Most damagingly, anger weakens a person’s ability to think clearly and keep control over his behaviour. The angry person loses objectivity in evaluating the emotional significance of the person or situation that arouses his anger.
Not everyone experiences anger in the same way; what angers one person may amuse another. The specific expression of anger also differs from person to person based on biological and cultural forces. In contemporary culture, physical expressions of anger are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated. We no longer regard duels (決斗) as an appropriate expression of anger resulting from one person’s awareness of insulting behaviour on the part of another.
Anger can be identified in the brain, where the electrical activity changes. Under most conditions EEG (腦電圖) measures of electrical activity show balanced activity between the right and left prefrontal (額葉前部) areas. Behaviourally this corresponds to the general even-handed disposition (意向) that most of us possess most of the time. But when we are angry the EEG of the right and left prefrontal areas aren’t balanced and, as a result of this, we’re likely to react. And our behavioural response to anger is different from our response to other emotions, whether positive or negative.
Most positive emotions are associated with approach behaviour: we move closer to people we like. Most negative emotions, in contrast, are associated with avoidance behaviour: we move away from people and things that we dislike or that make us anxious. But anger is an exception to this pattern. The angrier we are, the more likely we are to move towards the object of our anger. This corresponds to what psychologists refer to as of ensive anger: the angry person moves closer in order to influence and control the person or situation causing his anger. This approach-and-confront behaviour is accompanied by a leftward prefrontal asymmetry (不對(duì)稱(chēng)) of EEG activity. Interestingly, this asymmetry lessens if the angry person can experience empathy (同感) towards the individual who is bringing forth the angry response. In defensive anger, in contrast, the EEG asymmetry is directed to the right and the angry person feels helpless in the face of the anger-inspiring situation.
小題1:The “duels” example in Paragraph 2 proves that the expression of anger ________.
A．usually has a biological basis
B．varies among people
C．is socially and culturally shaped
D．influences one’s thinking and evaluation
小題2:What changes can be found in an angry brain?
A．Balanced electrical activity can be spotted.
B．Unbalanced patterns are found in prefrontal areas.
C．Electrical activity corresponds to one’s behaviour.
D．Electrical activity agrees with one’s disposition.
小題3:Which of the following is typical of offensive anger?
A．Approaching the source of anger.
B．Trying to control what is disliked.
C．Moving away from what is disliked.
D．Feeling helpless in the face of anger.
小題4:What is the key message of the last paragraph?
A．How anger differs from other emotions.
B．How anger relates to other emotions.
C．Behavioural responses to anger.
D．Behavioural patterns of anger.

小題1:C  
小題2:B
小題3:A
小題4:D

試題分析：文章大意：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了生氣在人大腦的額葉前部區(qū)域出現(xiàn)不平衡的圖案以及不同的生氣形式。
小題1:C考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章第二段The specific expression of anger also differs from person to person based on biological and cultural forces. In contemporary culture, physical expressions of anger are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated.可以判斷“決斗”的例子證明了生氣的表情是社會(huì)和文化形成的。故C正確。
小題2:B考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第三段，尤其But when we are angry the EEG of right and left prefrontal areas aren’t balances …可以判斷在生氣的時(shí)候，大腦的額葉前部區(qū)域發(fā)現(xiàn)不平衡的圖案。故B正確。
小題3:A考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章最后一段中The angrier we are, the more likely we are to move towards the object of our anger. This corresponds to what psychologists refer to as offensive anger: the angry person moves closer in order to influence and control the person or situation causing his anger.可知典型的攻擊性的生氣是主動(dòng)接近令自己生氣的人或處境。故A正確。
小題4:D考查主旨要義。文章最后一段主要說(shuō)明了offensive anger和defensive anger兩種不同的生氣形式，故其關(guān)鍵信息是Behavioural patterns of anger。故D正確。
練習(xí)冊(cè)系列答案
相關(guān)習(xí)題

