There are records of fingerprints taken many centuries ago. The ancient Babylonians pressed the tips of their fingerprints into clay to record business trade. The Chinese used ink-on-paper finger impressions for business. However, fingerprinting wasn't used as a method for identifying criminals until the 19th century．
In 1858, Sir William Herschel was working as an official of the Hooghly district in Jungipoor, India．In order to reduce fraud（詐騙）, he had people living in the district record their fingerprints when signing business documents. A few years later, Scottish doctor Henry Faulds was working in Japan when he discovered fingerprints left by artists on ancient pieces of clay．This finding inspired him to begin investigating fingerprints．In 1880, Faulds wrote to his cousin, the famous naturalist Charles Darwin, and asked for help with developing a fingerprint classification system．Darwin refused, but sent the letter to his cousin, Sir Francis Gallon, who was an eugenicist (優(yōu)生學(xué)家). Gallon began collecting fingerprints and eventually gathered some 8, 000 different samples to analyze. In 1892, he published a book called "Fingerprints", in which he outlined a fingerprint classification system—the first existence．
Around the same time, Juan Vucetich, a police officer in Buenos Aires, Argentina, was developing his own version of a fingerprinting system．In 1892, Vucetich was called in to assist with the investigation of the two boys murdered in Necoche, a village near Buenos Aires. Their mother, Francisca Rojas, accused a neighbour named Velasquez. But when Vucetich compared the fingerprints found at the murder scene to those of both Velasquez and Rojas, they matched Rojas' exactly．She admitted her crime. This was the first time fingerprints had been used in a criminal investigation.Vucetich called his system comparative dactyloscopy（指紋鑒定法）. It's still used in many Spanish-speaking countries．
Sir Edward Henry, in charge of the Metropolitan Police of London, soon became interested in using fingerprints to catch criminals. In 1896, he added to Gallon's technique, creating his own classification system, the Henry Classification System. It is the primary method of fingerprint classification throughout most of the world．
小題1:Herschel had people record their fingerprints so as to_____．
A．develop a fingerprinting systemB．prevent illegal business
C．put them on pieces of clayD．collect and study fingerprints
小題2:Who first came up with the idea of creating a fingerprint classification system?
A．Herschel．B．Faulds．C．Gallon．D．Darwin．
小題3:The underlined word "they" in Paragraph 3 probably refers to "_____"．
A．the fingerprintsB．the two boysC．the crimesD．the police officers
小題4:We can learn from the text that _____．
A．Faulds collected many fingerprints while in Japan
B．Henry's classification system is based on Gallon's
C．Darwin showed great interest in studying fingerprints
D．Vucetich's fingerprinting system is still used all over the world
小題5:What is the text mainly about?
A．Different uses of fingerprints．
B．The history of fingerprinting．
C．Countries that first used fingerprints．
D．The way to collect and analyze fingerprints．

