9．Phrases like"tiger mom"and‘‘helicopter parent"have made their way into everyday language．Many of us find ourselves drawn to the idea that with just a bit more parental hard work and effort，we might turn out children with bright futures．But is there anything wrong with a kind of"overparenting style"？
Parental involvement has a long history of being studied．Many of the studies，conducted by Diana Baumrind，a famous psychologist at the University of California，Berkeley，have found that a good parent is the one who is involved and reacts to her child in a positive way，who sets high expectations but gives her child independence．These"authoritative parents"appear to hit the sweet spot of parental involvement and generally raise children who do better academically，psychologically and socially than children whose parents are not strict and less involved，or controlling and more involved．Why is this parenting style so successful？
Authoritative parents actually help improve motivation in their children．Carol Dweck，a social psychologist at Stanford University，has done research that indicates why authoritative parents raise more motivated children．In a typical experiment，Dr．Dweck takes young children into a room and asks them to solve a simple puzzle．Most do so with little difficulty．But then Dr．Dweck tells some，but not all，of the kids how clever they are．As it turns out，the children who are not told they're smart are more motivated to solve increasingly difficult puzzles．They also show higher levels of confidence and show greater progress in puzzle-solving．
As the experiment suggests，praising children's talents and abilities seems to shake their confidence．Dealing with more difficult puzzles carries the risk of losing one's status as"smart"．Dr．Dweck's work strongly supports that of Dr．Baumrind，who also found that reasonably supporting a child's independence and limiting interference （干涉） causes better academic and emotional results．
The central task of growing up is to develop a sense of self that is independent and confident．If you treat your young child who is just learning to walk as if she can't walk，you reduce her confidence．Allowing children to make mistakes is one of the greatest challenges of parenting．It is easier when they are young．The potential mistakes carry greater risks，and part of being a parent is reducing risk for our children．

12．According to the passage，a"tiger mom"C．
A．helps her children realize their dreams
B．speaks her children's everyday language
C．pays close attention to her children's experiences
D．places reasonable expectations on her children
13．It is implied that controlling style of parenting mayD．
A．foster independence in children    
B．lead to children's academic success
C．face more challenges of children
D．cause more problems in children
14．The example of the children doing the puzzles suggests thatA．
A．overpraising makes children less motivated and confident
B．a(chǎn) good game plays a big role in training young minds
C．puzzle-solving can give children the motivation they need
D．bright children usually show less confidence in difficult games
15．The last paragraph tells us thatB．
A．children should correct mistakes with the help of their parents
B．parents should allow their children to learn from mistakes
C．parents should not increase the risk of challenging
D．children should not be given much freedom．

分析 本文主要講述了幾種類型的父母及其對孩子的影響．例如權(quán)威性父母和控制型父母的特點(diǎn)和表現(xiàn)．

解答 12．C 推理判斷題．根據(jù)文章第二段中的agood parent is the one who is involved and reacts to her child in a positiveway，who sets highexpectations but gives her child independence，可知這類型的父母在孩子身上抱有期望，但同時也加以適度的關(guān)注并參與，所以虎媽密切關(guān)注孩子們的經(jīng)歷，故C選項正確．
13．D 推理判斷題．根據(jù)第二段的最后幾句，可推斷控制型的父母所帶出來的孩子通常在學(xué)業(yè)、心理、社交等方面都不如別的孩子．結(jié)合各個選項的意思，可知選D．
14．A  細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第四段中的praising children's talents and abilitiesseems to shake their confidence，可知過分表揚(yáng)孩子反倒會動搖了他們的自信，可知選A正確．
15．B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題．由本文最后一段的內(nèi)容理解，尤其是最后的兩句，可知父母應(yīng)該讓自己的孩子在錯誤中學(xué)習(xí)，從而得到自身的成長，故選B．

點(diǎn)評 本文是人生感悟類閱讀，主要考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題和推理判斷題．在做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時，首先根據(jù)題目要求迅速在文章里找出相應(yīng)的段落、句子或短語．認(rèn)真比較選項和文中細(xì)節(jié)的區(qū)別，在做推理判斷題時不要以個人的主觀想象代替文章的事實(shí)，要根據(jù)文章事實(shí)進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理判斷．

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