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Dear Mom, Clear My Calendar
September is around the corner, and some of us are already complaining about summer’s end. But parents have a special reason to do so. The end of summer means the start of school. And these days, planning a young child’s schedule is a big challenge. The challenge is no longer finding activities to fill a child’s day; it is saying no to the hundreds of options available. Our mailbox is filled with brochures urging us to sign our kids up for classes from cooking to martial arts(武術(shù)).
Educators are themselves discouraged by the number of special classes that many children attend. In the name of “enrichment,” three-year-olds not only go to preschool in the morning but study French or gymnastics after lunch. One teacher tells of a four-year-old asking for help in the toilet before hurrying off to tennis. Another teacher says that children sometimes hold on to her at pickup time. What happened to unstructured time?
A generous explanation is that we enjoy giving children opportunities we never had. The truth however is that many parents have doubts about how much time they spend away from their families. And one way to reduce this guilt is to believe that time spent in these classes is somehow more beneficial to children than the time we know we should be giving them ourselves.
David Elkind, an expert on children, suggests that the 1960s gave birth to the belief that earlier is better. Parents hope that early music lessons, for example will build a child’s confidence. The truth, however, is that any time children are asked to do too much, too soon, they are at greater risk for feelings of failure.
A child’s time does not have to be planned to be meaningful. Remember the lazy days of summer? Some children sleep late and play with the kids across the street until it’s time to come home for dinner. However, with the majority of mothers working, fewer children enjoy that idle (空閑的) time now.
Come September, children across the country will finish a full day of kindergarten, only to attend an after-school program until 6 P.M., when a working mom or dad comes to take them home. That’s too much for a five-year old. Finances, of course, do limit some parents. But let’s be honest with ourselves – our own busy schedules, whatever they involve, are no excuse for burdening a young child’s.
小題1: The author holds that it’s a challenge to plan a schedule for a child mainly because _____.
A．a(chǎn) child’s schedule is too complex
B．a(chǎn)ctivities suitable for kids are limited
C．parents are stuck in numerous choices
D．children always say no to parents’ advice
小題2: What the two teachers say in Paragraph 2 implies that _____.
A．children love to stay at school
B．they are popular with children
C．children dislike after-school classes
D．a(chǎn)fter-school classes are of poor quality
小題3: According to the author, what is the real reason for parents to send their children to after-school classes?
A．Parents want to make up for their own regrets.
B．After-school classes develop children’s potential.
C．Parents have doubt about their own ability to guide children.
D．After-school classes give parents an excuse for being absent.
小題4:Which of the following will the author probably agree with?
A．For children’s benefits, the earlier the better.
B．Children’s spare time should be carefully designed.
C．Idle time for children is becoming a thing of the past.
D．Parents should be forgiven if they have a good reason.,

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

NEWS BRIEF
●Prime Minister Tony Blair new allegations(指控) on Thursday that he misled Parliament and the public in making the case for the war in Iraq after he disclosed his chief legal adviser’s written opinion raising questions about the legality(合法) of the war.
●U.S. Forest Service officials are reminding people to stay off Forest Service roads that are closed. The fine for disobeying the rule of road closures is a maximum of ＄5,000 fine and/ or six months in prison. Those who enter the area and cause road damage may also be required to pay for repairs.
●In a second study presented at the meeting, scientists from the UK and Denmark showed that even a few days of high temperatures can severely reduce production of crops such as wheat,  soybeans, rice and groundnuts, if it occurs when the plants are flowering.
●A bomb exploded in Thailand’s mainly Muslin south on Sunday, killing two policemen and wounding three others, a day after Thailand’s queen condemned those behind a 15-month wave of violence(暴力).
●Mechanicsburg 3, West York 1: Ken Stamper and Rusty Bowman had seven kills each, and Ryan Warfield had six to lead the Wildcats past the Bulldogs, 25-11, 25-15, 15-25, 25-23, in a non-league match.
小題1:The news brief covers _____________.     
A．war, law, violence, culture and agriculture
B．sports, war, violence, politics and climate
C．politics, culture, violence, climate and sports
D．violence, sports, politics, law and agriculture
小題2:From the news brief, we can learn that ____________.
A．the Bulldogs defeated the Wildcats by 3-1 in a non-league match
B．Forest Service roads are closed for repairs before they are opened again
C．quite a few violent accidents happened in Tailand before the latest one
D．the British people think the decision made by Blair about the war is of legaliry
小題3:According to the U.S. Forest Service officials, those who enter the area and damage the closed roads __________.
A．shall have to pay a $ 5,000 fine for the repairs to them
B．shall be fined or put in prison, and may pay for the repairs
C．shall be fined $ 5,000 and kept in prison for six months
D．shall pay a fine and repair the roads as a punishment
小題4:The study of the scientists from the UK and Denmark is about ____________.
A．the importance of climate and the growth of crops
B．the damage caused by high temperatures to some crops
C．the relationship between crops flowering and high temperatures
D．the effect of high temperatures on the production of some crops

