Question

【題目】 Many mental health professionals viewed the pursuit of happiness as a foolish mistake until quite recently. Most of them used to concentrate their energy and attention on individuals suffering from diseases like depression and anxiety, or on relieving despair rather than promoting well-being. But that’s all beginning to change. Supporters of “positive psychology” think that happiness is a goal that people can—and should—work toward. They believe that it’s not only possible but crucially important. Health means not just the absence of disease but a positive sense of involvement and engagement in life. Unless you know how to enjoy life, your life is not really happy. This doesn’t mean that finding happiness is easy—a variety of obstacles stands in the way. The first, perhaps the biggest, is genetics.

Happiness, it seems, is decided—at least in part—by personality features that are largely passed on from their parents. In a study published in 2018, researchers at the University of Edinburgh examined personality and happiness data on more than 900 pairs of twins. They found a close genetic relationship between happiness and positive personalities such as openness and agreeableness. Identical twins (同卵雙胞胎) were more likely to share these positive features than non-identical twins; they were also more likely to report similar levels of well-being.

Major life events as well as social and economic factors can also stand in the way of happiness. More often than not, however, people get in their own way by looking for happiness in all the wrong places. They aren’t particularly good at recognizing what will bring them lasting joy: Although money tops many people’s wish lists, study after study has found that once basic needs are met, additional wealth doesn’t add much to people’s sense of well-being and contentment.

Experts in the field of positive psychology still believe it’s possible for people to push their happiness upward—not just temporarily but over the long term.

【1】What’s the shift in mental health study?

A.Health means the absence of disease.

B.Emphasis is placed on the pursuit of happiness.

C.Well-being is found to be something one was born with.

D.More attention is paid to anxiety and depression.

【2】Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A.Different obstacles are in the way of finding happiness.

B.Happiness is largely dictated by one’s personality.

C.Identical twins are more likely to be on the same level of well-being than non-identical twins.

D.Wealth always plays an important role in people’s sense of happiness and contentment.

【3】The obstacles standing in the way of happiness include all of the following elements EXCEPT .

A.emotive factorsB.genetics

C.social factorsD.economic factors

【4】According to the experts of positive psychology, what’s the essential point of the pursuit of happiness?

A.Material prosperity.B.Freedom.

C.Long-term efforts.D.The avoidance of stress.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】B

【2】D

【3】A

【4】C

【解析】

本文是一篇說明文。主要講述心理健康研究的轉(zhuǎn)變，重點要放在追求幸福上并且指出追求幸福的多種障礙。追求幸福的本質(zhì)要靠長期的努力。

【1】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章Many mental health professionals viewed the pursuit of happiness as a foolish mistake…But that’s all beginning to change. Supporters of “positive psychology” think that happiness is a goal that people can—and should—work toward. They believe that it’s not only possible but crucially important.直到最近，許多心理健康專家還認(rèn)為追求幸福是一個愚蠢的錯誤。他們大多把精力和注意力集中在患有抑郁和焦慮等疾病的人身上，或者用來緩解絕望，而不是增進福祉。但這一切都開始改變了。“積極心理學(xué)”的支持者認(rèn)為，幸福是一個人們可以而且應(yīng)該為之努力的目標(biāo)。他們相信這不僅是可能的，而且至關(guān)重要。由此可以看出心理健康研究要轉(zhuǎn)移重點到追求幸福上，故選B。

【2】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章Although money tops many people’s wish lists, study after study has found that once basic needs are met, additional wealth doesn’t add much to people’s sense of well-being and contentment. 雖然金錢是許多人的頭號愿望，但一項又一項的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，一旦基本需求得到滿足，再多的財富也不會給人們帶來多大的幸福感和滿足感。由此可知D選項說財富在人們的幸福感和滿足感中始終起著重要的作用，不符合文章的表述，故選D。

【3】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章This doesn’t mean that finding happiness is easy—a variety of obstacles stands in the way. The first, perhaps the biggest, is genetics. 這并不意味著尋找幸福是容易的——有各種各樣的障礙擋在路上。第一個，也許是最大的，是基因。 Major life events as well as social and economic factors can also stand in the way of happiness. 生活中的重大事件以及社會和經(jīng)濟因素也會阻礙幸福。從第三段的第一句話可以得知答案。由此可知，尋找幸福的阻礙不包括情緒因素，故選A。

【4】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。最后一段Experts in the field of positive psychology still believe it’s possible for people to push their happiness upward—not just temporarily but over the long term. 積極心理學(xué)領(lǐng)域的專家仍然相信，人們有可能提升自己的幸福感——努力不僅僅是暫時的，而是長期的。

由此可知追求幸福的本質(zhì)要靠長期的努力。故選C。