Question

The basics of infrastructure design

It is rightly pointed out various intellectuals that the lifestyle of today is vastly different from that of the earlier times especially in terms of its pace. Lifestyle of today is remarkably fast paced and so in order to catch up with such a pace of life, the adoption of smart and time saving methods is of real significance. Well, the highways have certainly contributed in this direction and have made our lives a lot easier. Thanks to the modern flyovers and expressways, a single route can be accessed by twice the number of vehicles at the same time.

These facilities and supplies have made our lives double free but it needs to be realized that designing and constructing it is a very complex and a long process. You have to hold fast to the various rules of designing, government standards and most importantly, their safety and usability for the people. In the end it is a joint effort of a number of skilled engineers, scientists and statisticians. The material that is used in the construction is finalized after it undergoes certain tests for evaluating their qualities like hardness, roughness, thickness and all that is required. 

Some of the points you have to take care of while laying an infrastructure design are as follows:

The basic layout (布局) of the road — At this level of planning, various civil engineers have meetings to figure out the basic requirements of the road like thickness of the asphalt (瀝青), the size of lanes, distance to be covered, degree of curves and much more. These fundamental points help them decide the further line of action.

The prior steps — Before any work is stated over the basic plan layout, there are various preparations to be made like placing road signs, the removal of trees that may prove to be dangerous in the event of a storm or other natural causes, the positioning of fire hydrants (消防栓) based on special designs to be useful when required, etc.

Inclusion of safety barriers — The safety barriers are placed on almost all roads and highways that are made over or near to rivers and cliffs. These barriers keep the vehicles from moving into the traffic in instances of accidents. These should also be designed in advance of placing them on a road and the design should be such that it makes minimum impact upon the people sitting in the car. These include supplies like side rails and light poles.

Asphalt pavement marking — It is the process of using a reflective material to indicate various important points on the road like lanes, turns, passing areas, two way and one way roads.

Though the smooth and wide highways constructed in big cities seem to be very attractive for the drivers, the ease of use is also the cause of accidents. Cars rushing at extremely high speeds and insecure change of lanes are a common sight on the highways. With the help of novel infrastructure design engineers, we can make the best possible use of highways. If these are designed properly and sign boards are placed at the required points, a number of road accidents can be avoided.

 

The basics of infrastructure design
Reason for construction of infrastructure	Infrastructure must1._________ the demands of today’s fast-paced lifestyle.
Challenges of design and 2._________	Various rules, standards, safety and usability should be taken into careful consideration.
Skilled engineers, scientists and statisticians have to work hard 3._________.
Materials must be4._________ to ensure their qualities.
Points to follow	Various engineers meet to make sure about fundamental 5._________ of the road.
Things like 6.__________ trees that are potentially dangerous must be done before construction.
Safety barriers should be carefully7._________ before being placed to prevent accidents.
Material that can 8._________ light should be used to marks on the pavement.
Possible problems and solutions	Smooth and wide highways may 9._________accidents.
Highways should be designed properly and sign boards 10._________ at the required points.

 

 

Answer 1

【答案】

 

1.meet / satisfy

2.construction

3.together

4.tested

5.requirements

6.removing

7.designed

8.reflect

9.cause

10.placed

【解析】

試題分析：本文敘述了關(guān)于基礎設施的計劃，首先敘述了由于社會節(jié)奏的加快，促進了基礎設施的建設的發(fā)展步伐；第二敘述了對于設計和建設的面臨的挑戰(zhàn)；三是給出了一些關(guān)于建設的一些建議；四是可能存在的一些潛在的問題及解決的方法。

1.根據(jù)Lifestyle of today is remarkably fast paced and so in order to catch up with such a pace of life 為了滿足現(xiàn)在的生活步伐，meet / satisfy the demands of sth滿足需要。

2.根據(jù)These facilities and supplies have made our lives double free but it needs to be realized that designing and constructing it is a very complex and a long process.設計和建筑的挑戰(zhàn)，construction建筑。

3.根據(jù)In the end it is a joint effort of a number of skilled engineers, scientists and statisticians. 最后需要許多有技術(shù)的工程師科學家和統(tǒng)計人員一起工作，故用together一起。

4.根據(jù)The material that is used in the construction is finalized after it undergoes certain tests for evaluating their qualities like hardness, roughness, thickness and all that is required. 各種建筑材料必須經(jīng)得住測試合格，故用tested測試。

5.根據(jù)various civil engineers have meetings to figure out the basic requirements of the road like thickness of the asphalt (瀝青), the size of lanes, distance to be covered, degree of curves and much more.土木工程師召開會議來確保符合公路的要求，故用 requirements要求。

6.根據(jù)the removal of trees that may prove to be dangerous in the event of a storm or other natural causes, 在建筑前砍掉一些有危險妨害的一些樹，故用removing消除，除去。

7.根據(jù)The safety barriers are placed on almost all roads and highways that are made over or near to rivers and cliffs. These should also be designed in advance of placing them on a road 在施工前設計放一些安全障礙以防事故的發(fā)生，故用designed設計。

8.根據(jù)It is the process of using a reflective material to indicate various important points on the road like lanes, turns, passing areas, two way and one way roads.利用一些能反射光的材料在人行道上，故用reflect反射。

9.根據(jù)Though the smooth and wide highways constructed in big cities seem to be very attractive for the drivers, the ease of use is also the cause of accidents.光滑和寬闊的路面也有可能引起交通事故，故用cause 引起。

10.根據(jù)If these are designed properly and sign boards are placed at the required points, a number of road accidents can be avoided.高速公路應該被設計在合適的地方，并且在需要的地方放一些路標，故用placed放。

考點：社會類短文閱讀。