Photos that you might have found down the back of your sofa are now big business!

    In 2005, the American artist Richard Prince’s photograph of a photograph, Untitled (Cowboy), was sold for $ 1, 248, 000.

    Prince is certainly not the only contemporary artist to have worked with so-called “found photographs”—a loose term given to everything from discarded(丟棄的) prints discovered in a junk shop to old advertisements or amateur photographs from a stranger’s family album. The German artist Joachim Schmid, who believes “basically everything is worth looking at”, has gathered discarded photographs, postcards and newspaper images since 1982. In his on-going project, Archiv, he groups photographs of family life according to themes: people with dogs; teams; new cars; dinner with the family; and so on.

    Like Schmid, the editors of several self-published art magazines also champion (捍衛(wèi)) found photographs. One of them, called simply Found, was born one snowy night in Chicago, when Davy Rothbard returned to his car to find under his wiper(雨刷) an angry note intended for some else: “Why’s your car HERE at HER place?” The note became the starting point for Rothbard’s addictive publication, which features found photographs sent in by readers, such a poster discovered in our drawer.

    The whole found-photograph phenomenon has raised some questions. Perhaps one of the most difficult is: can these images really be considered as art? And if so, whose art? Yet found photographs produced by artists, such Richard Prince, may riding his horse hurriedly to meet someone? Or how did Prince create this photograph? It’s anyone’s guess. In addition, as we imagine the back-story to the people in the found photographs artists, like Schmid, have collated (整理), we also turn toward our own photographic albums. Why is memory so important to us? Why do we all seek to freeze in time the faces of our children, our parents, our lovers, and ourselves? Will they mean anything to anyone after we’ve gone?

64. The first paragraph of the passage is used to _________.

   A. remind readers of found photographs                B. advise reader to start a new kind of business

   C. ask readers to find photographs behind sofa    

   D. show readers the value of found photographs

65. According to the passage, Joachim Schmid _________.

   A. is fond of collecting family life photographs         B. found a complaining not under his car wiper

   C. is working for several self-published magazines   

   D. wondered at the artistic nature of found photographs

66. The underlined word “them” in Para 4 refers to __________.

   A. the readers     B. the editors  C. the found photographs    D. the self-published magazines

67. By asking a series of questions in Para 5, the author mainly intends to indicate that ________.

   A. memory of the past is very important to people 

   B. found photographs allow people to think freely

   C. the back-story of found photographs is puzzling

   D. the real value of found photographs is questionable

68. The author’s attitude towards found photographs can be described as _________.

   A. critical         B. doubtful           C. optimistic         D. satisfied

A person may have an idea about himself that will prevent him from doing good work.

   He may have the belief that he is not capable (有能力的) of it. A child may think he is __1__ because he doesn’t understand how to make the __2__ of his mental faculties (才能). Older people may be mistaken that they are incapable of learning things new because of their __ 3__.

   A person who believe that he is incapable will not make a real __4__ because he feels that it would be useless. He won’t go at a job with confidence necessary for __5__ , and he won’t  work his hardest way, even though he may think he is doing so. He is __6__ likely to fail, and the failure will __7__ his belief in his competence (才能) .

   Alfred Alder, a famous doctor, had __8__ like this. When he was a small boy, he had a poor __9__ in maths. His teacher told his parents he had no ability in maths in order that they would not __10__ too much of him. In this way, they two __11__ the idea. He accepted __12__ mistaken thinking of his ability, felt that it was useless to __13__ and was very poor at maths, __14__ as they expected.

   One day he worked at a problem which __15__ of the other students had been able to solve.

  Alder __16__ in solving the problem. This gave him confidence (信心). He now __17__ with interest, determination and purpose, and he soon became especially good at __18__. He not only proved that he could learn maths well, but luckily he learned __19__ in his life from his own experience that if a person goes at a job with determination and purpose, he may __20__ himself as well as others by his ability.

