People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in distinguishing facial expressions--and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why．
Rachael Jack, University of Glasgow researcher, said that rather than scanning evenly across a face as Westerners do, Easterners fix their attention on the eyes．
“We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions,” Jack said．“Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and ignore the mouth．”
The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral．They compared how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies．
It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than Westerners did．“The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions,” Jack said．“Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotion, Easterners use the eyes more and mouth less．”
In short, the data show that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion．From here on, examining how cultural factors have diversified these basic social skills will help our understanding of human emotion．Otherwise, when it comes to communicating emotions across cultures, Easterners and Westerners will find themselves lost in translation．
小題1:The discovery shows that Westerners _______.
A．pay equal attention to the eyes and the mouth
B．consider facial expressions universally reliable
C．observe the eyes and the mouth in different ways
D．have more difficulty in recognizing facial expressions
小題2:What were the people asked to do in the study?
A．To make a face at each other．B．To get their faces impressive．
C．To classify some face pictures．D．To observe the researchers’ faces．
小題3:What does the underlined word "they" in Paragraph 5 refer to?
A．The participants in the study．B．The researchers of the study．
C．The errors made during the study．D．The data collected from the study．
小題4:In comparison with Westerners, Easterners are likely to ________.
A．do translation more successfullyB．study the mouth more frequently
C．examine the eyes more attentivelyD．read facial expressions more correctly
小題5:What can be the best title for the passage?
A．The Eye as the Window to the Soul
B．Cultural Differences in Reading Emotions
C．Effective Methods to Develop Social Skills
D．How to Increase Cross-cultural Understanding

小題1:A
小題1:C
小題1:A
小題1:C
小題1:B
【語篇解讀】本文為科普說明文。主要介紹了最新的科學(xué)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：東方人比西方人更難于讀懂他人的面部表情。
小題1:細節(jié)理解題 解析：根據(jù)第三段 “Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and neglect (忽略) the mouth. ” 可以得出答案
小題1:細節(jié)理解題 解析：根據(jù)第五段 “…by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of. expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral. ”可以判斷選C
小題1:詞義猜測解析：根據(jù)定語從句 “that they show”所修飾的 eye movements 在研究中為the participants 所作（從the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people”可知）可判斷選A
小題1:細節(jié)理解題 解析：根據(jù)第六段 “It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than did Westerners. ”可判斷選C
小題1:主旨大意題 解析：文章首先指出科學(xué)研究的最新發(fā)現(xiàn)：東方人比西方人更難于讀懂人的面部表情。之后更具體地介紹研究的結(jié)構(gòu)及其研究過程，最后得出結(jié)論：文化差異豐富了理解情感的基本社會技巧，即：不同的文化背景使人理解他人情感的方式也不盡相同。由此判斷最佳標題應(yīng)為B
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


A new argument has been put forward as to whether penguins are disturbed by the presence of tourists in Antarctica.  
Previous research by scientists from Keil University in Germany monitored Adelie penguins and noted that the birds’ heart rates increased dramatically at the sight of a human as far as 30 meters away.  But new research using an artificial egg, which is equipped to measure heart rates, disputes this.  Scientists from the Scott Polar Research Institute at Cambridge say that a slow moving human who does not approach the nest too closely, is not viewed as a threat by penguins. 
The earlier findings have been used to partly explain the 20 per cent drop in populations of certain types of penguins near tourist sites.  However, tour operators have continued to insist that their activities do not adversely affect wildlife in Antarctica, saying they encourage non-disruptive behavior in tourists, and that the decline in penguin numbers is caused by other factors.
Amanda Nimon of the Scott Polar Research Institute spent three southern hemisphere summers at Cuverville Island in Antarctica studying penguin behavior towards humans.  “A nesting penguin will react very differently to a person rapidly and closely approaching the nest,” says Nimon.  “First they exhibit large and prolonged heart rate changes and then they often flee the nest leaving it open for predators (掠奪者) to fly in and remove eggs or chicks.”  The artificial egg, specially for the project, monitored both the parent who had been ‘disturbed’ when the egg was placed in the nest and the other parent as they both took it in turns to guard the nest.
However, Boris Culik, who monitored the Adelie penguins, believes that Nimon’s findings do not invalidate his own research.  He points out that species behave differently – and Nimon’s work was with Gentoo penguins.  Nimon and her colleagues believe that Culik’s research was methodologically flawed because the monitoring of penguins’ responses needed capturing and restraining the birds and fitting them with beart-rate transmitters.  Therefore, argues Nimon, it would not be surprising if they became stressed on seeing a human subsequently.
小題1:According to the passage, what overall message is presented?
A．No firm conclusions are drawn.
B．Neither Culik’s nor Nimon’s findings are of much value.
C．Penguin reduction is closed related to tourist behavior.
D．Tourists are not responsible for the fall in penguin numbers.
小題2:Which ONE argument of the following is stated in the passage?
A．Penguins are harder to research when they have young.
B．Tour operators should encourage tourists to avoid Antarctica.
C．Not all penguins behave in the same way.
D．Penguins need better protection from tourists.
小題3:What do you notice about the views presented in the passage?
A．They are groundless.
B．They are factual.
C．They are descriptive.
D．They are conflicting.
小題4:What does the underlined word (final line) probably mean?
A．later on
B．carmly
C．separately
D．in the same place

