Question

【題目】Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.

The enduring power of print for learning in a digital world

Today's students see themselves as digital natives, the first generation to grow up surrounded by technology like smartphones, tablets and e-readers. We’ve seen students now equipped with school-issued iPads and access to e-textbooks. Given this trend, it might be assumed that students' familiarity and preference for technology translates into better learning outcomes. But more and more studies show that it’s not always the case. So, there are some lessons that can be conveyed to us about print’s place in an increasingly digital world.

We all read for many reasons. Sometimes we're looking for an answer to a very specific question. Other times, we want to browse a newspaper for today’s headlines. As we’re about to pick up an article or text in a printed or digital format, we should keep in mind why we're reading. There’s likely to be a difference in which medium works best for which purpose.

One of the most consistent findings of the studies is that, for some tasks, medium doesn't seem to matter. If all students are being asked to do is to understand and remember the big idea or gist of what they’re reading, there’s no benefit in selecting one medium over another. But when the reading assignment demands more engagement or deeper comprehension, students may be better off reading print. Teachers could make students aware that their ability to comprehend the assignment may be influenced by the medium they choose. This awareness could lessen the difference in students’ judgments of their performance compared with how they actually performed.

In another experiment, researchers were able to create meaningful records of college students based on the way they read and comprehended from printed and digital texts. Among those records, it was found that a select group of undergraduates who actually comprehended better when they moved from print to digital. But they actually read slower when the text was on the computer than when it was in a book. Using this select group as a model, students could possibly be taught or directed to fight the tendency to glide through online texts.

Answer 1

【答案】Students are given access to e-textbooks and people think that technology improves students’ learning. Unfortunately, it is not always true. So we should learn the following lessons. First, different reading purposes required different reading media. Second, teachers should help students realize that the reading medium may affect their understanding. Finally, students should be taught to read slower on the computer.

【解析】

這是一篇概要寫(xiě)作。

寫(xiě)作步驟

1）細(xì)讀原文。首先要仔細(xì)閱讀短文，掌握文章主旨。文章說(shuō)明了學(xué)生們可以使用電子教科書(shū)，人們認(rèn)為科技提高了學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)。不幸的是，這并不總是正確的。因此，我們應(yīng)該吸取以下教訓(xùn)。首先，不同的閱讀目的需要不同的閱讀媒體。第二，教師應(yīng)該幫助學(xué)生認(rèn)識(shí)到閱讀媒介可能會(huì)影響他們的理解。最后，應(yīng)該教學(xué)生在電腦上讀得慢一些。

2）弄清結(jié)構(gòu)，歸納段意。概要寫(xiě)作是寫(xiě)全文概要，不是寫(xiě)某一部分的概要，或者就某些問(wèn)題寫(xiě)出要點(diǎn)。因此一定要弄清文章結(jié)構(gòu)，歸納文章各段大意。

3）列出原文要點(diǎn)。分析原文的內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)，將內(nèi)容分項(xiàng)扼要表述并注意在結(jié)構(gòu)上的順序。在此基礎(chǔ)上選出與文章主題密切相關(guān)的部分。

4）在寫(xiě)作時(shí)要特別注意下面幾點(diǎn)：

（1）概要應(yīng)包括原文中的主要事實(shí)，略去不必要的細(xì)節(jié)。

（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要應(yīng)同原文保持協(xié)調(diào)，即用較多的文字寫(xiě)重要內(nèi)容，用較少的文字寫(xiě)次要內(nèi)容。

（3）注意要點(diǎn)之間的銜接，要用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)聯(lián)詞語(yǔ)貫通全文，切忌只簡(jiǎn)單地寫(xiě)出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每?jī)删渲�間都加關(guān)聯(lián)詞語(yǔ)，以免顯得生硬。

（4）不排斥用原文的某些詞句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的話(huà)語(yǔ)表達(dá)，至少對(duì)原文句子做一些同義詞替換，如果結(jié)構(gòu)上也能有一些轉(zhuǎn)換會(huì)更好。

（5）計(jì)算詞數(shù)，看是否符合規(guī)定的詞數(shù)要求。