11.Homeopathy is the oldest form of complementary(互補的)and alternative medicines from Europe.It originated with the German physician Samuel Hahnemann (1755-1843).He came across the cinchona.html"cinchona,the bark of a South American tree that was used by the local people to treat fevers.Among the active ingredients in the bark is quinine(奎寧),which is still used to treat malaria.If a healthy person took cinchona,he or she would have symptoms (癥狀) of malaria.In 1796and 1810,Hahnemann published essays on the theories of homeopathy:substances that cause illnesses or symptoms in people can be used in small doses as treatment.Supporters of homeopathy viewed it as a safe,patient-centered system.Hahnemann claimed he could cure any and all illnesses using homeopathic principles.
However,the Australian council sought to evaluate this claim once and for all.Their assessment was based on the analysis of 57published systematic reviews encompassing 176individual studies,independent evaluation of evidence provided by homeopathy interest groups and the public,and clinical practice guidelines and reports on homeopathy from other governments.Studies were only considered if they were case-controlled,meaning they compared a group of patients receiving homeopathic treatments with a control group.The council who oversaw this review consisted of experts in conventional-based medicine as well as complementary and alternative medicines.As a guideline,for a treatment to be considered effective,it must result in health improvements that cannot be explained by the placebo (安慰劑) effect,these improvements must be meaningful for a person's overall health and the results have to be seen consistently in several studies.A draft of the report was reviewed by a group of independent experts in complementary medicine research and opened up for public consultation before it was finalized.
Eventually,the council found no reliable evidence that homeopathic treatments were effective.Studies that did find homeopathy to be effective were overall of poor scientific quality,used too few patients or lacked evidence on which to base their conclusions.Rejecting proven medical treatments in favor of homeopathy for chronic or potentially serious conditions could place people at risk.As always,use of homeopathic or other remedies should be discussed with your physician in order to make informed healthcare decisions.
62.We can learn from the passage that homeopathy is a system of medicine in whichA.
A.patients are given very small amounts of a drug that produces symptoms in healthy people
B.patients are evaluated by using very small amounts of the substance causing illness or symptoms
C.patients would have symptoms of malaria if they took cinchona
D.patients relying on homeopathy can explain their health improvements by the placebo effect
63.The underlined word"encompassing"can most probably be replaced byD.
A.encouraging
B.searching
C.conducting
D.including
64.When evaluating homeopathic treatments,the Australian council was most concerned aboutC.
A.the source of the data to be analyzed
B.the criteria of an effective treatment
C.the objectivity and reliability of the evaluation
D.the experts involved in the evaluation
65.Which of the following reasons for the ineffectiveness of homeopathic treatments is NOT mentioned in the passage?B
A.Studies about homeopathic treatments were not scientifically accurate.
B.Hahnemann's theories about homeopathic treatments got no response.
C.Conclusions of homeopathic treatments were short of solid evidence.
D.Blind use of homeopathic treatments might put people in danger.
分析 本文屬于說明文閱讀,作者通過這篇文章主要向我們描述了順勢療法是最古老的醫(yī)療形式和來自歐洲的替代藥物.
解答 62.A.細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第一段Among the active ingredients in the bark is quinine(奎寧),which is still used to treat malaria.If a healthy person took cinchona,he or she would have symptoms (癥狀) of malaria可知順勢療法指的是給病人服用少量在健康人身上會產(chǎn)生反應的藥物;故選A.
63.D.詞義猜測題.根據(jù)第二段Their assessment was based on the analysis of 57published systematic reviews encompassing 176individual studies可知他們的評價是基于57個的分析發(fā)表的系統(tǒng)評價包括176個人的研究,用順勢療法的利益集團和公眾提供證據(jù)的獨立評估和臨床實踐指南和其他國家的政府對順勢療法的研究報告;意為包括包含;故選D.
64.C.推理判斷題.根據(jù)文章Eventually,the council found no reliable evidence that homeopathic treatments were effective.Studies that did find homeopathy to be effective were overall of poor scientific quality可知當評估順勢療法時,澳大利亞議會最關心的是客觀性和可靠性的評價;故選C.
65.B.細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)最后一段Eventually,the council found no reliable evidence that homeopathic treatments were effective.Studies that did find homeopathy to be effective were overall of poor scientific quality,used too few patients or lacked evidence on which to base their conclusions.Rejecting proven medical treatments in favor of homeopathy for chronic or potentially serious conditions could place people at risk可知順勢療法中無效的原因有對順勢療法的研究并不科學準確,順勢療法的結(jié)論缺乏確鑿的證據(jù)和使用順勢療法可能會使人處于危險之中;故選B.
點評 考察學生的細節(jié)理解和推理判斷能力,做細節(jié)理解題時一定要找到文章中的原句,和題干進行比較,再做出正確的選擇.在做推理判斷題不要以個人的主觀想象代替文章的事實,要根據(jù)文章事實進行合乎邏輯的推理判斷.