Question

【題目】請認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。

注意：每個空格只填1個單詞。請將答案寫在答題卡上相應(yīng)題號的橫線上。

Why Do Smart People Do Foolish Things?

We all probably know someone who is intelligent but does surprisingly stupid things. What does it mean to be smart or intelligent? Our everyday use of the term is meant to describe someone who is knowledgeable and makes wise decisions, but this definition is at odds with how intelligence is traditionally measured. The most widely known measure of intelligence is the intelligence quotient, more commonly known as the IQ test, which includes visuospatial puzzles, math problems, pattern recognition, vocabulary questions and visual searches.

The advantages of being intelligent are undeniable. Intelligent people are more likely to get better grades and go farther in school. They are more likely to be successful at work. And they are less likely to get into trouble (for example, commit crimes) as adolescents.

Given all the advantages of intelligence, though, you may be surprised to learn that it does not predict other life outcomes, such as well-being. You might imagine that doing well in school or at work might lead to greater life satisfaction, but several large-scale studies have failed to find evidence that IQ impacts life satisfaction or longevity (長壽). Most intelligence tests fail to assess the extent of rational thinking, such as real-world decision-making and our ability to interact well with others. This is, in other words, perhaps why “smart” people do “dumb” things.

The ability to think critically, on the other hand, has been associated with wellness and longevity. Though often confused with intelligence, critical thinking is not intelligence. Critical thinking is a collection of cognitive (認(rèn)知的) skills that allow us to think rationally (理性地) in a goal-orientated fashion and a disposition to use those skills when appropriate. Critical thinkers have self-confidence in their own abilities to reason. They possess great flexibility in requiring evidence to support their beliefs. Critical thinking means overcoming all kinds of cognitive biases (偏見).

Critical thinking predicts a wide range of life events. Researchers have found that critical thinkers experience fewer negative life events such as academic (“I forgot about an exam”), health (“I received HIV through unprotected sex”), legal (“I was arrested for driving under the influence”), interpersonal (“I cheated on my partner for more than a year”), financial (“I have over $5,000 of credit-card debt”), and so on.

Intelligence and improving intelligence are hot topics that receive a lot of attention. It is time for critical thinking to receive a little more of that attention. Reasoning and rationality more closely resemble what we mean when we say a person is smart rather than spatial skills and math ability. Furthermore, improving intelligence is difficult. Intelligence is largely determined by genetics. Critical thinking, though, can improve with training, and the benefits have been shown to continue over time. Anyone can improve their critical thinking skills. Doing so, we can say with certainty, is a smart thing to do.

Why Do Smart People Do Foolish Things?
Introduction	The defining term of intelligence in daily life 【1】largely from how it is traditionally measured.
The advantages of intelligence	●Intelligent people may have better academic and job 【2】. ●Intelligence may predict less trouble during adolescence.
【3】 for smart people doing foolish things	●Intelligent people don’t 【4】 enjoy greater life satisfaction or longevity. ●What most intelligence tests 【5】 are rational thinking skills like decision-making.
The importance of critical thinking	●Critical thinkers are more likely to be 【6】 in life and live longer. ●Critical thinkers are rational, self-confident, 【7】 and open-minded. ●Critical thinking is believed to be 【8】 with fewer negative life events.
Conclusion	We should 【9】 more on critical thinking than on intelligence, as intelligence is something, to a large extent, that one is 【10】 with while critical thinking can be trained and improved.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】differs