小題1:B
小題2:C
小題3:A
小題4:B
小題5:B

試題分析：這篇文章主要講述了指紋的發(fā)展，被廣泛應(yīng)用與商業(yè)場(chǎng)合和刑事偵探。
小題1:細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第二段可知，為了減少詐騙，他讓他管轄下的人們?cè)诤炇鹕虡I(yè)文件的時(shí)候留下他們的指紋�？芍�，這樣做為了防止非法商業(yè)。故選B
小題2:細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第二段加侖開始收集指紋，最終收集了8000種不同的指紋標(biāo)本，1892年，他出版一本名叫《Fingerprints》的書，里面首次概括了指紋分類系統(tǒng)�？芍�，加侖是第一個(gè)產(chǎn)生創(chuàng)造指紋分類系統(tǒng)的人。故選C
小題3:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。當(dāng)Vucetich把在犯罪現(xiàn)場(chǎng)找到的指紋與Velasquez，Rojas的指紋進(jìn)行比較，發(fā)現(xiàn)這些指紋與Rojas的指紋正好相配�？芍瑃hey的指代的指紋。故選A
小題4:細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段可知，F(xiàn)aulds只是開始調(diào)查指紋，并沒有收集指紋。故A錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)文章最后一段可知增加了Gallon的技術(shù)，創(chuàng)造了他自己的分類系統(tǒng)，亨利分類系統(tǒng)，這是故B正確。達(dá)爾文并沒有對(duì)研究指紋產(chǎn)生濃厚的興趣。故C錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)文章It's still used in many Spanish-speaking countries．Vucetich的指紋系統(tǒng)被應(yīng)用在許多講西班牙語的國(guó)家。故D錯(cuò)誤。所以，本題選B
小題5:主旨題，這篇文章主要介紹了指紋從剛開始被人們發(fā)現(xiàn)到后來被廣泛使用的發(fā)展過程。故選B
點(diǎn)評(píng)：對(duì)于此類介紹事物的說明文，學(xué)生只需把握好說介紹的東西，本文主要介紹的是指紋，以此為線索，圍繞文章對(duì)它的介紹迅速的理清全文的意思。對(duì)于主旨題或是推斷題，結(jié)合文意及所說明的對(duì)象，準(zhǔn)確定位，即可答出。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The scientific world continues to be amazed by the speed of the development of cloning. Some scientists now suggest that the cloning of humans could occur in the near future. Despite the benefits of cloning, however, certain ethical (道德的) questions concerning the possible abuse (濫用) of cloning have been raised. At the heart of these questions is the idea of humans influencing life in a way that could harm society, either morally or in a real physical sense. Some people object to cloning because it allows scientists to "act like God" in the handling of living organisms.
   The cloning of Dolly raised the debate over this practice to a whole new level. It has become obvious that the technology for cloning Dolly could also be used to clone humans. A person could choose to make two or ten or a hundred copies of himself or herself by the same techniques used with Dolly. An active debate about the morality of cloning humans arises. Some people see benefits from the practice, such as providing a way for parents to produce a new child to replace one dying of a fatal disease. Other people worry about humans taking into their own hands the future of the human race.
   At the beginning of the twenty-first century, many scientists say the controversy over the ethics of cloning humans is overstressed because of the unpredictability (不可預(yù)測(cè)性) of cloning in general. While scientists have cloned animals such as sheep, mice, cows, pigs, and goats, fewer than 3 percent of all those cloning efforts have succeeded. The animal clones that have been produced often have health problems. Scientists believe the rapid reprogramming in cloning can introduce random (任意的) errors into a clone’s DNA. Those errors have altered individual genes in minor ways, and the genetic defects (缺陷) have led to the development of major medical problems. Some scientists say this should make human cloning out of the question, but others argue that cloning humans may actually be easier and safer than cloning animals. Whatever, I agree that further research in the field of cloning is needed.
小題1:Some people are against cloning of humans because they think _________.
A．the practice takes too much time and money
B．the cloning technology is still not mature
C．humans control the future of the human race
D．the population in the world will be too large
小題2:Some scientists think the debate over ethics of cloning humans is overstressed because ____.
A．cloning of human beings is completely impossible
B．the result of cloning can’t be predicted in general
C．cloning of animals is a failure
D．there are big errors in a clone’s DNA
小題3:We can learn from the text that _______.
A．cloning of humans is a very controversial issue
B．the cloning of Dolly begins to raise the debate over cloning of humans
C．there are medical problems in cloning animals
D．cloning humans is easier and safer than cloning animals
小題4:The text is mainly about _______.
A．the benefits of cloning
B．the ethics of cloning
C．the history of cloning
D．the defects of cloning

