考點(diǎn):利用導(dǎo)數(shù)研究函數(shù)的單調(diào)性,利用導(dǎo)數(shù)求閉區(qū)間上函數(shù)的最值
專題:導(dǎo)數(shù)的綜合應(yīng)用
分析:(1)由fn(x)=(x+n)•ex,得f′n(x)=(x+n+1)•ex.得當(dāng)x=-(n+1)時(shí),fn(x)取得極小值fn(-(n+1))=-e-(n+1).
(2)引進(jìn)新函數(shù)h(x),確定單調(diào)區(qū)間,從而求出當(dāng)n=3時(shí),a-b取得最小值e-4,即a-b≥e-4.
(3)由條件可得φ(x)=x2+a|lnx-1|,分情況討論①當(dāng)x≥e時(shí)②當(dāng)1≤x<e時(shí),從而求出函數(shù)y=φ(x)的最小值,得出a的取值范圍.
解答:
解:(1)f
n(x)=(x+n)•e
x(n∈N
*).
∵f
n(x)=(x+n)•e
x,
∴f′
n(x)=(x+n+1)•e
x.
∵x>-(n+1)時(shí),f′
n(x)>0;x<-(n+1)時(shí),f′
n(x)<0,
∴當(dāng)x=-(n+1)時(shí),f
n(x)取得極小值f
n(-(n+1))=-e
-(n+1).
(2)由題意 b=f
n(-(n+1))=-e
-(n+1),
又a=g
n(-n+1)=(n-3)
2,
∴a-b=(n-3)
2+e
-(n+1).
令h(x)=(x-3)
2+e
-(x+1)(x≥0),
則h′(x)=2(x-3)-e
-(x+1),
又h′(x)在區(qū)間[0,+∞)上單調(diào)遞增,
∴h′(x)≥h′(0)=-6-e
-1.
又h′(3)=-e
-4<0,h′(4)=2-e
-5>0,
∴存在x
0∈(3,4)使得h′(x
0)=0.
∴當(dāng)0≤x<x
0時(shí),h′(x)<0;當(dāng)x>x
0時(shí),h′(x)>0.
即h(x)在區(qū)間[x
0,+∞)上單調(diào)遞增,在區(qū)間[0,x
0)上單調(diào)遞減,
∴h(x)
min=h(x
0).
又h(3)=e
-4,h(4)=1+e
-5,
∴h(4)>h(3),
∴當(dāng)n=3時(shí),a-b取得最小值e
-4,即a-b≥e
-4.
(3).由條件可得φ(x)=x
2+a|lnx-1|,
①當(dāng)x≥e時(shí),φ(x)=x
2+alnx-a,φ′(x)=2x+
,
∴φ(x)>0恒成立,
∴φ(x)在[e,+∞)上增函數(shù),故當(dāng)x=e時(shí),y
min=φ(e)=e
2 ②當(dāng)1≤x<e時(shí),φ(x)=x
2-alnx+a,
∴φ′(x)=2x-
=
(x+
)(x-
),
(i)當(dāng)
≤1即0<a≤2時(shí),φ′(x)在x∈(1,e)為正數(shù),
∴φ(x)在區(qū)間(1,e)上為增函數(shù),
故當(dāng)x=1時(shí),y
min=1+a,且此時(shí)φ(1)<φ(e)=e
2;
(ii)當(dāng)1<
<e,即2<a<2e
2時(shí),φ′(x)在x∈(1,
)時(shí)為負(fù)數(shù),在x∈(
,e)時(shí)為正數(shù),
∴φ(x)在區(qū)間[1,
)上為減函數(shù),在(
,e]上為增函數(shù),
故當(dāng)x=
時(shí),y
min=
-
ln
,且此時(shí)φ(x)=e
2;
(iii)當(dāng)
≥e,即:a≥2e
2時(shí),φ′(x)在x∈(1,e)時(shí)為負(fù)數(shù),
∴φ(x)在區(qū)間[1,e]上為減函數(shù),
故當(dāng)x=e時(shí),ymin=φ(e)=e
2;
綜上所述,函數(shù)y=φ(x)的最小值為:
ymin=
| 1+a , 0<a≤2 | -ln, 2<a≤2a2 | e2 a>2e2 |
| |
,
所以當(dāng)
1+a≥a時(shí),得0<a≤2;
當(dāng)
a-ln≥a(2<a<2e
2)時(shí),無解;
當(dāng)
e2≥a(a≥2e
2)時(shí),得
a≤e不成立.
綜上,所求a的取值范圍是0<a≤2.
點(diǎn)評(píng):本題考察了函數(shù)的單調(diào)性,求函數(shù)的最值問題,導(dǎo)數(shù)的應(yīng)用,滲透了分類討論思想,是一道綜合性較強(qiáng)的問題.