【題目】 Ever wonder how this season’s celebrations affect the environment? Guest blogger Krista Fairles takes an amusing look at this very topic:

The holidays are a wonderful, cheerful time when most people wait for Santa to bring them presents. But I’m not like most people. I spend my time wondering just what the environmental impacts of Santa Claus and his reindeer are, and more importantly, how I can calculate those impacts.

Lately I’ve been particularly curious as to whether Santa’s old sled is a clean green flying machine, or if he should be replacing his 8 reindeer with an environmentally-friendly car.

I should mention that, surprisingly, I was unable to find statistics specific to Santa’s magical flying reindeer, so these calculations use numbers from various sources and may not represent actual pollution caused by Santa and his animals. In other words, don’t complain to the government about the damage Santa is causing to the environment based on this article.

Santa’s yearly trip around the globe is 44,000km long, twice the average of a North American driver. If we assume that the magic provides the altitude for this trip, then reindeer power only needs to push Santa’s sled forward. To complete the trip in 12 hours, I estimate they must travel at a speed of about 3100km/h. To travel at this speed, for this length of time, the reindeer need to eat an incredible 980 million calories each!

So the next question is: how much food is in 980 million calories? Well, if they’re eating corn, they’d need to eat 16,500 lbs each - or 1.6 acres of food. Growing 12.8 acres of corn has its own implications for the environment that we’ll leave for another calculation.

We now need to consider that during the global trip the reindeer are “l(fā)etting out” some of that corn in the form of methane (甲烷，沼氣). A resting cow produces 110 kg of methane per year, so flying reindeer would each let out about 4.8 tons. With methane causing 20 times the global warming damage of CO2, and the altitude increasing that damage by 1000% that another 20 times, we can put Santa’s round-trip emissions at 15,488 tons. This is much more than the 100 tons an environmentally-friendly car would release on the same trip!

Bad Santa.

【1】Which aspect does the writer NOT mention in her analyses about reindeer’s influence on environment?

A.Distance covered.B.Money spent on food.

C.Tons of waste let out.D.Calories consumed.

【2】According to the passage, how many acres of corn would Santa need to feed 12 reindeer?

A.12.8.B.16.C.19.2.D.128.

【3】Which of the following words best describes the tone of the passage?

A.Humorous and concerned.B.Cheerful and friendly.

C.Academic and formal.D.Serious and boring.

【4】Which of the following is the best title for this passage?

A.Santa, watch where you’re going!B.Let’s reduce waste on Christmas celebrations!

C.Santa Claus is coming to town!D.Is Santa driving clean and green?

【答案】

【1】B

【2】C

【3】A

【4】D

【解析】

這是一篇說明文。假期是一個(gè)美妙的，令人愉快的時(shí)候，大多數(shù)人等待圣誕老人給他們帶來禮物。但是Krista Fairles以一種有趣的方式看待這個(gè)話題，他通過一系列的數(shù)字列舉來分析了圣誕老人乘坐他的馴鹿派發(fā)圣誕禮物會(huì)對(duì)環(huán)境造成破壞。

【1】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中Santa’s yearly trip around the globe is 44,000km long, twice the average of a North American driver.（圣誕老人每年的環(huán)球旅行長(zhǎng)達(dá)4.4萬公里，是北美司機(jī)平均里程的兩倍）可知作者在分析馴鹿對(duì)環(huán)境的影響時(shí)，提到了距離覆蓋方面，故排除A選項(xiàng)；根據(jù)第五段中To travel at this speed, for this length of time, the reindeer need to eat an incredible 980 million calories each!（要以這樣的速度，在這么長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間里，每只馴鹿需要吃下令人難以置信的9.8億卡路里!）可知作者在分析馴鹿對(duì)環(huán)境的影響時(shí)，提到了卡路里消耗問題，故排除D選項(xiàng)；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中A resting cow produces 110 kg of methane per year, so flying reindeer would each let out about 4.8 tons.（一頭靜止的奶牛每年產(chǎn)生110公斤的甲烷，所以會(huì)飛的馴鹿每年釋放4.8噸甲烷）可知提到了成噸的廢物被排除，故排除C選項(xiàng)。只有B項(xiàng)“花在食物上的錢”在文中沒有提及。故選B。

【2】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中Well, if they’re eating corn, they’d need to eat 16,500 lbs each - or 1.6 acres of food.（如果他們吃玉米，每頭麋鹿需要吃16500磅，也就是1.6英畝的食物）可知圣誕老人需要1.6*12=19.2英畝的玉米來喂養(yǎng)12只馴鹿。故選C。

【3】推理判斷題。作者在第二至四段中用了幽默的語言指出了圣誕老人乘坐馴鹿派發(fā)圣誕禮物會(huì)對(duì)環(huán)境造成破壞，而根據(jù)第五段中To travel at this speed, for this length of time, the reindeer need to eat an incredible 980 million calories each! （要以這樣的速度，在這么長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間里，每只馴鹿需要吃下令人難以置信的9.8億卡路里!），以及第七段中A resting cow produces 110 kg of methane per year, so flying reindeer would each let out about 4.8 tons.（一頭靜止的奶牛每年產(chǎn)生110公斤的甲烷，所以會(huì)飛的馴鹿每年釋放4.8噸甲烷）列舉的數(shù)字可以看出作者對(duì)此感到擔(dān)憂。故選A。

【4】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段Lately I’ve been particularly curious as to whether Santa’s old sled is a clean green flying machine, or if he should be replacing his 8 reindeer with an environmentally-friendly car.（最近我特別好奇，圣誕老人的舊雪橇是干凈的綠色飛行機(jī)器，還是應(yīng)該把他的8只馴鹿換成一輛環(huán)保汽車）以及通讀全文可知，作者分析了圣誕老人乘坐他的馴鹿派發(fā)圣誕禮物會(huì)對(duì)環(huán)境造成破壞，由此可知D項(xiàng)“圣誕老人的代步工具是環(huán)保的嗎”作標(biāo)題最恰當(dāng)。故選D。

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