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The goal of earthquake prediction is to give early enough warning. The U.S. Geological Survey conducts and supports research on the likelihood of future earthquakes. Scientists estimate earthquake probabilities in two ways: by studying the history of large earthquakes in a special area and the rate at which strain（拉力）accumulates（積累）in the rock.
Scientists study the past frequency of large earthquakes in order to determine the future likelihood of similar large shocks. For example scientists researched the large earthquakes in the San Francisco Bay region during the 75 years between 1836 and 1911. For the next 68 years, no earthquakes of magnitude (震級(jí)) 6 or large occurred in the region. Beginning with a magnitude 6 shock in 1979, the earthquakes in the region increased dramatically; between 1979 and 1989, there were four magnitude 6 or greater earthquakes, including a magnitude 7.1 earthquake. So scientists estimated that the probability of a magnitude 6.8 or larger earthquake occurring during the next 30 years in the region is about 67 percent.
Another way to predict earthquakes is to study how fast strain accumulates. When plate movements build the strain in rocks to a critical level, like pulling a rubber band too tight, the rocks will suddenly break and slip to a new position. Scientists measure how much strain accumulates along a fault (斷層) each year, how much time has passed since the last earthquake, and how much strain was released in the last earthquake. This information is used to calculate the time required for the accumulating strain to build to the level that results in an earthquake. This simple model is so complicated that such detailed information about faults is rare. In the United States, only the San Andreas Fault System has adequate records for using this prediction method.
Scientific understanding of earthquakes is of vital importance to the Nation. As the population increases, expanding urban development and construction encroach (侵蝕) upon areas susceptible(易受影響的) to earthquakes. With a greater understanding of the causes and effects of earthquakes, we may be able to reduce damage and loss of life from this destruction.
小題1:What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．What an earthquake is like.
B．How to predict earthquakes.
C．Where earthquakes often happen.
D．When a fault is formed.
小題2:That scientists study the history of large earthquakes in certain areas is to ultimately_________.
A．do research on the past frequency of large earthquakes
B．estimate the magnitude of similar earthquakes
C．forecast the possibilities of similar earthquakes
D．judge the specific location of future earthquakes
小題3:Which is TRUE according to the passage?
A．There were four magnitude 6 earthquakes in the San Francisco Bay region between1979 and1989.
B．The accumulating strain of the fault to a certain level results in the earthquake.
C．About 68 years after 1911, no earthquakes occurred in the San Francisco Bay region.
D．The fast increasing population on the earth is the main cause of the earthquake.
小題4:What is the critical factor of forming a fault?
A．The material of rocks.
B．The existing time span of the rocks.
C．The plate movements around the rocks.
D．The amount of strain released in the last earthquake.
小題5:According to the passage, we can know that the San Andreas Fault System____.
A．has a greater understanding of the causes and effects of earthquakes
B．stores much more information about the history of large earthquakes
C．offers the potential for doing research on the faults where strain accumulates
D．illustrates specifically how rocks along a fault are formed

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

It’s true that quite a few most respected scientific authorities have confirmed that the world is becoming hotter and hotter. There’s also strong evidence that humans are contributing to the warming. Countless recent reports have proved the same thing. For instance, a 2010 summary about the climate science by the Royal Society noted that: “The global warming over the last half-century has been caused mainly by human activity.”
You may not believe that humans could change the planet’s climate, but the basic science is well understood. Each year, billions of tons of greenhouse gases are released into the atmosphere because of human activity. As has been known for years, these gases hold heat that would otherwise escape to space, wrapping the planet in an invisible (看不見的) blanket.
Of course, the earth’s climate has always been changing due to “natural” factors such as volcanic eruption or changes in solar, or cycles concerning the Earth’s going around the sun. According to the scientific research, however, the warming observed by now matches the pattern of warming we would expect from a build-up of greenhouse gas in the atmosphere – not the warming we would expect from other possible causes.
Even if scientists did discover another reasonable explanation for the warming recorded so far, that would give birth to a difficult question. As Robert Henson puts it: “If some newly discovered factor is to blame for the climate change, then why aren’t carbon dioxide and the other greenhouse gases producing the warming that basic physics tells us they should be?”
The only way to prove with 100% certainty that humans are responsible for global warming would be to run an experiment with two identical Earths – one with human influence and one without. That obviously isn’t possible, and so most scientists are careful not to state human influence as an absolute certainty.
小題1:In most scientists’ opinion, the global warming is mainly caused by ________.
A．solar activityB．volcanic activity
C．natural factorsD．human factors
小題2:The text is developed by ________.
A．giving typical examples
B．following the order of space
C．a(chǎn)nalyzing a theory and arguing it
D．comparing and finding differences
小題3:The underline word “identical” in the last paragraph probably means ________.
A．totally differentB．exactly the same
C．extremely importantD．partly independent
小題4:Which of the following is not the cause of climate change?
A．volcanic eruption
B．cycles concerning the Earth’s going around the sun
C．changes in solar
D．floods and droughts
小題5:Which of the following can be the best title?
A．Are All the Scientists Really Scientific?
B．Where Is Global Warming Leading Us to?
C．Are Humans Definitely Causing Global Warming?
D．What’s the Relation of Global Warming and Greenhouse Gases?

