The Florida sun baked my shoulders as I worked along the I-595 freeway near Fort Lauderdale, picking up rubbish. I paused to  36  the sweat off  my forehead and look up at the cloudless blue sky.“  37  can’t it rain?” I thought. That would   38  things down.

       I thought about my  39  , who were probably sitting in an air-conditioned  40  right now. I’d had some problems in school,   41  my parents decided to let me  42  full-time with my dad, We both worked for my uncle, who had taken  43  of a maintenance（道路養(yǎng)護）company. It was up to us to keep the roads  44  of rubbish. The job was  45  and dirty, especially on hot days  46  this. I wondered why I ever agreed to do it.

       We continued our  47  route along the I-595,   48  for the overpass bridge. Then I noticed an area where some  49  were broken on the ground. It wasn’t like that before.

       “Dad! Pull over! I want to  50  something out.”

       I jumped off the truck and rushed to the bridge. Something was telling me to  51  …there wasn’t much time.  52  I saw a Toyota that   53  upside down in the tree. Maybe it was a stolen car that somebody  54  there, I thought. Then, just at that   55  , I noticed something moving. It was a bloody leg poking out of the driver’s side window!

       “Heeeelp!”a lady moaned.

36． A．wipe                     B．cut                         C．put                         D．send

37． A．When                   B．How                       C．Why                       D．Where

38． A．turn                      B．keep                       C．make                      D．cool

39． A．parents                 B．school-times            C．friends                    D．school yards

40． A．office                   B．classroom               C．restaurant                D．living room

41． A．but                       B．or                          C．for                         D．so

42． A．work                    B．study                      C．stay                        D．spend

43． A．business                B．possession               C．position                  D．place

44． A．a(chǎn)way                    B．from                      C．far                         D．clear

45． A．easy                            B．lonely                     C．smelly                    D．noisy

46． A．for                       B．like                        C．a(chǎn)fter                       D．a(chǎn)s

47． A．regular                 B．common                 C．unusual                   D．normal

48． A．reaching               B．going                            C．looking                   D．heading

49． A．cars                      B．bottles                    C．branches                 D．glasses

50． A．check                   B．help                       C．take                        D．bring

51． A．decide                  B．hurry                      C．consider                  D．stop

52． A．Above                  B．Behind                   C．Ahead                    D．Below

53． A．hung                    B．trapped                   C．caught                    D．fell

54． A．stored                   B．deserted                  C．lost                        D．hid

55． A．bridge                  B．tree                        C．moment                  D．way

       The Florida sun baked my shoulders as I worked along the I-595 freeway near Fort Lauderdale, picking up rubbish. I paused to  36  the sweat off  my forehead and look up at the cloudless blue sky.“  37  can’t it rain?” I thought. That would   38  things down.

       I thought about my  39  , who were probably sitting in an air-conditioned  40  right now. I’d had some problems in school,   41  my parents decided to let me  42  full-time with my dad, We both worked for my uncle, who had taken  43  of a maintenance（道路養(yǎng)護）company. It was up to us to keep the roads  44  of rubbish. The job was  45  and dirty, especially on hot days  46  this. I wondered why I ever agreed to do it.

       We continued our  47  route along the I-595,   48  for the overpass bridge. Then I noticed an area where some  49  were broken on the ground. It wasn’t like that before.

       “Dad! Pull over! I want to  50  something out.”

       I jumped off the truck and rushed to the bridge. Something was telling me to  51  …there wasn’t much time.  52  I saw a Toyota that   53  upside down in the tree. Maybe it was a stolen car that somebody  54  there, I thought. Then, just at that   55  , I noticed something moving. It was a bloody leg poking out of the driver’s side window!

       “Heeeelp!”a lady moaned.

