems and driving will be revolutionized sooner than many people now understand.可知自動駕駛汽車的技術還不夠好。但它正在迅速改善。幾年之內，許多汽車將擁有先進的防撞系統(tǒng)，駕駛技術將比現(xiàn)在人們所了解的更快地發(fā)生革命性變化。由此可推知，作者對自動駕駛汽車的期望是它會比預期更早地普及。故選D。

推理判斷題要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基礎上，做出一定的判斷和推理，從而得出文章的隱含意義和深層意義。推理判斷題屬于主觀性較強的高層次閱讀理解題，做這類題目時，同學們應嚴格依據(jù)作者所陳述的細節(jié)、事實以及作者的措詞、態(tài)度和語氣等，找出能夠表露作者思想傾向和感情色彩的詞語，然后利用自己已獲得的相關知識進行推理判斷，從而得出符合邏輯的結論。以本文第二題為例，根據(jù)第四段中They asked participants to complete tasks and compare their performance with a computer system's. After the computer made a mistake, people were unwilling to use it again. After the people made mistakes, their self-confidence wouldn't change. It didn't matter that the human beings made more mistakes than the computer.可知他們要求參與者完成任務，并將他們的表現(xiàn)與電腦系統(tǒng)進行比較。電腦出了錯誤后，人們就不愿再用它了。當人們犯了錯誤之后，他們的自信不會改變。人類犯的錯誤比計算機多并不重要。由此可推知，實驗參與者似乎對自己的錯誤毫不在意。故選B。