三明鋼鐵廠的化驗員小曹為了檢測生鐵產(chǎn)品中鐵的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù),取研磨成粉末的2.9g生鐵樣品放入燒杯中,向其中滴加溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為7.3%的稀鹽酸直到恰好不再產(chǎn)生氣泡,共用去這種稀鹽酸50g(反應(yīng)的化學(xué)方程式為Fe+2HCl=FeCl2+H2↑,生鐵中雜質(zhì)不參與反應(yīng)).求:
(1)溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為7.3%的50g稀鹽酸中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量為______g.
(2)生鐵樣品中鐵的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)(精確到0.1%).
【答案】
分析:(1)利用溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量=溶液質(zhì)量×溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù),可根據(jù)溶液的質(zhì)量和溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)計算稀鹽酸中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量.
(2)由稀鹽酸中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量,根據(jù)反應(yīng)的化學(xué)方程式計算出生鐵樣品中鐵的質(zhì)量,進而計算出生鐵樣品中鐵的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù).
解答:解:(1)溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為7.3%的50g稀鹽酸中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量為50g×7.3%=3.65g.
(2)設(shè)生鐵樣品中鐵的質(zhì)量為x.
Fe+2HCl=FeCl
2 +H
2↑
56 73
x 3.65g
x=2.8g
∴生鐵樣品中鐵的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)=
100%≈96.6%.
答:(1)3.65.
(2)生鐵樣品中鐵的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為96.6%.
點評:本題難度不大,掌握溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)的有關(guān)計算、利用化學(xué)方程式的計算是可正確解答本題的關(guān)鍵,解題時要注意解題的規(guī)范性.