Sustainable development is applied to just about everything from energy to clean water and economic growth, and as a result it has become difficult to question either the basic assumptions behind it or the way the concept is put to use．This is especially true in agriculture, where sustainable development is often taken as the sole measure of progress without a proper appreciation of historical and cultural perspectives．
To start with, it is important to remember that the nature of agriculture has changed markedly throughout history, and will continue to do so ．Medieval agriculture in northern Europe fed, clothed and sheltered a predominantly rural society with a much lower population density than it is today．It had minimal effect on biodiversity, and any pollution it brought about was typically localized．In terms of energy use and the nutrients captured in the product it was relatively inefficient．
Contrast this with farming since the start of the industrial revolution．Competition from overseas led farmers to specialize and increase yields．Throughout this period food became cheaper, safe and more reliable．However, these changes have also led to habitat loss and to diminishing biodiversity．
What’s more, demand for animal products in developing countries is growing so fast that meeting it will require an extra 300 million tons of grain a year by 2050，yet the growth of cities and industry is reducing the amount of water available for agriculture in many regions．
All this means that agriculture in the 21st century will have to be very different from how it was in the 20th．This will require radical（激進(jìn)的）thinking．For example, we need to move away from the idea that traditional practices are inevitably more sustainable than new ones．We also need to abandon the notion that agriculture can be “zero impact”．The key will be to abandon the rather simple and static measures of sustainability, which centre on the need to maintain production without increasing damage．Instead we need a more dynamic interpretation, one that looks at the pros and cons of all the various way land is used．There are many different ways to measure agricultural performance besides food yield: energy use, environmental costs, water purity, carbon footprint and biodiversity．It is clear, for example, that the carbon of transporting tomatoes from Spain to the UK is less than that of producing them in the UK with additional heating and lighting, but we do not know whether lower carbon footprints will always be better for biodiversity．
What is crucial is recognizing that sustainable agriculture is not just about sustainable food production．
72．How do people often measure progress in agriculture?
A．By its productivity                 B． By its impact on the environment　　
C．By its sustainability                D．By its contribution to economic growth
73．What does the author think of traditional farming practices?
　　A．They have remained the same over the centuries
　　B．They have not kept pace with population growth
　　C．They are not necessarily sustainable
　　D．They are environmentally friendly
74．What will agriculture be like in the 21st century?
　　A．It will go through radical changes
　　B．It will supply more animal products
　　C．It will abandon traditional farming practices
　　D．It will cause zero damage to the environment
75．What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?
　　A．To remind people of the need of sustainable development
　　B．To suggest ways of ensuring sustainable food production
　　C．To advance new criteria for measuring farming progress
　　D．To urge people to rethink what sustainable agriculture is．

小題1:C
小題2:C
小題3:A
小題4:D
         
練習(xí)冊系列答案
相關(guān)習(xí)題

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


Veronica
By Mary Gaitskill.
Pantheon Books, $ 23.
This attractively dark novel from the author of Bad Behavior and Two Girls, Fat and Thin is narrated by a former Paris model who is now sick and poor; her reflections on beauty and cruelty have clarity and an uncanny bite.
On Beauty
By Zadie Smith.
Penguin Press, $ 25.95
In her new book, a cultural – politics novel set in a place like Harvard, the author of White Teeth brings everything to the table: a crisp intellect, a lovely wit and enormous sympathy for the men, women and children who read her story.
Saturday
By Ian McEwan.
Nan A. Talese / Doubleday. $ 26.
As exciting and as carefully constructed as anything McEwan has written, this astringent (尖銳的) novel traces a day in the life of an English neurosurgeon who comes face to face with senseless violence.
De Kooning: An American Master
By Mark Stevens and Annalyn Swan.
Alfred A. Knopf, $ 35.
A brilliant biography, impressively researched and absorbingly written, of the talented immigrant who stood at the vortex (中心) of mid – 20th – century American art.
A History of Europe Since 1945
By Tony Judt.
Penguin Press, $ 39.95.
Judt’s massive, learned, truthfully detailed account of Europe’s recovery from the wreckage of World War Ⅱpresents a whole continent in panorama (全景) even as it sets off detonations (爆炸) of insight on almost every page.
1．According to the passage, the most probable non – fiction novel is          .
A．Veronica         B．Saturday
C．On Beauty              D．A History of Europe Since 1945
2．If you’re fond art, which of the following would be your favorite?
A．On Beauty              B．Saturday
C．Veronica          D．De Kooning : An American Master
3．The novels published by the same company are           .
A．On Beauty & A History of Europe Since 1945
B．Saturday & De Kooning : An American Master
C．Veronica & On Beauty
D．A History of Europe Since 1945 & Saturday
4．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A．Mary Gaitskill is the author of both Veronica and Bad Behaviour.
B．On Beauty describes the stories that happened in Harvard.
C．Two authors finished De Kooning : An American Master together.
D．A post – war Europe can be found in A History of Europe Since 1945.
5．Which of the following novels are written by Zadie Smith?
A．On Beauty & Bad Behavior
B．Saturday & De Kooning : An American Master
C．On Beauty & White Teeth
D．Veronica & White Teeth