36． A．wipe                     B．cut                         C．put                         D．send

37． A．When                   B．How                       C．Why                       D．Where

38． A．turn                      B．keep                       C．make                      D．cool

39． A．parents                 B．school-times            C．friends                    D．school yards

40． A．office                   B．classroom               C．restaurant                D．living room

41． A．but                       B．or                          C．for                         D．so

42． A．work                    B．study                      C．stay                        D．spend

43． A．business                B．possession               C．position                  D．place

44． A．a(chǎn)way                    B．from                      C．far                         D．clear

45． A．easy                            B．lonely                     C．smelly                    D．noisy

46． A．for                       B．like                        C．a(chǎn)fter                       D．a(chǎn)s

47． A．regular                 B．common                 C．unusual                   D．normal

48． A．reaching               B．going                            C．looking                   D．heading

49． A．cars                      B．bottles                    C．branches                 D．glasses

50． A．check                   B．help                       C．take                        D．bring

51． A．decide                  B．hurry                      C．consider                  D．stop

52． A．Above                  B．Behind                   C．Ahead                    D．Below

53． A．hung                    B．trapped                   C．caught                    D．fell

54． A．stored                   B．deserted                  C．lost                        D．hid

55． A．bridge                  B．tree                        C．moment                  D．way

The basics of infrastructure design

It is rightly pointed out various intellectuals that the lifestyle of today is vastly different from that of the earlier times especially in terms of its pace. Lifestyle of today is remarkably fast paced and so in order to catch up with such a pace of life, the adoption of smart and time saving methods is of real significance. Well, the highways have certainly contributed in this direction and have made our lives a lot easier. Thanks to the modern flyovers and expressways, a single route can be accessed by twice the number of vehicles at the same time.

These facilities and supplies have made our lives double free but it needs to be realized that designing and constructing it is a very complex and a long process. You have to hold fast to the various rules of designing, government standards and most importantly, their safety and usability for the people. In the end it is a joint effort of a number of skilled engineers, scientists and statisticians. The material that is used in the construction is finalized after it undergoes certain tests for evaluating their qualities like hardness, roughness, thickness and all that is required. 

Some of the points you have to take care of while laying an infrastructure design are as follows:

The basic layout (布局) of the road — At this level of planning, various civil engineers have meetings to figure out the basic requirements of the road like thickness of the asphalt (瀝青), the size of lanes, distance to be covered, degree of curves and much more. These fundamental points help them decide the further line of action.

The prior steps — Before any work is stated over the basic plan layout, there are various preparations to be made like placing road signs, the removal of trees that may prove to be dangerous in the event of a storm or other natural causes, the positioning of fire hydrants (消防栓) based on special designs to be useful when required, etc.

Inclusion of safety barriers — The safety barriers are placed on almost all roads and highways that are made over or near to rivers and cliffs. These barriers keep the vehicles from moving into the traffic in instances of accidents. These should also be designed in advance of placing them on a road and the design should be such that it makes minimum impact upon the people sitting in the car. These include supplies like side rails and light poles.

Asphalt pavement marking — It is the process of using a reflective material to indicate various important points on the road like lanes, turns, passing areas, two way and one way roads.

Though the smooth and wide highways constructed in big cities seem to be very attractive for the drivers, the ease of use is also the cause of accidents. Cars rushing at extremely high speeds and insecure change of lanes are a common sight on the highways. With the help of novel infrastructure design engineers, we can make the best possible use of highways. If these are designed properly and sign boards are placed at the required points, a number of road accidents can be avoided.

 

The basics of infrastructure design
Reason for construction of infrastructure	Infrastructure must1._________ the demands of today’s fast-paced lifestyle.
Challenges of design and 2._________	Various rules, standards, safety and usability should be taken into careful consideration.
Skilled engineers, scientists and statisticians have to work hard 3._________.
Materials must be4._________ to ensure their qualities.
Points to follow	Various engineers meet to make sure about fundamental 5._________ of the road.
Things like 6.__________ trees that are potentially dangerous must be done before construction.
Safety barriers should be carefully7._________ before being placed to prevent accidents.
Material that can 8._________ light should be used to marks on the pavement.
Possible problems and solutions	Smooth and wide highways may 9._________accidents.
Highways should be designed properly and sign boards 10._________ at the required points.

 

 

The Florida sun baked my shoulders as I worked along the I-595 freeway near Fort Lauderdale, picking up rubbish. I paused to  36  the sweat off  my forehead and look up at the cloudless blue sky.“  37  can’t it rain?” I thought. That would  38  things down.

I thought about my  39  , who were probably sitting in an air-conditioned  40  right now. I’d had some problems in school,   41 my parents decided to let me  42  full-time with my dad, We both worked for my uncle, who had taken  43  of a maintenance（道路養(yǎng)護）company. It was up to us to keep the roads  44  of rubbish. The job was 45  and dirty, especially on hot days  46  this. I wondered why I ever agreed to do it.