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Many everyday American expressions are based on colors.
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Pink is a lighter kind of color. People sometimes say they are in the pink when they are in good health. It probably comes from the fact that many babies are born with a nice pink color that shows that they are in good health.
Blue is a cool color. The traditional blues music in the United States is the opposite of red hot music. Blues is slow, sad and soulful. Someone who is blue is very sad.
The color green is natural for trees and grass. But it is an unnatural color for humans. A person who has a sick stomach may say he feels a little green. A passenger on a boat who is feeling very sick from high waves may look very green. If a person is green at his job, he may be a newcomer and inexperienced. Sometimes a person may be upset because he does not have something as nice as a friend has, like a new sports car. That person may say he is green with envy. Some people are green with envy because their friend has more dollars.
The color black is used often in expressions. People describe a day in which everything goes wrong as a black day. The date of a major tragedy is remembered as a black day.
小題1:If a person feels blue, he is _____.
A．a(chǎn)nnoyedB．depressedC．stressedD．encouraged
小題2:If someone says “you are still green”, he probably means that _______.
A．you are very youngB．you are in a bad moodC．you are inexperiencedD．you are in good health
小題3:Which of the following statements is CORRECT according to the passage?
A．After two days’ rest, the soldiers were all in the pink.
B．They had a fierce quarrel so they all felt black about it.
C．David got hurt by a bike so his face looked blue.
D．When we meet something unfair, we feel very green.
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A．Different colors have different meanings.
B．What different colors stand for.
C．The story about different colors.
D．Colors used in American expressions.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

完形填空 (20%):
Recently I paid a visit to Harvard University, where there are top class scientists and professors and the best academic system in the world.
I was very      when I first stepped onto the campus(校園). Well, it’s not even really a campus. It's      like an area in a small town.
Harvard's main buildings are from the 18th century.They look very old and      . You might        say they’re a little shabby(破舊). They don’t fit the modern 40   of university at all. The buildings are surrounded by     and trees, so I felt as if I had walked into a castle of the Mid-Ages. But when I looked across the street, the     shops and in-fashion(時尚的) students made me feel like I was in the 21st century       . It creates a strong contrast(對比)and brings a special 41   to the school.
Our tents       Gary took us around told us.“You see this grass field in the center of the school?Here is where they hold their     ceremony .They just set up tents and benches and have a very simple ceremony.” It's     ! Who would think the most talented students just graduate on the grass?
I      some students put a blanket on the grass and lie down to read a book. When I listened to the soft sound of      turning, along with the singing of the birds, I felt very      .There was no competitive felling at all.
Harvard has the world’s first computer in its science centre      there are hundreds of high-end computers, too. Its religion(宗教) and the literature departments are also     the best. It is the perfect mix of tradition and    technology.It makes Harvard a very attractive place to      in.
I hope one day I’ll      my dream school --- Harvard.
小題1:
A．upsetB．troubledC．shockedD．tired
小題2:
A．moreB．lessC．muchD．most
小題3:
A．greatB．solidC．noisyD．simple
小題4:
A．stillB．evenC．everD．yet
小題5:
A．modelB．wayC．ideaD．example
小題6:
A．grassB．stonesC．plantsD．flowers
小題7:
A．emptyB．quietC．freeD．busy
小題8:
A．onceB．a(chǎn)gainC．onlyD．then
小題9:
A．environmentB．sceneC．a(chǎn)tmosphere(氛圍)D．condition
小題10:
A．guideB．partnerC．visitorD．professor
小題11:
A．celebrationB．closingC．openingD．graduation
小題12:
A．uninterestingB．unbelievableC．unbearableD．
uncomfortable
小題13:
A．hadB．sawC．feltD．imagined
小題14:
A．booksB．benchesC．blanketsD．pages
小題15:
A．luckyB．calmC．nervousD．happy
小題16:
A．butB．a(chǎn)ndC．thoughD．yet
小題17:
A．inB．beyondC．a(chǎn)mongD．under
小題18:
A．oldB．newC．fastD．fresh
小題19:
A．readB．liveC．studyD．tour
小題20:
A．serveB．a(chǎn)ttendC．findD．visit