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Going green seems to be a fad(時(shí)尚) for a lot of people these days. Whether that is good or bad, we can’t really say, but for the two of us, going green is not a fad but a lifestyle.
On April 22,2012, we decided to go green every single day for an entire year. This meant doing 365 different green things, and It also meant challenging ourselves to go green beyond the easy things. Rather than recycle and reduce our energy, we had to think of 365 different green things to do and this was no easy task.
With the idea of going green every single day for a year, Our Green Year started. My wife and I decided to educate people about how they could go green in their lives and hoped we could show people all the green things that could be done to help the environment. We wanted to push the message that every little bit helps.
Over the course of Our Green Year, we completely changed our lifestyles. We now shop at organic(有機(jī)的) stores. We consume less meat, choosing green food. We have greatly reduced our buying we don’t need. We have given away half of what we owned through websites. Our home is kept clean by vinegar and lemon juice, with no chemical cleaners. We make our own butter, enjoying the smell of home-made fresh bread. In our home office anyone caught doing something ungreen might be punished.
Our minds have been changed by Our Green Year. We are grateful for the chance to have been able to go green and educate others. We believe that we do have the power to change things and help our planet.
小題1:What might be the best title for the passage?
A．Going GreenB．Protecting the Planet
C．Keeping Open-MindedD．Celebrating Our Green Year
小題2:It was difficult for the couple to live a green life for the whole year because        .
A．they were expected to follow the green fad
B．they didn’t know how to educate other people
C．they were unwilling to reduce their energy
D．they needed to perform unusual green tasks
小題3:What did the couple do over the course of Our Green Year?
A．They tried to get out of their ungreen habits.
B．They ignored others’ ungreen behavior.
C．They chose better chemical cleaners.
D．They sold their home-made food.
小題4:What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．The government will give support to the green project.
B．The couple may continue their project in the future.
C．Some people disagree with the couple’s green ideas.
D．Our Green Year is becoming a national campaign.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

