14．Why Cats Scratch Tings
In has long been assumed that when cats scratch objects with their front paws（爪子）that they are sharpening their claws．（71）AResearch on cat behavior suggests that the major reason for this behavior is communication．By scratching up the bark of a tree （or the leg of your favorite chair） the cat is letting other cats or people know where she is and what she is up to．
Cats tend to pick a small number of noticeable objects in their environments to scratch such as trees，fence posts repeatedly．（72）BThe scratched surface leaves a highly visible mark that can be easily seen by other cats．In addition，cats have special glands （腺）in their paws so that when they make scratching movements they leave scent（氣味）that the cats can smell．The fact that cats leave scent marks by making scratching movements may be the reason that cats will continue to scratch objects even after they have been declawed．（73）F
We don't know exactly what cats are communicating with their scratching．Both males and females do it．It is done inside and outside the home and even by cats living with no other cats around．（74）G Cats don't scratch up your furniture to bother you or just to be destructive，but for specific reasons，one of which is communicating．Cats also scratch to extend their bodies，during play，and possibly as a greeting or to relieve dissatisfaction when prevented from doing other things they want to do．
（75）EIt is easier to prevent problem scratching rather than trying to change your cat's preference for the arm of your sofa after it has become a built up habit．Thus，the goal is to establish acceptable scratching habits by getting your cat to prefer a scratching post rather than the arm of your sofa．

A．It turns out that this is only a secondary reason．
B．This is why the tree next door looks so scratched up．
C．Cats use other parts of their bodies to communicate as well．
D．Small pieces of bark have accumulated on the ground underneath．
E．Scratching can result in considerable damage，owner dissatisfaction．
F．Declawed cats may still be leaving scent marks on objects they scratch．
G．It could be a defensive warning or just a marker that announces its existence．

分析 本文主要介紹了為什么貓喜歡到處抓東西．

解答 ABFGE
71．A  前文指出，長久以來人們都認為貓用他們的前爪抓東西是在磨爪子．文章正是對貓抓東西的探究，后文指出這是在交流（communication），A項"事實證明磨爪只是第二位的原因"與上下文相符．故正確答案為A．
72．B  上文指出"貓往往在他們的環(huán)境中挑一些顯眼的對象反復(fù)抓撓"，關(guān)鍵詞為 scratch、trees、repeatedly，B項"這就是門口旁邊的樹看起來傷痕累累的原因"承接上文，the tree next door 即顯眼的對象．故正確答案為B．
73．F 上文指出貓在抓撓東西時也能夠留下氣味做記號，這是他們會反復(fù)抓撓的原因．F項"沒有利爪的貓依然能夠通過抓撓留下氣味"承接該句，still、scent marks 為關(guān)鍵詞．故正確答案為F．
74．G 上文指出"我們并不能確切得知貓通過抓撓在交流什么"，G項"那可以是一個防御性的警告，或者僅僅是在制造聲音以宣布自己的存在"是對此的回答．故正確答案為G．
75．E E項"Scratching can result in considerable damage，owner dissatisfaction"說明了貓的抓撓可能會造成破壞，后文"It is easier to prevent problem scratching …"指出了減少這些破壞的方式，problem 指前文 considerable damage、owner dissatisfaction．故正確答案為E

點評 閱讀理解題測試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系，對未說明的趨勢或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點理論，對文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋．考生首先要仔細閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準(zhǔn)確把握作者觀點．