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Among various programmes, TV talk shows have covered every inch of space on daytime television. And anyone who watches them regularly knows that each one is different in style. But no two shows are more opposite in content, while at the same time standing out above the rest, than the Jerry Springer and the Oprah Winfrey shows.
Jerry Springer could easily be considered the king of “rubbish talk”. The contents on his show are as surprising as they can be. For example, the show takes the ever-mon talk show titles of love, sex, cheating, and hate, to a different level. Clearly, the Jerry Springer show is about the dark side of society, yet people are willing to eat up the troubles of other people’s lives.
Like Jerry Springer, Oprah Winfrey takes TV talk show to its top. But Oprah goes in the opposite direction. The show is mainly about the improvement of society and different quality of life. Contents are from teaching your children lessons, managing your work week, to getting to know your neighbors.
pared to Oprah, the Jerry Springer show looks like poisonous waste being poured into society. Jerry ends every show with a “final word”. He makes a small speech about the entire idea of the show. Hopefully, this is the part where most people will learn something very valuable.
Clean as it is, the Oprah show is not for everyone. The show’s main viewers are middleclass Americans. Most of these people have the time, money, and ability to deal with life’s tough problems. Jerry Springer, on the other hand, has more of a connection with the young adults of society. These are 18-to-21-year-olds whose main troubles in life include love, relationship, sex, money and drug. They are the ones who see some value and lessons to be learned through the show’s exploitation.
小題1:pared with other TV talk shows, both the Jerry Springer and the Oprah Winfrey are ____.
A．more interestingB．more formal
C．more detailedD．unusually popular
小題2: Which of the following is likely to be a topic of the Oprah Winfrey show?
A．Family ine planning.B．Nation hatred.
C．A new type of robot.D．Street accident.
小題3:We can learn from the passage that the two talk shows_____.
A．have bee the only ones of its kind
B．a(chǎn)ttract different people
C．a(chǎn)ppear at different times of the day
D．exploit the weaknesses in human nature

