在探究物體的加速度a與物體所受外力F、物體質(zhì)量M間的關(guān)系時(shí),采用如圖所示的實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置,小車及車中的砝碼質(zhì)量用M表示,盤及盤中的砝碼質(zhì)量用m表示.                                                                     

                                                     

(1)當(dāng)M與m的大小關(guān)系滿足                                                           時(shí),才可以認(rèn)為繩子對(duì)小車的拉力大小等于盤和砝碼的重力.                                                                                                        

(2)某一組同學(xué)先保持盤及盤中的砝碼質(zhì)量m一定來做實(shí)驗(yàn),其具體操作步驟如下,以下做法正確的是        .          

A.平衡摩擦力時(shí),應(yīng)將盤及盤中的砝碼用細(xì)繩通過定滑輪系在小車上                         

B.每次改變小車的質(zhì)量時(shí),不需要重新平衡摩擦力                                                  

C.實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí),先放開小車,再接通打點(diǎn)計(jì)時(shí)器的電源                                                  

D.用天平測(cè)出m以及小車質(zhì)量M,小車運(yùn)動(dòng)的加速度可直接用公式求出                  

(3)另兩組同學(xué)保持小車及車中的砝碼質(zhì)量M一定,探                  究加速度a與所受外力F的關(guān)系,由于他們操作不當(dāng),這兩組同學(xué)得到的a﹣F關(guān)系圖象分別如圖1和圖2所示,其原因分別是:                

圖1:                                                                                                                     

圖2:                                                                                                                     

                                                                                                                                 


(1)m<<M;(2)B;(3)小車質(zhì)量沒有遠(yuǎn)大于盤及盤中砝碼的質(zhì)量;沒有平衡摩擦力或平衡摩擦力不足.


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