We continued our  47  route along the I-595,  48  for the overpass bridge. Then I noticed an area where some  49  were broken on the ground. It wasn’t like that before.

“Dad! Pull over! I want to  50  something out.”

I jumped off the truck and rushed to the bridge. Something was telling me to  51  …there wasn’t much time.  52  I saw a Toyota that  53  upside down in the tree. Maybe it was a stolen car that somebody  54  there, I thought. Then, just at that  55  , I noticed something moving. It was a bloody leg poking out of the driver’s side window!

“Help!” a lady moaned.

1.                A．wipe           B．cut            C．put  D．send

 

2.                A．When          B．How           C．Why D．Where

 

3.                A．turn           B．keep           C．make D．cool

 

4.                A．parents         B．school-times     C．friends   D．school yards

 

5.                A．office          B．classroom       C．restaurant D．living room

 

6.                A．but            B．or             C．for  D．so

 

7.                A．work           B．study           C．stay  D．spend

 

8.                A．business        B．possession      C．position  D．place

 

9.                A．a(chǎn)way           B．from           C．far  D．clear

 

10.               A．easy           B．lonely          C．smelly D．noisy

 

11.               A．for            B．like            C．a(chǎn)fter  D．a(chǎn)s

 

12.               A．regular         B．common        C．unusual   D．normal

 

13.               A．reaching        B．going          C．looking    D．heading

 

14.               A．cars           B．bottles         C．branches  D．glasses

 

15.               A．check          B．help           C．take  D．bring

 

16.               A．decide         B．hurry          C．consider   D．stop

 

17.               A．Above         B．Behind         C．Ahead D．Below

 

18.               A．hung          B．trapped        C．caught    D．fell

 

19.               A．stored         B．deserted       C．lost   D．hid

 

20.               A．bridge         B．tree           C．moment   D．way

 

 

The Florida sun baked my shoulders as I walked along the I-595 freeway near Fort Lauderdale, picking up rubbish. I paused to   1   the sweat off my forehead and look up at the cloudless blue sky. "  2  can't it rain?" I thought. That would   3   things down.

I thought about my   4  , who were probably sitting in an air-conditioned   5  right now. I'd had some problems in school,   6   my parents decided to let me   7   full-time with my dad. We both worked for my uncle, who had taken   8   of a maintenance（道路養(yǎng)護）company. It was up to us to keep the roads   9   of rubbish. The job was   140   and dirty, especially on hot days   11   this. I wondered why I ever agreed to do it.

We continued our   12   route along the I-595,   13   for the overpass bridge. Then I noticed an area where some   14   were broken on the ground. It wasn't like that before.

"Dad! Pull over! I want to   15   something out."

I jumped off the truck and rushed to the bridge. Something was telling me to   16  ...there wasn't much time.   17   .I saw a Toyota that   18   upside down in the tree. Maybe it was a stolen car that somebody   19   there, I thought. Then, just at that   20  , I noticed something moving. It was a bloody leg poking （伸出）out of the driver's side window!

"Help!" a lady moaned.

1．A．wipe                        B．cut                      C．put                     D．send

2．A．When                       B．How                   C．Why                   D．Where

3．A．turn                         B．keep                    C．make                  D．cool

4．A．parents                     B．school-times        C．friends                D．school yards

5．A．office                       B．classroom            C．restaurant            D．living room

6．A．but                           B．or                       C．for                      D．so

7．A．work                        B．study                  C．stay                    D．spend

8．A．business                   B．possession           C．position               D．place

9．A．a(chǎn)way                        B．from                   C．far                      D．clear

10．A．easy                       B．lonely                  C．smelly                 D．noisy

11．A．for                         B．like                     C．a(chǎn)fter                   D．a(chǎn)s

12．A．regular                    B．common              C．unusual               D．normal

13．A．reaching                 B．going                  C．looking                D．heading

14．A．cars                       B．bottles                 C．branches             D．glasses

15．A．check                     B．help                    C．take                    D．bring

16．A．decide                    B．hurry                  C．consider              D．stop

17．A．Above                    B．Behind                 C．Ahead                 D．Below

18．A．hung                      B．trapped                C．caught                D．torn

19．A．stored                     B．deserted              C．lost                     D．hid

20．A．bridge                     B．tree                     C．moment              D．way