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The story of "Who Moved My Cheese?" was created by Dr.  Spencer. Johnson to help him deal with a difficult change in his life.  It showed him how to take his changing situation seriously but not take himself so seriously.
When his friends noticed how much better life had become for him, and asked why, Dr. Johnson shared his  "Cheese"  story.  Many later said how greatly the story had helped them to keep their sense of humor, to change, and to gain something better, too.
Twenty years after the story was created,  "Who Moved My Cheese?" was finally published. It soon became a No.1 international best seller,  with one million hardcover copies in print within the first sixteen months and over ten million copies within the next two years.
Some critics (批評家)  do not understand why so many people find the book so valuable. They say the story is simple enough for a child to understand, and it insults (侮辱) their intelligence. Some even fear it suggests that people should mindlessly accept unnecessary changes forced upon them by others, although that is not in the story. 
The author said that both the fans and the critics are "right" in their own way. It is not what is in the story of "Who Moved My Cheese?" but how you understand it and apply it to your own situation that gives it value.
Hopefully the way you understand the story of "Who Moved My Cheese?" and the way you put it into action in your life will help you find and enjoy the "New Cheese" you deserve (應(yīng)得).
60. Why did the book "Who Moved My Cheese?" become a best seller as soon as it was published?
A. Because it is simple and easy to read.
B. Because readers can learn a lot from it.
C. Because the writer is quite famous.
D. Because it has many interesting stories~
小題1: Some people don't like the book because they think that__________.
A．it is too simple for adults to read
B．the author aims to insult them
C．there are many wrong ideas in it
D．the author's intelligence is too high
小題2: Which of the following is NOT true about the book?
A．The author's friends were interested to know why life became better, for Spencer.
B．The author agreed with both the fans and the critics of his book.
C．Some people worry the book may have a bad effect on readers.
D．The "New Cheese" in the last paragraph refers to a kind of freshly-made milk food.
小題3:The writer's purpose in writing the passage is to_______.
A．help Dr. Johnson sell more of his book
B．introduce the meaning of the book
C．help readers understand the book and get something from it
D．introduce people's different opinions on the book

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


Yoga（瑜伽）is an ancient practice that helps create a sense of union in body, mind, and spirit. It brings us balance. After a long time of practice yoga, you no longer just practice it — you love it.
Yoga becomes part of your physical life. Your body grows stronger, more toned（有彈性的）, and more flexible as you move from one pose to another. I spent a week in Mexico at a yoga retreat, and it was the first vacation on which I lost weight. “Rather than building muscles, yoga builds muscle tone,” says Shakta Kaur Khalsa, author of KISS Guide to Yoga. “Because yoga helps maintain a balanced metabolism（新陳代謝）, and it also helps to control weight. Additionally, yoga stretches muscles lengthwise, causing fat around the cells disappear, thus losing weight.”
I do yoga poses throughout the day. After hours at my computer, I stretch my stiff shoulders and arms. When I need an increase in energy, I do energizing poses. When I am feeling exhausted at the end of the day, I do restorative（恢復(fù)體力的）poses.
Yoga becomes part of your mental life. Yoga teaches you to focus on breathing while you hold the poses. This attention to breath is calming; it dissolves（使消除）stress and anxiety. I use yogic breathing on the tennis court, in the dentist’s chair, and when I’m stuck in traffic.
You should always leave a yoga practice feeling energized, but not tired. If you feel tired after yoga, it means you spent the time “fighting” yourself, trying to force yourself into poses. In yoga, you “surrender” to the poses by letting go of the tension.
64. What will be talked about if this passage continues?
A. Yoga is becoming part of your spiritual life.
B. Yoga is becoming popular all over the world.
C. The disadvantages of yoga.
D. Encouraging people to do yoga.
65. According to the second paragraph, yoga can help people ___.
A. grow tall             B. lose weight C. be flexible in thinking     D. make friends
66. Why does a person feel tired after yoga?
A. Because when practicing yoga, people will consume a lot of energy.
B. Because he or she surrenders to the poses by letting go of the tension.
C. Because yoga doesn’t benefit all the people.
D. Because he or she doesn’t do yoga poses naturally.
67. What would be the best title for this passage?
A. What’s yoga?                                         B. How do I do yoga poses?
C. The benefits of yoga.                           C. The varieties of yoga.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空