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People eat different things in different parts of the world.
In some countries, people eat   36  every day. Sometimes they eat it two or  37  times a day, for breakfast, lunch and supper. They can   38  it, fry it or make it into rice flour（面粉）. They usually eat it   39  meat, fish and vegetables.
Some people do not eat some kind of   40 . Muslims, for example, do not eat pork.
The   41   eat a lot of fish. Japan is an island and its   42  go all over the Pacific looking for fish to   43  . The Japanese sometimes eat uncooked fish, and they also eat a lot of rice.
In   44  such as Britain and the United States of America, the most important food is   45  or potatoes. People there usually make their bread from wheat flour. They   46  potatoes in different ways. They can boil them and fry them.
In Africa, corn is the most important   47  like rice and wheat. Corn is a kind of cereal（谷類食物）. African people make the corn   48  flour. From the flour they make   49  kinds of bread and cakes. Many Africans are very   50  and so they can’t afford to eat much   51  with their cereal.
Cereal and meat are very important, but we also   52  plenty of vegetables and lots of fresh fruit.
Some people   53  only fruit and vegetables. They do not eat meat or fish or  54  that comes from animals. They eat only food from   55  . Some people say that food from plants is better for us than meat.
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A．fishB．meatC．riceD．wheat
小題2:
A．fiveB．fourC．oneD．three
小題3:
A．boilB．drinkC．eatD．have
小題4:
A．a(chǎn)sB．likeC．togetherD．with
小題5:
A．a(chǎn)pplesB．fishC．meatD．vegetables
小題6:
A．AmericansB．ChineseC．EnglishD．Japanese
小題7:
A．fishing boatsB．lifeboatsC．planesD．trains
小題8:
A．buyB．catchC．holdD．weigh
小題9:
A．developingB．Eastern countriesC．the worldD．Western countries
小題10:
A．breadB．cakesC．riceD．vegetables
小題11:
A．cookB．eatC．makeD．take
小題12:
A．foodB．mealC．porkD．thing
小題13:
A．fromB．intoC．ofD．up of
小題14:
A．a(chǎn)llB．differentC．the sameD．two
小題15:
A．healthyB．poorC．richD．weak
小題16:
A．cornB．meatC．riceD．wheat
小題17:
A．buyB．likeC．needD．plant
小題18:
A．cookB．eatC．harvestD．hate
小題19:
A．a(chǎn)nythingB．porkC．riceD．vegetables
小題20:
A．a(chǎn)pplesB．fishC．pigsD．plants