1. A. clever                   B. shy                   C. useless                     D. stupid

2. A. biggest                 B. most                 C. highest                     D. deepest

3. A. ability                  B. age                   C. brain                        D. knowledge

4. A. decision                B. success              C. effort                       D. trouble

5. A. work                    B. study                C. improvement            D. success

6. A. truly                        B. really                C. however                   D. therefore

7. A. lead to                 B. strengthen         C. increase                    D. add to

8. A. an experience        B. an example        C. a thought                  D. a story

9. A. state                         B. mind                 C. start                         D. ending

10. A. blame                 B. expect               C. get                           D. win

11. A. developed           B. organized          C. discovered                D. found

12. A. his                     B. her                    C. its                          D. their

13. A. manage               B. succeed             C. try                         D. act

14. A. only                   B. almost               C. just                        D. then

15. A. none                   B. no                    C. no one                    D. nobody

16. A. gave                   B. succeeded          C. failed                            D. believed

17. A. lived                  B. worked             C. played                    D. graduated

18. A. lessons                   B. medicine           C. subjects                  D. maths

19. A. early                  B. deeply               C. late                        D. simply

20. A. encourage           B. love                  C. astonish                  D. disappoint

Most of us lead unhealthy lives; we spend far too much sitting down. If in addition we are careless about our diets, our bodies soon become loose and fatty and our systems slow?moving. There are some aspects(方面) of our unhealthy lives that we cannot avoid. I am thinking of such features of modern city life as pollution, noise, rushed meals and stress. But keeping fit is a way to reduce the effects of these evils. The usual suggestion to a person who is looking for a way to keep fit is to take up some sport or other. While it is true that every weekend you will find people playing football and hockey in the local park, they are outnumbered a hundred to one by the people who are simply watching them.

　　For those who do not particularly enjoy competitive sports — and it is especially difficult to do so if you are not good at them — there are such separate activities as cycling, walking, jogging and swimming. What often happens though is that you do them in such a leisurely way, so slowly, that it is doubtful if you are doing yourself much good, except for the fact that you have at least managed to get up out of your armchair.

　　Even after you have found a way for keeping in shape, through sport or gymnastics, you are still only half way to good health, because, according to the experts, you must also master the art of complete mental and physical relaxation(放松). It has to do with deep breathing, emptying your mind of all thoughts, meditation, and so on. Yoga, as practiced in the West, is the most widely known and popular of the systems for achieving the necessary state of relaxation. It seems ironical (諷刺性的), though, that as our lives have improved in a material sense we have found it increasingly necessary to go back to forms of activity?physical effort on the one hand and relaxation on the other — which were the natural way of life of our forefathers.

12. Pollution, noise and stress are examples of _____.

A. causes of unfitness

       B. bad features of living in towns

C. the things we can completely do away with

       D. unavoidable things in town

13. We don’t get much out of separate sports because we _____.

A. don’t do them very often 

       B. don’t do them actively enough

C. find it hard to get out of our armchairs

       D. don’t find them interesting

14. To be healthy we must _____.

A. keep fit and active                                       B. keep fit and learn to relax

C. be active and practise Yoga                                D. have a sound mind

15. Our forefathers were healthy because______.

    A. their way of life closely connected with both exercise and relaxation

    B. they were careful to get plenty of fresh air

    C. they spent most of the time out of doors

       D. their environment was not polluted

       Learning another language isn't easy, but most people can learn a second language well if they’re willing to put in the necessary time. Here are some practical suggestions for studying effectively, overcoming anxiety, and learning the grammar and skills necessary for success in foreign language classes.

Study every day

Language learning is cumulative: you cannot put it off until the weekend. Study one or two hours for every class hour if you want a good mark.

Distribute your study time in 15 to 30 minutes period throughout the day

Study a different task each time: vocabulary now, grammar next, etc. Get an overview during the first half hour: spend 10 minutes reviewing dialog, 10 minutes learning new vocabulary, 10 minutes learning new grammar... So you'll at least have looked at it all. About 80~of your study time should be spent on recitation or practice.

Attend and participate in every class—even if you aren't well prepared

Class time is your best opportunity to practice, learn the grammar and vocabulary outside of class in order to make full use of the class time. Spend a few minutes "warming up" before each class by speaking or reading the language.

Make yourself comfortable in the classroom

Get to know your classmates, so you'll feel you’re among friends. Visit your teacher during office hours to get aquainted(熟悉的)：explain your goals and fears about the course to your teacher.

Learn grammar if you don't already know it

Grammar is the skeleton(骨架) and the basic structure of a language, and you must learn it.