第二節(jié)完形填空 (共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分)
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從36—55各題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項, 并在答題卡將該項涂黑。
Brenda was a young woman who was invited to go rock climbing.   36   she was very frightened, she went with her  37   to a cliff. She took hold of the rope and started   38   the face of that rock. She got to a place where she could take a breath.   39   she was hanging on there, the safety rope suddenly struck Brenda’s eye and   40    her contact lens(隱形鏡片).
Well, here she was, on a rock face, with hundreds of feet below her and hundreds of feet   41    her. She began to get  42   , and she had to pray to the Lord to help her to    43  it.
When she got to the top, a friend  44   her eye and her clothing for the lens, but there was no contact lens to be found. She   45    across the mountains, thinking of that verse(詩句) that says, “The    46 of the Lord run backward and forward throughout the whole earth.” She thought, “Lord, you can see all these   47   . You know every stone and leaf, and you know   48    where my contact lens is. Please help me.”
Finally, they  49    down the path to the bottom. At the bottom there was a new party of climbers just starting up the face of the cliff. Suddenly, one of them shouted out, “Hey, you guys! Anybody  50   a contact lens?”
Well, that would be   51    enough, but you know   52    the climber saw it? An ant was moving  53   across the face of the rock, carrying it on it’s back.
Brenda told her father about the story of the  54  , the prayer, and the contact lens. He then drew a picture of an ant carrying that contact lens with the words, “Lord, I don’t know why you want me to do this. I can’t eat it, and it’s awfully   55    .But if this is what you want me to do, I’ll carry it for you.”
36.   A.    Although B.    As   C.    Because   D.    Except
37.   A.    friend      B. group  C.    guide      D.    leader
38.   A.    down      B.    off   C.    On      D.    up
39.   A.    Because   B.    As   C.    Before     D.    Until
40.   A.    wore out  B.    gave out  C.    carried out      D.    knocked out
41.   A.    over B.    across      C.    beyond    D.    above
42.   A.    hopeful   B.    upset       C.    Eager         D.    proud
43.   A.    search     B.    dream     C.    find D.    imagine
44.   A.    watched   B.    tested      C.    saw  D.    examined
45.   A.    looked up       B.    looked on       C.    looked out      D.    looked for
46.   A.    eyes B.    arms       C.    hands      D.    legs
47.   A.    persons    B.    mountains       C.    trees D.    animals
48.   A.    exactly    B.    simply     C.    generally D.    nearly
49.   A.    walked    B.    climbed   C.    ran   D.    flew
50.   A.    missed     B.    owned     C.    got   D.    lost
51.   A.    annoying B.    surprising       C.    disappointing  D.    worrying
52.   A.    which      B.    why C.    when       D.    whether
53.   A.    Quickly B.      happily    C.    slowly     D.    sadly
54.   A.    rock B.    rope C.    ant   D.    Lord
55.   A.    heavy      B.    light     C.valuable   D.    dirty

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


The Vienna-based researchers showed that dogs will stop doing a simple task when not rewarded if another dog, which continues to be rewarded, is present．
The experiment consisted of taking pairs of dogs and getting them to present a paw for a reward．On giving this “handshake” the dogs received a piece of food．One of the dogs was then asked to shake hands, but received no food．The other dog continued to get the food when it was asked to perform the task．
The dog without the reward quickly stopped doing the task, and showed signs of anger or stress when its partner was rewarded．
To make sure that the experiment was really showing the interaction between the dogs rather than just the frustration of not being rewarded, a similar experiment was conducted where the dogs performed the task without the partner．Here they continued to present the paw for much longer．
Dr Frederike Range from the University of Vienna says this shows that it was the presence of the rewarded partner that was the greater influence on their behaviour．
“The only difference is one gets food and the other doesn’t, they are responding to being unequally rewarded．” she said．
The researchers say this kind of behaviour, where one animal gets frustrated with what is happening with another, has only been observed in primates(靈長類) before．
Studies with various types of monkeys and chimpanzees show they react not only to seeing their partners receiving rewards when they are not, but also to the type of reward．
The dog study also looked at whether the type of reward made a difference．Dogs were given either bread or sausage, but seemed to react equally to either．Dr Range says this may be because they have been trained．
57．The dogs refused to give the paw when they_______．
A．found another dog was given nothing
B．felt they were not treated equally
C．were aware they received less food
D．were given too much reward
58．What would the dogs do if they presented their paw alone?
A．They would go on with the performance much longer．
B．They would be too shy to present their paw．
C．They would miss their partners．
D．They would compare what they got with that of others．
59．According to the passage, compared with dogs, monkeys and chimpanzees ______．
A．pay no attention to the type of reward
B．only like to play interesting games
C．pay attention to the type of reward as well as whether they are rewarded
D．care more about how they are rewarded
60．Which of the following can best summerise the passage?
A．Animals’ various ways to show anger
B．Dogs are more envious than man
C．Most animals want to be be rewarded for their work
D．Animals also have a sense of fairplay