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

American is a mobile society. Friendships between Americans can be close and real, yet disappear soon if situations change. Neither side feels hurt by this. Both may exchange Christmas greetings for a year or two, perhaps a few letters for a while—then no more. If the same two people meet again by chance, even years later, they pick up the friendship. This can be quite difficult for us Chinese to understand, because friendships between us flower more slowly but then may become lifelong feelings, extending (延伸) sometimes deeply into both families.
Americans are ready to receive us foreigners at their homes, share their holidays, and their home life. They will enjoy welcoming us and be pleased if we accept their hospitality (好客) easily.
Another difficult point for us Chinese to understand Americans is that although they include us warmly in their personal everyday lives, they don’t show their politeness to us if it requires a great deal of time. This is usually the opposite of the practice in our country where we may be generous with our time.Sometimes , we, as hosts, will appear at airports even in the middle of the night to meet a friend. We may take days off to act as guides to our foreign friends. The Americans, however, express their welcome usually at homes, but truly can not manage the time to do a great deal with a visitor outside their daily routine (常規(guī)). They will probably expect us to get ourselves from the airport to our own hotel by bus. And they expect that we will phone them from there. Once we arrive at their homes, the welcome will be full, warm and real. We will find ourselves treated hospitably.
For the Americans, it is often considered more friendly to invite a friend to their homes than to go to restaurants, except for purely business matters. So accept their hospitality at home!
小題1:The writer of this passage must be ____.
A．a(chǎn)n AmericanB． a ChineseC．a(chǎn) professorD．a(chǎn) student
小題2: Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Friendships between Americans usually extend deeply into their family.
B．Friendships between Americans usually last for all their lives.
C．Americans always show their warmth even if they are very busy.
D．Americans will continue their friendships again even after a long break.
小題3: From the last two paragraphs we can learn that when we arrive in America to visit an American friends, we will probably be ___.
A．warmly welcomed at the airportB．offered a ride to his home
C．treated hospitably at his homeD．treated to dinner in a restaurant
小題4:From the underlined sentence, we can know the Chinese people  ____.
A．a(chǎn)re strict with timeB．don’t take time seriously
C．don’t know how to use timeD．a(chǎn)re willing to spend time for friends
小題5:A suitable title for this passage would probably be “____”
A．Friendships between ChineseB．Friendships between Americans
C．Americans’ hospitalityD．Americans’ and Chinese’s views of friendship

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Some places in the world have strange laws. It’s important for you to know about them before going there.
People who like to chew gum(口香糖) may have to leave Singapore. The government really wants to keep the city clean and will fine you for chewing gum.
Before you leave for the United Arab Emirates you’d better make sure you aren’t visiting during Ramadan(齋月). During that time you aren’t allowed to eat or drink in public. Tourists have been fined up to $275 for drinking in public.
Lovers spend so much time kissing each other goodbye at train stations that trains often start late. This law — no kissing your lover goodbye at train stations – is rather old, and isn’t in use today in France.
In Thailand it’s against the law to drive a car or motorcycle without a shirt on, no matter how hot it is. Punishments are different in different areas and can include warnings and tickets costing about $10. No joke -- the local police will stop you.
Studies in Denmark have shown that cars with their headlights on are more noticeable by other drivers than those with their headlights off. Drivers there are required to leave their headlights on even during the day, or they may face a fine up to $100.
Do you often buy things using coins? Don’t do it in Canada. The Currency Law of 1985 doesn’t allow using only coins to buy things. Even the use of the dollar-coin is limited (受限制的). The shop owner has the right to choose whether to take your coins or not.
Make sure you know about these laws before your next trip. Better safe than sorry.
小題1:What is mainly talked about in the text?
A．How to make your trip around the world safe.
B．Why there are strange laws in the world.
C．Some strange laws you should know about for your trip.
D．interesting places you can go to around the world.
小題2:If you are driving a car in Thailand, _____.
A．the police will play a joke on you
B．you should wear your shirt even though it’s hot
C．the police will give you tickets costing about $10
D．you should always keep your headlights on
小題3: What can we learn from the text?
A．The Singaporean government cares a lot about its environment.
B．Kissing goodbye at train stations isn’t allowed in France today.
C．Tourists in the United Arab Emirates shouldn’t eat in public.
D．You can turn your headlights off in daytime in Denmark.
小題4:What do we know about the strange law in Canada?
A．It is a newly invented law.B．You aren’t allowed to use dollar-coins.
C．You will be fined if you use coins.D．Shop owners can decide if you can use coins.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