It’s generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes. They recycle their garbage because they care about the environment. They pay $5 for a caramel brulee latte because they like expensive coffee drinks.
It’s undeniable that behavior comes from our inner dispositions（性情）, but in many instances we also draw inferences about who we are, as suggested by the social psychologist Daryl Bern, by observing our own behavior. We can be strangers to ourselves. If we knew our own minds, why should we need to guess what our preferences are from our behavior? If our minds were an open book, we would know exactly how much we care about the environment or like lattes. Actually, we often need to look to our behavior to figure out who we are.
Moreover, we don’t just use our behavior to learn about our particular types of character --- we infer characters that weren’t there before. Our behavior is often shaped by little pressures around us, which we fail to recognize. Maybe we recycle because our wives and neighbors would disapprove if we didn’t. Maybe we buy lattes in order to impress the people around us. We should not mistakenly believe that we always behave as a result of some inner disposition.
Whatever pressures there can be or inferences one can make, people become what they do, though it may not be in compliance（符合）with their true desires. Therefore, we should all bear in mind Kurt Vonnegut’s advice: “We are what we pretend to be, so we must be careful about what we pretend to be.”
小題1:According to the passage, personalities and attitudes are commonly believed to _______.
A．determine one’s behaviorB．reflect one’s taste
C．influence one’s surroundingsD．result from one’s habits
小題2:Which of the following would Daryl Bern most probably agree with?
A．The return of a wallet can indicate one’s honesty.
B．A kind person will offer his seat to the old.
C．One recycles plastics to protect the environment.
D．One buys latte out of love of coffee.
小題3:What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in the passage?
A．We fail to realize our inner dispositions.
B．We can be influenced by outside pressures.
C．Our behavior is the result of our true desires.
D．Our characters can shape our social relationships.
小題4:What does the author mainly discusses in the passage?
A．Personalities and attitudes.B．Preferences and habits.
C．Behavior and personalities.D．Attitudes and preferences.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The kids in this village wear dirty, ragged clothes. They sleep beside cows and sheep in huts made of sticks and mud. They have no school. Yet they all can chant the English alphabet, and some can make words.
The key to their success: 20 tablet computers(平板電腦) dropped off in their Ethiopian village in February by a U.S. group called One Laptop Per Child.
The goal is to find out whether kids using today’s new technology can teach themselves to read in places where no schools or teachers exist. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology researchers analyzing the project data say they’re already amazed. “What I think has already happened is that the kids have already learned more than they would have in one year of kindergarten,” said Matt Keller, who runs the Ethiopia program.
The fastest learner—and the first to turn on one of the tablets—is 8-year-old Kelbesa Negusse. The device’s camera was disabled to save memory, yet within weeks Kelbesa had figured out its workings and made the camera work. He called himself a lion, a marker of accomplishment in Ethiopia.
With his tablet, Kelbasa rearranged the letters HSROE into one of the many English animal names he knows. Then he spelled words on his own. “Seven months ago he didn’t know any English. That’s unbelievable,” said Keller.
The project aims to get kids to a stage called “deep reading,” where they can read to learn. It won’t be in Amharic, Ethiopia’s first language, but in English, which is widely seen as the ticket to higher paying jobs.
小題1:How does the Ethiopia program benefit the kids in the village?
A．It trains teachers for them.
B．It contributes to their self-study.
C．It helps raise their living standards.
D．It provides funds for building schools.
小題2:What can we infer from Keller’s words in Paragraph 3?
A．They need more time to analyze data.
B．More children are needed for the research.
C．He is confident about the future of the project.
D．The research should be carried out in kindergartens.
小題3:It amazed Keller that with the tablet Kelbesa could _______.
A．learn English words quickly.
B．draw pictures of animals.
C．write letters to researchers.
D．make phone calls to his friends.
小題4:What is the aim of the project?
A．To offer Ethiopians higher paying jobs.
B．To make Amharic widely used in the world.
C．To help Ethiopian kids read to learn in English.
D．To assist Ethiopians in learning their first language.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Choosing the Right Resolution (決定)
Millions of Americans began 2014 with the same resolution they started 2013 with, a goal of losing weight. However, setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake.
To reach our goal of losing weight --- the output, we need to control what we eat --- the input ( 輸入). That is, we tend to care about the output but not to control the input. This is a bad way to construce goals. The alternative is to focus your resolution on the input. Instead of resolving to lose weight, try an actionable resolution: “I’ll stop having desert for lunch,” or “I’ll walk every day for 20 minutes.” Creating a goal that focuses on a well-specified input will likely be more effective than concentrating on the outcome.
Recently a new science behind incentives (激勵(lì)) , including in education, has been discussed. For example, researcher Roland Fryer wanted to see what works best in motivating children to do better in school. In some cases, he gave students incentives based on input, like reading certain books, while in others, the incentives were based on output, like results on exams. His main finding was that incentives increased achievement when based on input but had no effect on output. Fryer’s conclusion was that the intensives for inputs might be more effective because do not knoe how to do better on exam, aside from general rules like “study harder.” Reading certain books, on the other hand, is a well-set task over which they have much more control.
As long as you have direct control over your goal, you have a much higher chance of success. And it’s easier to start again if you fail, because you know exactly what you need to do.
If you want to cut down on your spending, a good goal would be making morning coffee at home instead of going to a cafe, for example. This is a well-specified action-based goal for which you can measure your success easily. Spending less money isn’t a goal because it’s too general. Similarly, if you want to spend more time with your family, don’t stop with this general wish. Think bout an actionable habit that you could adopt and stick to, like a family movie night every Wednesday.
In the long run, these new goals could become a habit.
小題1:The writer thinks that setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake because _______ .
A．it is hard to achieve for most Americans
B．it is focused too much on the result
C．it is dependent on too many things
D．it is based on actionable decisions
小題2:In Roland Fryer’s research, some students did better than the others because ______ .
A．they obeyed all the general rules
B．they paid more attention to exams
C．they were motivated by their classmates
D．they were rewarded for reading some books
小題3:According to the writer, which of the following statements is a good goal?
A．“I’ll give up desert.”
B．“I’ll study harder.”
C．“I’ll cut down my expense”
D．“I’ll spend more time with my family”
小題4:The writer strongly believes that we should ________ .
A．develop good habits and focus on the outcome
B．be optimistic about final goals and stick to them
C．pick specific actions that can be turned into good habits
D．set ambitious goals that can balance the input ang output