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


第三部分：閱讀理解（共20小題，每小題2分，滿分40分）
閱讀下列短文，從所給的四個選項（A、B、C、D）中，選出最佳選項。
Science summer camps are one of the best ways to improve creativity of students and teach them a practical approach towards science and its applications （應(yīng)用）．Students taking part in the camps can learn to appreciate science and technology at an early age, to be better positioned for further learning and finally better prepared to face challenges．Apart from theories, scientific experiments and discussions are encouraged at these camps．
The science summer camps are usually held between June and August and it’s good for parents to start planning their children’s summer camps at least 6 to 7 months in advance．This period of time provides an opportunity for them to do proper research and save money．With more than 2,000 summer camps in the US, there is a wide variety for parents to choose from．If the child doesn’t like biology, there  is no point sending him to an anatomy （解剖學(xué)） science camp．Likewise （同樣地）, if one thinks that his child limits himself to books throughout the school year, he should try and choose camps which provide students with an opportunity to move out in the open and be physically active．To make the task easier, there are many websites which provide online resource materials to help parents select a summer camp that fits the needs of their children．
Generally, a science summer camp costs between $ 150 and $ 500, depending on where the camp is located, how long it lasts and of course what subject it covers．Some of them also provide scholarships （獎學(xué)金） for bright students to encourage them．
56．A science summer camp offers students      ．
A．chances to be well prepared for future study
B．chances to research and save money
C．ways to get online resource materials
D．chances to live independently
57．What does the underlined word “them” in the second paragraph refer to?
A．Students     B．Organizers CScientists             D．Parents
58．We can infer （推斷） from the second paragraph that        ．
A．it’s important for children to relax at the summer camps
B．online resource materials can help to organize a summer camp
C．proper camps should be chosen for children according to their needs
D．different parents should be chosen for children according to their needs
59．What do the costs of a science summer camp depend on?
A．Organizers’ efforts and suggestions．  B．Location, time and content．
C．Students’ likes and dislikes．       D．Effects and benefits．

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


Good news for game lovers― a tank game has come out recently. In this game you are in a tank and the screen shows your view of the landscape outside. You gain points by shooting enemy tanks, supertanks, missiles (導(dǎo)彈) and flying saucers（飛碟）.
Expert players can gain scores of around 150,000 points at this game. To get a high score you have to destroy twenty tanks as quickly as possible. After this, the supertanks, missiles and flying saucers appear. These are worth far more points than the ordinary tanks. However, the number of tanks you have to destroy before the supertanks appear varies on different machines.
Try to get close to an enemy tank from the side or the back, so it cannot shoot at you. Then, when you get close, turn to face it, line it up in your sights and fire before it turns to shoot at you. If you miss or are too slow, quickly escape by moving out of the enemy's line of fire. You can then move around the enemy and come in from another side.
When a supertank appears, try to destroy it as quickly as possible. Then wait safely behind an obstacle（障礙物）for a missile or flying saucer. The cubes are useful objects to hide behind as you can fire over them without exposing yourself to danger. The missiles will fly straight at you, but they are difficult to hit, so do not shoot at them until they are quite close. The saucers are much easier to hit, but do not follow them as you will be open to attack from enemy tanks. 
60. This passage is an / a ______ about a game.
A. instruction    B. liberation        C. tradition     D. construction
61. If you hide behind the cubes during an attack, which of the following may not happen?
A. Avoiding being exposed to danger     B. Destroying a missile
C. Firing over missiles or flying saucers   D. Being hit by a missile
62. If you can destroy a supertank, missile or flying saucer, you will get_____.
A. many more points        B. a machine to play with
C. an ordinary tank         D. nothing
63. From the last sentence we can see that you are likely to be attacked by tanks if you_____.
A. hit a flying saucer            B. run after a flying saucer
C. fire straight at a missile        D. shoot at enemy tanks

查看答案和解析>>

同步練習(xí)冊答案