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Liverpool city council (市政廳) want to clear the city of fat pigeons (鴿子). They say that people are feeding the birds, which makes them fat. The pigeons get bigger because they normally eat seeds (種子) and insects (昆蟲) for their main food, not high-fat junk food they are eating in the city centre.
The council want people to know that everyone who feeds the pigeons makes the streets crowded (擁擠)with these birds. They hope to encourage the birds to move away from the city centre and into parks and open spaces.
Ten robotic birds have been brought into the city centre to scare the pigeons away and visitors are asked not to give the pigeons any food. The mechanical birds—known as ‘robops’—will sit on the roofs of buildings. They can be moved around to different places. They look like a peregrine falcon, which is a bird that kills pigeons. They even make noises and flap their wings to scare the pigeons. They hope that the pigeons will go away before the city becomes the European Capital of Culture in two years.
小題1:Liverpool city council want to clear the city of fat pigeons because ______.
A．the pigeons are eating junk food
B．the pigeons might get killed
C．the pigeons make the city center crowded
D．the pigeons sit on the roofs of buildings
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A．It scares the robotic birds.B．It is an enemy of the pigeons.
C．It looks like a pigeon.D．It likes the food people give it.
小題3:Which of the following is probably true according to passage?
A．The robots will fly around the city center like real birds.
B．Pigeons get fat because they eat seeds and insects.
C．Liverpool is the European Capital of Culture.
D．The pigeons like the food that people give them.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

If music makes you smarter and exercise helps you to think, surely exercising to music can turn you into an intelligent person.
A team of scientists from Ohio State University did experiments on 33 volunteers who were getting better from heart disease following operation. They found that people who exercised while listening to Italian musician Antonio Vivaldi’s “The Four Seasons” did much better on language ability tests than without music.
“Facts suggest that exercise improves the learning ability of people with heart disease,” said the psychologist Charles Emery, who led the study. “And listening to music is thought to enhance understanding. We just wanted to put the two results together,” he added.
The volunteers said they felt better emotionally and physically after working out with or without the music. But their improvement on the test doubled after listening to music during exercise. Scientists have proved that music can be good for health, education and well-being. It helps reduce stress, sadness and nervousness; encourages relaxation or sleep; wakes up the body and improves memory and thoughts.
In medical fields, music is used widely for patients who have had head hurts before and after operation. “The Four Seasons” was used because of its moderate tempo（舒緩的節(jié)拍）and positive results in earlier research. “Exercise seems to cause positive changes in the nervous system(神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)) and these changes may have a direct result on learning ability,” Emery said.
Scientists have been studying the results of music on understanding since the early 1950s. By 2000, psychologists were using Mozart’s music, especially his violin pieces, to help children with speech disorders. Mozart was chosen because his music is not overexciting and has clear structures. A study showed students who listened to Mozart went on to score higher marks in an intelligence test. With important exams drawing near, your parents will not probably allow you to listen to music. But perhaps now you have good reasons to argue with them.
小題1:The underlined word enhance can be replaced by ______.
A．impressB．improveC．provideD．produce
小題2:The text mainly tells us that _____.
A．music and exercise lead to relaxation or sleep
B．33 volunteers work on music in medical fields
C．exercising to music makes people healthy and bright
D．scientists give suggestions on choosing music to exercise to
小題3:It can be learned from the last paragraph that ______.
A．you are supposed to follow your parents’ words
B．students should not listen to music before exams
C．you have some good reasons to exercise to music
D．music might help you to get higher grades in tests
小題4:Which of the following statements is true?
A．Exercise seems to cause negative changes without music.
B．Exercise reminds people with head hurts of what they’ve learned.
C．Scientists often use Mozart’s music, for it is not too exciting.
D．“The Four Seasons” is used to help children with speech disorders.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
Every boy and every girl expects their parents to give them pocket money． Why do their parents just give them a certain amount?    1  
The amount of money that parents give to their children to spend as they wish differs from family to family．   2  Some children get weekly pocket money． Others get monthly pocket money．
First of all, children are expected to make a choice between spending and saving． Then parents should make the children understand what is expected to pay for with the money． At first, some young children may spend all of the money soon after they receive it． Parents are usually advised not to offer more money until it is the right time．  3  
In order to encourage their children to do some housework, some parents give pocket money if the children help around the home． Some experts think it not wise to pay the children for doing that．   4  
Pocket money can give children a chance to experience three things they can do with the money． They can spend it by giving it to a good excuse． They can spend it by buying things they want．   5  Saving helps children understand that costly goals require sacrifice（犧牲）． Saving can also open the door to future saving and investing（投資）for children．
A．They can save it for future use．
B．Timing is another consideration（考慮）．
C．As helping at home is a normal part of family life．
D．Some children are not good at managing the pocket money．
E．Learning how to get money is important for children．
F．One purpose（目的）is to let kids learn how to manage their own money．
G．By doing so, these children will learn that spending must be done with a budget