【2】performance

【3】Reasons

【4】necessarily

【5】miss/lack

【6】happier

【7】flexible

【8】associated/ linked/ connected/ concerned

【9】focus

【10】born

【解析】

本文是一篇議論文。智力更多的是與生俱來的，但是批判性思維后天是可以培養(yǎng)和提高的，因此，一些看上去很聰明的人在生活中也會做蠢事。

【1】

根據(jù)第一段中的Our everyday use of the term is meant to describe someone who is knowledgeable and makes wise decisions, but this definition is at odds with how intelligence is traditionally measured.(我們對這個詞的日常使用是用來描述那些知識淵博、做出明智決定的人，但這個定義與傳統(tǒng)上衡量智力的方式不一致)可知，日常生活中對智力的定義與傳統(tǒng)的衡量方式有很大的不同。此處做謂語動詞，且句子描述的是客觀事實，應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語是單數(shù)概念，謂語動詞應(yīng)使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填differs。

【2】

根據(jù)第二段中的Intelligent people are more likely to get better grades and go farther in school. They are more likely to be successful at work.(聰明的人更有可能取得更好的成績，在學(xué)業(yè)上更出色。他們更有可能在工作上取得成功)，可知，聰明的人可能有更好的學(xué)術(shù)和工作表現(xiàn)。名詞performance“表現(xiàn)”。故填performance。

【3】

根據(jù)表格右側(cè)內(nèi)容可知，此處指聰明人做傻事的一些原因。應(yīng)使用可數(shù)名詞reason“原因”的復(fù)數(shù)形式，首字母大寫。故填Reasons。

【4】

根據(jù)第三段中的You might imagine that doing well in school or at work might lead to greater life satisfaction, but several large-scale studies have failed to find evidence that IQ impacts life satisfaction or longevity (長壽).(你可能會認(rèn)為，在學(xué)�；蚬ぷ髦斜憩F(xiàn)好可能會帶來更大的生活滿意度，但一些大規(guī)模的研究并沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)智商影響生活滿意度或壽命的證據(jù))可推知，聰明的人不一定對生活更滿意或更長壽。此處使用副詞necessarily“一定，必要地，必定地”修飾動詞enjoy。故填necessarily。

【5】

根據(jù)第三段中的Most intelligence tests fail to assess the extent of rational thinking, such as real-world decision-making and our ability to interact well with others.(大多數(shù)智力測試都無法評估理性思維的程度，比如現(xiàn)實生活中的決策和我們與他人良好互動的能力)可知，大多數(shù)智力測試缺乏的是像決策這樣的理性思考技能。此處使用動詞miss/lack“錯過/缺乏”，句子描述的是客觀事實，應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語是復(fù)數(shù)概念，謂語動詞應(yīng)使用原形。故填miss/lack。

【6】

根據(jù)第四段中的The ability to think critically, on the other hand, has been associated with wellness and longevity. (另一方面，批判性思維的能力與健康和長壽有關(guān))及空后and live longer可知，此處使用形容詞比較級，意為“批判的思考者更有可能生活得更快樂，活得更久”。故填happier。

【7】

根據(jù)第四段中的They possess great flexibility in requiring evidence to support their beliefs.(他們在要求證據(jù)來支持他們的信念方面有很大的靈活性)可知，批判性思考者理性、自信、靈活、思想開放。此處使用形容詞flexible“靈活的”。故填flexible。

【8】

根據(jù)第五段中的Researchers have found that critical thinkers experience fewer negative life events(研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，批判性思考者很少經(jīng)歷負(fù)面的生活事件)可知，批判性思維被認(rèn)為與較少的負(fù)面生活事件有關(guān)。be associated/ linked/ connected/ concerned with“與……有關(guān)系”。故填associated/ linked/ connected/ concerned。

【9】

根據(jù)最后一段中的It is time for critical thinking to receive a little more of that attention.(現(xiàn)在是時候讓批判性思維得到更多的關(guān)注了)可知，我們應(yīng)該更多地關(guān)注批判性思維而不是智力。此處是短語：focus on“關(guān)注”，should后用動詞原形。故填focus。

【10】

根據(jù)最后一段Intelligence is largely determined by genetics.(智力在很大程度上由基因決定)可知，智力在很大程度上是與生俱來的。此處是短語：be born with“天生具有，與生俱來”。故填born。