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如圖所示,豎直放置的均勻細(xì)U型試管,左側(cè)管長(zhǎng)LOA=30cm,右管足夠長(zhǎng)且管口開口,初始時(shí)左管內(nèi)被水銀封閉的空氣柱長(zhǎng)20cm,氣體溫度為27°C,左右兩管水銀面等高.已知大氣壓強(qiáng)為p0=75cmHg.現(xiàn)對(duì)左側(cè)封閉氣體加熱,直至兩側(cè)水銀面形成10cm長(zhǎng)的高度差.則此時(shí)氣體的溫度為多少攝氏度?                                       

                                                                                                   

                                                                                                                                 

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關(guān)于熱現(xiàn)象和熱學(xué)規(guī)律,下列說(shuō)法中正確的是                                   (           )       

    A.  只要知道氣體的摩爾體積和阿伏伽德羅常數(shù),就可以算出氣體分子的體積

    B.  懸浮在液體中的固體微粒越小,布朗運(yùn)動(dòng)就越明顯

    C.  密封在體積不變的容器中的氣體,溫度升高,氣體分子對(duì)器壁單位面積上的平均作用力增大

    D.  用打氣筒的活塞壓縮氣體很費(fèi)力,說(shuō)明分子間有斥力

    E.  物體的溫度越高,分子熱運(yùn)動(dòng)越劇烈,分子的平均動(dòng)能就越大

                                                                                                                                 

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如圖甲所示,質(zhì)量m=2kg的物體在水平面上向右做直線運(yùn)動(dòng).過(guò)a點(diǎn)時(shí)給物體作用一個(gè)水平向左的恒力F并開始計(jì)時(shí),選水平向右為速度的正方向,通過(guò)速度傳感器測(cè)出物體的瞬時(shí)速度,所得v﹣t圖象如圖乙所示.取重力加速度為g=10m/s2.求:                                                                                                                                 

(1)物體在0﹣4s內(nèi)和4﹣10s內(nèi)的加速度的大小和方向                                           

(2)力F的大小和物體與水平面間的動(dòng)摩擦因數(shù)μ                                                   

(3)10s末物體離a點(diǎn)的距離                                                                                    

(4)10s后撤去拉力F,求物體再過(guò)15s離a點(diǎn)的距離                                               

                        

                                                                                                                                 

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如圖所示,水平地面上有A、B兩點(diǎn),且兩點(diǎn)間距離LAB=15m,質(zhì)量m=2kg的物體(可視為質(zhì)點(diǎn))靜止在A點(diǎn),為使物體運(yùn)動(dòng)到B點(diǎn),現(xiàn)給物體施加一水平F=10N的拉力,求拉力F作用的最短時(shí)間.(已知地面與物塊的滑動(dòng)摩擦因數(shù)μ=0.2,g取10m/s2.                                                                                                                

                                                             

                                                                                                                                 

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在探究物體的加速度a與物體所受外力F、物體質(zhì)量M間的關(guān)系時(shí),采用如圖所示的實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置,小車及車中的砝碼質(zhì)量用M表示,盤及盤中的砝碼質(zhì)量用m表示.                                                                     

                                                     

(1)當(dāng)M與m的大小關(guān)系滿足                                                           時(shí),才可以認(rèn)為繩子對(duì)小車的拉力大小等于盤和砝碼的重力.                                                                                                        

(2)某一組同學(xué)先保持盤及盤中的砝碼質(zhì)量m一定來(lái)做實(shí)驗(yàn),其具體操作步驟如下,以下做法正確的是        .          

A.平衡摩擦力時(shí),應(yīng)將盤及盤中的砝碼用細(xì)繩通過(guò)定滑輪系在小車上                         

B.每次改變小車的質(zhì)量時(shí),不需要重新平衡摩擦力                                                  

C.實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí),先放開小車,再接通打點(diǎn)計(jì)時(shí)器的電源                                                  

D.用天平測(cè)出m以及小車質(zhì)量M,小車運(yùn)動(dòng)的加速度可直接用公式求出                  

(3)另兩組同學(xué)保持小車及車中的砝碼質(zhì)量M一定,探                  究加速度a與所受外力F的關(guān)系,由于他們操作不當(dāng),這兩組同學(xué)得到的a﹣F關(guān)系圖象分別如圖1和圖2所示,其原因分別是:                

圖1:                                                                                                                     

圖2:                                                                                                                     

                                                                                                                                 

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(1)圖1游標(biāo)卡尺讀數(shù)為                                                                               mm.    