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：完形填空

It’s a delicate（棘手的）time — if not every parent’s worst nightmare — when a child enters adolescence. 
Not only are their bodies __   _ physically , but hormones (荷爾蒙) are spreading violently and bad moods are in full swing (活躍).Katie Couric spoke with Dr. Barbara Greenberg, a parenting expert and clinical psychologist , all about how parents can _  _ with their teens , and finally get some answers .Every parent wants to know what is going on inside their teenager’s _   ___, and while the normal instinct (本能) is to give them the third degree (盤(pán)問(wèn)) about their day , Dr Greenberg strongly _  __ us not to question teens closely for long , who are _  __ to get upset or excited all of a sudden.
      direct, general questions like “How was your day?” or “How was the date?”. Teens will respond more positively to        questions like “How was the movie?”      they aren’t ready to give you a whole bunch of information at once. Listening is an important part of any       , and interrupting your child may not get you much       .
Most adolescents are discovering who they are and how they        society. While it might seem that their eyes are laden with laser beams (激光束) and you are their next target, they are also under a lot of pressure, both socially and academically. Let them        themselves freely; this is their way of telling you about their       .
Even though the idea isn’t “cool”, research has found that about 80% of teens admire and want to spend time with their parents. Teens really love their parents!
     , but believe it. They are        between wanting that precious independence and        mom and dad.
Show your kids at an early age that it’s okay to talk about anything at home.        like drugs, sex and alcohol can be scary for both        to discuss, but having these conversations has been proven to help teens keep a healthy lifestyle.
It is totally possible to        a strong relationship with your teen! Just remember to stay calm,      what they have to say, and don’t take that sigh when you ask about their homework too personally.
小題1:
A．promotingB．changingC．enlargingD．increasing
小題2:
A．talkB．liveC．dealD．fight
小題3:
A．roomB．bodyC．schoolD．head
小題4:
A．suggestsB．a(chǎn)ppealsC．encouragesD．persuades
小題5:
A．supposedB．concernedC．wantedD．expected
小題6:
A．IgnoreB．AskC．EscapeD．Avoid
小題7:
A．commonB．indirectC．a(chǎn)ccurateD．specific
小題8:
A．unlessB．becauseC．ifD．when
小題9:
A．thought B．understandingC．conversationD．saying
小題10:
A．responseB．loveC．newsD．a(chǎn)ttitude
小題11:
A．fit intoB．put intoC．object toD．respond to
小題12:
A．examineB．teachC．enjoyD．express
小題13:
A．dayB．futureC．failuresD．studies
小題14:
A．ExcitingB．DisappointingC．Shocking D．Frightening
小題15:
A．fightingB．strugglingC．concerningD．pushing
小題16:
A．carrying on withB．holding on toC．keeping up withD．keeping out of
小題17:
A．WorriesB．ConversationsC．TopicsD．Questions
小題18:
A．partiesB．peopleC．membersD．families
小題19:
A．graspB．findC．hangD．keep
小題20:
A．be silentB．keep smilingC．listen toD．be friendly

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

If you want to help children develop language and speech skills, UCLA researchers say, listening to what they have to say is just as important as talking to them.

The effect of a conversation between a child and an adult is about six times as great as the effect of adult speech input(輸入)alone, the researchers found. “Adults speaking to children helps language develop, but what matters much more is the interaction, ”said the study’s lead author, Frederick   Zimmerman, an associate professor in the School of Public Health at the University of California, Los Angeles.  The researchers also found that TV viewing didn’t have much of an effect—positively or negatively—as long as it wasn’t displacing conversations between an adult and a child.
The UCLA study included 275 families with children between 2 months and 48 months old.  They represented a variety of incomes and education.  The researchers found that, in an average day, children heard about 13, 000 spoken words from adults and participated in about 400 adult-child conversations a day.
Assessed separately, factors positively associated with language development included each additional 100 conversations a day and each 1, 000 words increase in the number of words spoken by adults and heard by children.  When looked at alone, TV was negatively associated with language development.  But, when these three factors were analyzed together, the only one that stood out was conversation between adults and children.
“The more a child speaks and interacts with an adult, the better idea a parent has about where the child is”, Zimmerman said. “Although it’s mostly done unconsciously, parents will provide feedback and correct mistakes.  They’ll also tailor their speech to the child.  Parents can give the children words by talking to them about what they’re doing, such as, ‘I’m putting on your pajamas now’.  But give your child the opportunity to talk, hopefully without the rest of the noise in the environment, ”she added. “If parents can carve out some conversation time—maybe at bath time or at dinner time—that’s a wonderful thing. ”
小題1: The researchers also found that TV viewing　　　　.
A．could have a positive effect on a child’s language development
B．had a little effect on a child’s language development
C．a(chǎn)ffected a child’s language development more negatively than positively
D．a(chǎn)ffected a child’s language development both negatively and positively
小題2:Frederick Zimmerman would probably agree that　　　　.
A．parents should let their children talk most of the time
B．children should watch TV programs selectively
C．the conversation between parents and children should be two-way
D．it’s no good for parents to correct their children’s mistakes when they are speaking
小題3: We can conclude from the last paragraph that　　　　.
A．parents should let a child repeat what he or she says
B．bath time or dinner time is the best chance for parents to talk to a child
C．parent-child conversation can be carried out at any proper time
D．parents should leave a child talking alone
小題4: What would be the best title for the passage?
A．Talk with kids, not at them
B．Let your children voice their own opinions
C．How to develop a child’s language ability
D．The importance of early child language development
小題5:The underlined word “tailor” in the last paragraph can be best replaced by　　　　.
A．controlB．improve
C．pass D．a(chǎn)djust

查看答案和解析>>

同步練習(xí)冊(cè)答案