9.No one knows for sure when advertising first started.It is possible that it grew out of the discovery that some people did certain kinds of work better than others did them.That led to the concept of specialization,which means that people would specialize,or focus,on doing one specific job.
Let's take a man we'll call Mr.Fielder,for example.He did everything connected with farming.He planted seeds,tended the fields,and harvested and sold his crops.At the same time,he did many other jobs on the farm.However,he didn't make the bricks for his house,cut his trees into boards,make the plows (犁),or any of other hundreds of things a farm needs.Instead,he got them from people who specialized in doing each of those things.
Suppose there was another man we shall call Mr.Plowright.Using what he knew about farming and working with iron,Mr.Plowright invented a plow that made farming easier.Mr.Plowright did not really like farming himself and wanted to specialize in making really good plows.Perhaps,he thought,other farmers will trade what they grow for one of my plows.
How did Mr.Plowright let people know what he was doing?Why,he advertised,of course.First he opened a shop and then he put up a sign outside the shop to attract customers.That sign may have been no more than a plow carved into a piece of wood and a simple arrow pointing to the shop door.It was probably all the information people needed to find Mr.Plowright and his really good plows.
Many historians believe that the first outdoor signs were used about five thousand years ago.Even before most people could read,they understood such signs.Shopkeepers would carve into stone,clay,or wood symbols for the products they had for sale.
A medium,in advertising talk,is the way you communicate your message.You might say that the first medium used in advertising was signs with symbols.The second medium was audio,or sound,although that term is not used exactly in the way we use it today.Originally,just the human voice and maybe some kind of simple instrument,such as a bell,were used to get people's attention.
A crier,in the historical sense,is not someone who weeps easily.It is someone,probably a man,with a voice loud enough to be heard over the other noises of a city.In ancient Egypt,shopkeepers might hire such a person to spread the news about their products.Often this earliest form of advertising involved a newly arrived ship loaded with goods.Perhaps the crier described the goods,explained where they came from,and praised their quality.His job was,in other words,not too different from a TV or radio commercial in today's world.(478words)
41.What probably led to the start of advertisement?B
A.The discovery of iron.
B.The specialization of labor.
C.The appearance of new jobs.
D.The development of farming techniques.
42.To advertise his plows,Mr.PlowrightB.
A.praised his plows in public
B.placed a sign outside the shop
C.hung an arrow pointing to the shop
D.showed his products to the customers
43.The writer makes up the two stories of Mr.Fielder and Mr.Plowright in order toA.
A.explain the origin of advertising
B.predict the future of advertising
C.expose problems in advertising
D.provide suggestions for advertising
44.In ancient Egypt,a crier was probably someone whoD.
A.owned a ship
B.had the loudest voice
C.ran a shop selling goods to farmers
D.functioned like today's TV or radio commercial
45.The last two paragraphs are mainly aboutC.
A.the history of advertising
B.the benefits of advertising
C.the early forms of advertising
D.the basic design of advertising.
分析 本文作者通過講述Fielder與Plowright 的兩段故事,為人們分析了廣告起源的過程,并且介紹了最早的兩種廣告形式,即:通過使用帶有符號的牌子或者雇傭沿街呼喚傳報消息的人(a cier).
解答 41 B 內容歸納題 根據(jù)第一段可知,作者認為廣告最初可能起源于:由于面對同樣的工作,有些人比其他人做的要好些,從而出現(xiàn)了一些從事專業(yè)化工作的人;因此是專業(yè)化的勞動促使了廣告的興起;故選B
42 B 細節(jié)理解題 根據(jù)第四段"First he opened a shop and then he put up a sign outside the shop to attract customers"Plowright首先開了一家商店,然后在商店外面掛起了一個牌子,來吸引顧客,向顧客推銷他的犁;故選B
43 A 內容歸納題 閱讀二至五段可知,作者講述Fielder與Plowright 的兩段故事,旨在告訴人們廣告是在什么情況下出現(xiàn)的,即廣告的起源;故選A
44 D 推理判斷題 根據(jù)最后一段對"a cier"的介紹以及在古埃及,店主們通常雇傭他來傳播他們的產品消息,并且根據(jù)本文的最后一句"His job was,in other words,not too different from a TV or radio commercial in today's world."他的工作與當今世界的電視或廣播的廣告沒有太大的不同;故可以推測出答案D正確
45 C 段落大意題 最后兩段主要概括了兩種最早的廣告形式即:懸掛帶有符號的牌子以及雇傭沿街呼喚傳報消息的人(a cier),故選C
點評 做本題時,首先應快速瀏覽全文,掌握文章的大意以及作者的寫作思路;其次,可以通過對相關細節(jié)的理解,概括段落大意,以及通過邏輯推理,選出正確的答案.