It's really true what people say about English politeness: it's everywhere．When squeezing past someone in a narrow aisle, people say "sorry"．When getting off a bus, English passengers say "thank you" rather than the driver．In Germany, people would never dream of doing these things．
After all, squeezing past others sometimes can't be avoided．a(chǎn)nd the bus driver is merely doing his job．I used lo think the same way, without questioning it, until I started traveling to the British Isles and came to appreciate some more polite ways of communicating with people．
People thank each other everywhere in England, all the time．When people buy something in a shop, customer and retail assistant in most cases thank each other twice or more．In Germany, it would be exceptional to hear more than one thank you in such a conversation．British students thank their lecturers when leaving the room．English employers thank their employees for doing their jobs as opposed to Germans, who would normally think that paying their workers money is already enough．
Another thing I observed during my stay was that English people rarely criticize others．Even when I was working and mistakes were pointed out to me．my employers stressed several times but none of their explanations were intended as criticism．It has been my impression that by avoiding criticism, English people are making an effort to make others feel comfortable．This also is shown in other ways．British men still open doors for women, and British men are more likely to treat women to a meal than German men．However, 1 do need to point out here that this applies to English men a bit more than it would to Scottish men' Yes, the latter are a bit tightfisted．
小題1:What is the author's attitude towards English politeness?
A．He appreciates itB．He gives no personal opinion
C．He thinks it is artificialD．He thinks it goes too far．
小題2:What can we learn about customers and retail assistants in Germany?
A．It's always a retail assistant who says thank you．
B．A customer never says thank you to a retail assistant．
C．They always say thank you to each other．
D．They may say thank you only once．
小題3:We can learn from the last paragraph that Scottish men _____．
A．a(chǎn)re more likely to be involved in a fighting．
B．a(chǎn)re not so willing to spend money for women．
C．a(chǎn)re more polite than English men.
D．treat women in a polite way.
小題4:The author develops the text through the method of        .
A．giving commentsB．telling stories
C．making comparisonsD．giving reasons

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The UK has a well-respected higher education system and some of the top universities in the world. But to those who are new to it all, it can be something confusing.
October is usually the busiest month in the academic calendar (學(xué)習(xí)日程表). Universities have something called Freshers’ Week for their newcomers. It’s a great opportunity to make new friends, join lots of clubs and settle into university life.
However, having just left the comfort of home and all your friends behind, meeting lots of strangers in big halls can be uneasy. Where do you start? Who should you make friends with? Which clubs should you join?
Luckily, there will be thousands of others in the same boat as you are worried about starting their university social life. So just take it all in slowly. Don’t rush into anything that you’ll regret for the next three years.
Here are some top tips from past students on how to survive Freshers’ Week:
·Make sure you know something about the British social customs. Have a few wine glasses and snacks handy for your housemates and friends.
·Sometimes cups of tea or even sweets can give you a head start in making friends.
·The more active you are, the more likely you’ll be to meet new people than if you’re someone who never leaves his rooms.
·Keep your door open when you’re in and that sends positive messages to your neighbors that you’re friendly.
So with a bit of clever planning, Freshers’ Week can give you a great start to your university life and soon you’ll be passing on your wisdom to next year’s newcomers.
小題1:Which of the following statements is FALSE according to the passage?
A．October is generally the busiest month for universities.
B．It’s a good idea to put a doorstop in your door.
C．A bit of planning can make Freshers’ Week easier.
D．The first week of your every year at university is called Freshers’ Week.
小題2:We can infer from the 4th paragraph that ______.
A．the newcomers usually miss the days living at home
B．most of the students in the UK spend three years in universities
C．many freshers are worried about how to fit university life
D．a(chǎn)ll the new students will make new friends and join certain clubs
小題3:Why does the author suggest having wine glasses and snacks handy?
A．To pass the busy university life.B．To help make friends with other freshers.
C．To show yourself a drinker as others.D．To pass the time in a happy way.
小題4:The main purpose of writing this passage is to ______.
A．tell the newcomers how to make a new start in universities
B．introduce something about higher education system of the UK
C．discuss something about the Freshers’ Week in the UK
D．a(chǎn)dvise the freshmen how to behave well in the beginning

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