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Dr．Helen Lees，from Stirling University's school of education，says that"enforced（強制的） silence"is seen as a punishment and often acts to  suppress children's natural ability．But she says that teaching children about the benefits of"enforced silence"-deliberate stillness that gives them the opportunity to focus and reflect in a stress-free environment-can have a significant effect on pupils'concentration and behavior．
It is the latest in a string of researches to establish a link between the classroom environment and pupils'academic ability．
A study almost a decade ago in London found that children's exam results were cut by as much as a third if they were taught in noisy classrooms．Teaching unions have also called for a limit of 26℃to be put on classroom temperatures because teachers and pupils struggle to work in hot conditions，and some educationalists claim that too much clutter（雜亂的東西） on classroom walls can prevent children from concentrating．
Dr．Less said，"When we take some research on school settings and put it all together，what we see is that education without silence does not make much sense．In areas of better learning outcomes，better self-confidence and well-being measures，enforced silence in a person's life and an individual's education is shown throughout the relevant research to be a benefit．"
Dozens of schools across Britain have already introduced periods of"reflective silence"into the timetable．
Kevin Houston，head of Sheringdale Primary，south London，has just introduced a minute's silence at the start of twice-weekly meetings in which children are taught breathing techniques and encouraged to reflect．The school plans to introduce it into classrooms every day．

68．According to Dr．Helen Lees，"enforced silence"C．
A．is an effective way of punishment
B．does not make much sense in class
C．can improve pupils'confidence
D．makes pupils more creative
69．The underlined word"suppress"in the second paragraph probably means"D"．
A．uncover       B．improve         C．a(chǎn)pply           D．prevent
70．What can be inferred from the research on school settings？B
A．Students are more active if taught in noisy classrooms．
B．Silence makes a great difference to pupils．
C．Clutter on the walls can help students concentrate．
D．Most schools are not satisfactory in terms of classroom temperatures．
71．What would be the best title for the text？C
A．Arranging classroom settings benefits studies
B．Achieving silence is beneficial for people
C．Keeping quiet in class improves academic performance
D．Using enforced silence is effective punishment．

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

4．Some dances gain more popularity than others because they can be performed to different kinds of music and the steps change accordingly．One such dance is waltz（華爾茲）．
    There is a basic form for waltz，which you can see in this drawing of a dancing couple．The man places one arm around the woman's waist and she places her opposite hand on his shoulder．Then，they stretch their other arms out from their bodies and clasp hand．If someone tries to teach you a formal kind of dancing，chances are your teacher will start with the waltz．Have you ever tried to dance like this？
     There are lots of different kinds of waltz，all performed to different types of waltz music．The music might be fast or slow but what they all have is a regular one-two-three，one-two-three rhythm．
  The traditional form is the old-school waltz in which dancers turn all the time with a hopping（跳躍），springy step．This waltz has a slow，smooth，gliding step．There's also the Mexican waltz，which moves much faster．Listen to this Mexican waltz music and you can imagine how fast the dancers had to move．
    Formal dancing has even become a profession，with people entering competitions．Have you ever seen a formal dance competition？
    Today，ballroom dancing is almost considered a competitive sport； professionals perform different dances，each with strict rules．Everything from where the dancers place their hands to how they move is judged．In the glide waltz，dancers are judged by how smoothly they move．"I can dance with a glass of water on my head，"is a well known sentence used by skilled dancers in the old days．In the past，some people learned how to dance by reading books，while others studied with a teacher called the"dancing master．"How do people learn to dance today？
51．When a couple are dancing，C．
A．the girl places one arm around the man's waist
B．the man puts one hand on the girl's shoulder
C．they stand face to face with one of their hands held together    
D．the man puts one arm around the girl's waist and the other on her shoulder
52．Why do the dancers move fast in the Mexican waltz？A
A．To keep up with the music．
B．To show how well they perform．
C．To catch up with the other dancers．
D．to show the difference of the dance．
53．What do the different types of waltz have in common？D
A．They use the same kind of music．
B．They share the same kind of steps．
C．Their speeds are the same．
D．They have the same kind of rhythm．
54．If one says"I can dance with a glass of water on my head，"we know thatA．
A．he is a good dancer               
B．he is a beginner
C．he is practising dancing           
D．he is tired of dancing
55．What is the author's purpose in writing the passage？C
A．To tell us to learn waltz
B．To tell us how to dance．
C．To tell us something about waltz
D．To tell us the development of waltz．

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