(2)某興趣小組的同學(xué)利用如圖2所示的實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置,測(cè)量木塊與長(zhǎng)木板之間的動(dòng)摩擦因數(shù),圖中長(zhǎng)木板水平固定.                                                                                                                                    

①實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程中,打點(diǎn)計(jì)時(shí)器應(yīng)接在交流電源上,調(diào)整定滑輪的高度,使繩子拉力方向跟平板平行.                        

②已知重力加速度為g,測(cè)得木塊的質(zhì)量為M,                                                         

砝碼盤和砝碼的總質(zhì)量為m,砝碼盤、砝碼和木塊                                                    

的加速度大小為a,則木塊與長(zhǎng)木板之間的動(dòng)摩擦                                                      

因數(shù)μ=                                                                                                           .       

③實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí),某同學(xué)得到一條紙帶,如圖3所示,每隔三個(gè)計(jì)時(shí)點(diǎn)取一個(gè)計(jì)數(shù)點(diǎn),記為圖中0、1、2、3、4、5、6點(diǎn).測(cè)得相鄰兩個(gè)計(jì)數(shù)點(diǎn)間的距離分別為s1=0.96cm,s2=2.88cm,s3=4.80cm,s4=6.72cm,s5=8.64cm,s6=10.56cm,打點(diǎn)計(jì)時(shí)器的電源頻率為50Hz.計(jì)算此紙帶的加速度大小a=                                                   m/s2,打計(jì)數(shù)點(diǎn)“4”時(shí)紙帶的速度大小v=                                         m/s.(保留兩位有效數(shù)字)

                          

                                                                                                                                 

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如圖所示,某人從高出水平地面h的坡上水平擊出一個(gè)質(zhì)量為m的高爾夫球,由于恒定的水平風(fēng)力的作用,高爾夫球豎直地落入距擊球點(diǎn)水平距離為L(zhǎng)的A穴,則(                                      )                     

                                                                                

    A.  該球從被擊出到落入A穴所用時(shí)間為

    B.  該球從被擊出到落入A穴所用時(shí)間為

    C.  球被擊出時(shí)的初速度大小為L(zhǎng)

    D.  球被擊出時(shí)的初速度大小為L(zhǎng)

                                                                                                                                 

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在學(xué)習(xí)運(yùn)動(dòng)的合成與分解時(shí)我們做過(guò)如圖所示的實(shí)驗(yàn).在長(zhǎng)約80cm~100cm一端封閉的玻璃管中注滿清水,水中放一個(gè)用紅蠟做成的小圓柱體(小圓柱體恰能在管中勻速上。瑢⒉AЧ艿拈_口端用膠塞塞緊,然后將玻璃管豎直倒置,在紅蠟塊勻速上浮的同時(shí)使玻璃管緊貼黑板面在水平方向上勻加速移動(dòng),你正對(duì)黑板面將看到紅蠟塊相對(duì)于黑板面的移動(dòng)軌跡可能是下列選項(xiàng)中的(                                                                             )                     

                                                                                                             

   A.                  B.                         C.      D.

                                                                                                                                 

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一枚火箭由地面豎直向上發(fā)射,其速度和時(shí)間的關(guān)系圖線如圖所示,則(       )          

                                                                       

    A.  t3時(shí)刻火箭距地面最遠(yuǎn)

    B.  t2﹣t3的時(shí)間內(nèi),火箭在向下降落

    C.  t1﹣t2的時(shí)間內(nèi),火箭處于失重狀態(tài)

    D.  0﹣t3的時(shí)間內(nèi),火箭始終處于失重狀態(tài)

                                                                                                                                 

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某同學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)驗(yàn)證平行四邊形定則的實(shí)驗(yàn),裝置如圖所示.系著小物體m1、m2的細(xì)線繞過(guò)光滑小滑輪與系著小物體m3的細(xì)線連接在O點(diǎn),當(dāng)系統(tǒng)達(dá)到平衡時(shí)繞過(guò)滑輪的兩細(xì)線與豎直方向夾角分別為37°和53°,則三個(gè)小物體的質(zhì)量之比m1:m2:m3為(sin37°=0.6,sin53°=0.8)(                                      )                     

                                                                                    

    A.              3:4:5              B. 4:3:5        C.       4:5:3  D. 3:5:4

                                                                                                                                 

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