Question

【題目】請認真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。注意：每個空格只填1個單詞。請將答案寫在答題卡上相應(yīng)題號的橫線上。

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rushing into business. Firms of all types are using AI to forecast demand, hire workers and deal with customers. The McKinsey Global Institute, a think-tank within a consultancy, forecasts that just applying AI to marketing, sales and supply chains could create economic value of $2.7trn over the next 20 years.

Such grand forecasts fuel anxiety as well as hope. Less familiar, but just as important, is how AI will transform the workplace.

Start with the benefits.AI ought to improve productivity. Humanyze, a people analytics software provider, combines data from its badges（工牌）with employees’ calendars and e-mails to work out, say, whether office layouts favour teamwork .Slack, a workplace messaging app, helps managers assess how quickly employees accomplish tasks. Companies will see when workers are not just dozing off but also misbehaving.

Employees will gain, too. Thanks to advance in computer vision, AI can check that workers are wearing safety equipment and that no one has been harmed on the factory floor. Some will appreciate more feedback on their work and welcome a sense of how to do better.

Machines can help ensure that pay rises and promotions go to those who deserve them. That starts with hiring. People often have biases but algorithms（算法）, if designed correctly, can be more unprejudiced. Software can flag patterns that people might miss.

Yet AI’s benefits will come with many potential drawbacks. Algorithms may not be free of the biases of their programmers, which can have unintended consequences. The length of a travel may predict whether an employee will quit a job, but this focus may harm poorer applicants. Older staff might work more slowly than younger ones and could risk losing their positions if all AI looks for is productivity. And surveillance（監(jiān)控）may feel Orwellian—a sensitive matter now that people have begun to question how much Facebook and other tech giants know about their private lives.

As regulators and employers weigh the pros and cons of AI in the workplace, three principles ought to guide its spread. First, data should be anonymized where possible. Microsoft, for example, has a product that shows individuals how they manage their time in the office, but gives managers information only in aggregated（整合）form. Second, the use of AI ought to be transparent. Employees should be told what technologies are being used in their workplaces and which data are being gathered. As a matter of routine, algorithms used by firms to hire, fire and promote should be tested for bias and unintended consequences. Last, countries should let individuals request their own data, whether they are ex-workers wishing to contest a dismissal or jobseekers hoping to demonstrate their ability to prospective employers.

The march of Al into the workplace calls for trade-offs between privacy and performance. A fairer, more productive workforce is a prize worth having, but not if it chains employees. Striking a balance will require thought, a willingness for both employers and employees to adapt and a strong dose of humanity.

AI Spy
Passage outline	Supporting details
Introduction	While its future in business is full of 【1】, AI affects the workplace negatively.
Advantages of AI	·AI makes business more productive by analyzing the office layout, assessing the employees’ working efficiency and 【2】 their behavior. ·AI can 【3】 employees’ safety and provide feedback for them to better themselves. ·AI helps businesses hire more suitable employees and develop a better 【4】 of promotion and pay rise.
Potential drawbacks of AI	·Undesirable results may arise due to the biases of the programmers. ·Poorer applicants and older staff are at a 【5】 ·Employees’ privacy is 【6】 in the age of AI.
Principles 【7】 AI’s spread	·Keep the data anonymous when they are gathered and used. 【8】 employees of technologies used in the workplace and test the algorithms to avoid undesirable results. ·【9】 employees to access data for their own sake.
Summary	Only when employees and employers are 【10】 to adapt and respect each other, can AI make workplace fairer and more productive.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】promise/hope

【2】monitoring

【3】ensure/guarantee

【4】system

【5】disadvantage

【6】violated/disturbed/invaded

【7】guiding

【8】Inform

【9】Permit/Allow

【10】willing

【解析】這是一篇議論文。AI正在各種公司中廣泛應(yīng)用。文章介紹了AI的好處以及它可能的缺點。另外，文章提出三個引導(dǎo)AI發(fā)展的原則。

【1】根據(jù)第一段和第二段中的“Artificial intelligence (AI) is rushing into business. Firms of all types are using AI to forecast demand, hire workers and deal with customers … Such grand forecasts fuel anxiety as well as hope”可知，AI在各種公司中被廣泛應(yīng)用。它既給人們帶來希望，同時易引發(fā)了一些焦慮。故第一個空應(yīng)填：hope/promise：AI的發(fā)展充滿希望，前景光明。

【2】根據(jù)第三段中的“Companies will see when workers are not just dozing off but also misbehaving”可知，AI可以幫助公司監(jiān)督員工，知道員工什么時候打瞌睡，什么時候舉止不端。故該空應(yīng)用動詞monitor，該空做介詞by的賓語，故填monitoring。

【3】根據(jù)第四段中的“AI can check that workers are wearing safety equipment and that no one has been harmed on the factory floor”可知，AI可以確保員工的安全。該空填ensure/guarantee。

【4】根據(jù)第五段中的“Machines can help ensure that pay rises and promotions go to those who deserve them”可知，機器可以幫助確保該加薪的人加薪，該升職的人升職。即：AI可以幫助企業(yè)發(fā)展一個更好的升職加薪系統(tǒng)。該空填system。

【5】根據(jù)第六段中的“this focus may harm poorer applicants. Older staff might work more slowly than younger ones and could risk losing their positions if all AI looks for is productivity”可知，AI可能會傷害比較貧窮的申請者，上了年紀的員工可能有失業(yè)的風(fēng)險。由此可知，這兩類人處于不利的地位，故該空填disadvantage。

【6】根據(jù)第六段中的“And surveillance（監(jiān)控）may feel Orwellian—a sensitive matter now that people have begun to question how much Facebook and other tech giants know about their private lives”可知，監(jiān)控的存在可能侵犯員工的隱私。該句是被動句，故該空填過去分詞violated/disturbed/invaded。

【7】根據(jù)第七段中的“three principles ought to guide its spread”可知，該段介紹了三個引導(dǎo)AI發(fā)展的原則。該空做principles的定語，它們之間是主動關(guān)系，故填現(xiàn)在分詞。

【8】根據(jù)第七段中的“Employees should be told what technologies are being used in their workplaces”可知，員工們應(yīng)該被告知他們的辦公地點使用了什么技術(shù)。該空是祈使句，且后面有介詞of，故填動詞原形Inform（告知，通知）。

【9】根據(jù)第七段中的“countries should let individuals request their own data”可知，各國應(yīng)允許個人索取自己的數(shù)據(jù)。該空對應(yīng)句子中的let一詞，但后面有to，故填Permit/Allow。

【10】根據(jù)最后一段中的“Striking a balance will require thought, a willingness for both employers and employees to adapt and a strong dose of humanity.”可知，保持平衡的條件之一就是雇主和雇員都愿意適應(yīng)。該空對應(yīng)句子中的willingness，但該空做表語，故填形容詞willing。be willing to do意為“樂意做某事”。