Practice for tests by doing what you'll have to do on the test

If the test will require you to write, then study by writing--including spelling and accents. If you're asked to listen, practice listening. Ask for practice questions and make up your own test questions. Try to invent changes on patterns and forms. Over learning is also required in tests preparation：study beyond the paints of recognition to mastery.

Develop a good attitude

Have a clear personal reason for taking the class. Set personal goals for what you want to learn. Leave perfectionism at the door; give yourself permission to make mistakes and learn from them.

16. What does the underlined word "cumulative" in Paragraph 2 probably mean?

    A. process of gaining knowledge or skill by doing and seeing things

    B. having to do with comparison

    C. having ability to do what is needed

    D. increasing in amount by one addition after another

17. A good learner is one who ________ according to the passage.

    A. never permits himself to make mistakes

    B. can learn something from the mistakes he makes

    C. follows the goals that other persons set for themselves

    D. can get to know his classmates and doesn't take his teachers' advice

18. What would be the best title for the passage?

   A. Tips on studying a foreign language. 

   B. Advice on how to learn grammar.

   C. Suggestions for studying vocabulary effectively.     

   D. How to make yourself comfortable in the classroom.

　    Many children first learn the value of money by receiving an allowance. The purpose is to let children learn from experience at an age when financial mistakes are not very costly. The amount of money that parents give to their children to spend as they wish differs from family to family. Timing is another consideration. Some children get a weekly allowance. Others get a monthly allowance. In any case, parents should make clear what, if anything, the child is expected to pay for with the money.

At first, young children may spend all of their allowance soon after they receive it. If they do this, they will learn the hard way that spending must be done within a budget. Parents are usually advised not to offer more money until the next allowance. The object is to show young people that a budget demands choices between spending and saving. Older children may be responsible enough to save money for larger costs, like clothing or electronics.

Many people think it is not a good idea to pay your child for work around the home. These jobs are a normal part of family life. Paying children to do extra work around the house, however, can be useful. It can even provide an understanding of how a business works.

Allowances give children a chance to experience the three things they can do with money. They can share it in the form of gifts or giving to a good cause. They can spend it by buying things they want. Or they can save it. Saving helps children understand that costly goals require sacrifice: you have to cut costs and plan for the future.

Requiring children to save part of their allowance can also open the door to future saving. A saving account is an excellent way to learn about the power of compound interest. Compounding works by paying interest on interest. So, for example, one dollar invested at two percent interest for two years will earn two cents in the first year. The second year, the money will earn two percent of one dollar and two cents, and so on. That may not seem like a lot. But over time it adds up.

14. Many parents give children an allowance regularly to ______.

   A. meet children’s basic need for life        B. give control over their children

   C. see whether they have financial mistakes   D. help children learn how to manage money

15. For Children who receive allowances, they’d better not ________.

   A. waste money to buy gifts for their parents or friends

   B. buy their favorite clothing or electronics for themselves

   C. save money like their parents or other adults

   D. ask for the next allowance before the decided date.

16. If children are required to save their allowance, they ______.

   A. can experience the three things related to money

   B. can understand the relation between goals and sacrifice

   C. will do more work around the house

   D. help themselves found the basis for their future life

17. What does the underlined phrase “compound interest” mean?

   A. The interest based on the original money and unpaid interest.

   B. A way of helping children earn two percent interest.

   C. The interest intended for children to earn money.

   D. A saving account opened for children’s allowance.

18. What would be the best title for the text?

   A. How to Give Children an Allowance

   B. Spend Your Allowance within a Budget

   C. Allowance Helps Children Learn about Money

   D. Doing Housework Earns Children Allowance

--Hello, is Mr. David in?  ---_____.

A. Who's calling     B.Who are you      C.I’m David   D.Are you Lucy?

E－mail,as well as telephones,　　 an important part in daily communication.

A.is playing　　　　　　　　　　　B.have played

C.are playing　　　　　　　　　　D.play

A library together with 5000 books 　　 for the school.

A.was provided　　　　　　　　　　　B.were provided

C.provided　　　　　　　　　　　　　D.have provided

Mr White,along with his assistants,　　 on the project day and night to meet the deadline.

A.work　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　B.working

C.is working　　　　　　　　　　　　D.are working

She has never done anything for them,      they have done everything for her.

A.when        B.as      C.whereas      D.because