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

I was in my third year of teaching creative writing at a high school in New York, when one of my students, 15-year-old Mikey, gave me a note from his mother. It explained his absence from class the day before.
I had seen Mikey himself writing the note at his desk. Most parental-excuse notes I received were penned by my students. If I were to deal with them, I’d be busy 24 hours a day.
The forged excuse notes made a large pile, with writing that ranged from imaginative to crazy. The writers of those notes didn’t realize that honest excuse notes were usually dull: “Peter was late because the alarm clock didn’t go off.”
Isn’t it remarkable, I thought, how the students complained and said it was hard putting 200 words together on any subject? But when they produced excuse notes, they were brilliant.
So one day I typed out a dozen excuse notes and gave them to my classes. I said, “They’re supposed to be written by parents, but actually they are not. True, Mikey?” The students looked at me nervously.
“Now, this will be the first class to study the art of the excuse note --- the first class, ever, to practice writing them. You’re so lucky to have a teacher like me who has taken your best writing and turned it into a subject worthy of study. ”
Everyone smiled as I went on, “You used your imaginations. So try more now. Today I’d like you to write ‘An Excuse Note from Adam to God’ or ‘An Excuse Note from Eve to God’.” Heads went down. Pens raced across paper. For the first time ever I saw students so careful in their writing that they had to be asked to go to lunch by their friends.
The next day everyone had excuse notes. Heated discussions followed. The headmaster entered the classroom and walked up and down, looking at papers, and then said, “I’d like you to see me in my office.”
When I stepped into his office, he came to shake my hand and said, “I just want to tell you that that lesson, that task, whatever the hell you were doing, was great. Those kids were writing on the college level. Thank you. ”
小題1:What did the author do with the students found dishonest?
A．He reported them to the headmaster.B．He lectured them hard on honesty.
C．He had them take notes before lunch.D．He helped improve their writing skills.
小題2:The author found that compared with the true excuse notes, the produced ones by the students were usually__________.
A．less impressiveB．more imaginativeC．worse writtenD．less convincing
小題3:The author had the students practice writing excuse notes so that the students could learn_________.
A．the importance of being honestB．how to write excuse notes skillfully
C．the pleasure of creative writingD．how to be creative in writing
小題4:The underlined word “forged” in the second paragraph means “______”.
A．formerB．copiedC．falseD．honest
小題5:What did the headmaster think of the author’s way of teaching?
A．Effective. B．DifficultC．Misleading.D．Reasonable

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng).選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng).
We are all called upon to make a speech at some point in life, but most of us don’t do a very good job.  1  
So, you have to give a speech and you are terrified. You get nervous, you forget what you want to say, you stumble over words, you talk too long, and you bore your audience. Later you think, “Thank Goodness, it’s over. I’m just not good at public speaking. I hope I never have to do that again.”
Cheer up!  2  Here are some simple steps to take the pain out of speech making. Ask yourself the purpose of your speech. What is the occasion? Why are you speaking? Then, gather as many facts as you can on your subject. Spend plenty of your time doing your research. Then spend plenty of your time organizing your material so that your speech is clear and easy to follow. Use as many examples as possible, and use pictures, charts, and graphs if they help you make your points more clearly.   3  Don’t talk over their heads, and don’t talk down to them. Treat your audience with respect. They will appreciate your thoughtfulness.
Just remember: Be prepared. Know your subject, your audience, and the occasion. Be brief.  4  And be yourself. Let your personality come through so that you make person-to-person contact with your audience.
If you follow these simple steps, you will see that you don’t have to be afraid of public speaking. In fact, you may find the experience so enjoyable that you volunteer to make more speeches! You’re not convinced yet?   5  
A．It doesn’t to be that bad.
B．Take several deep breaths before your speech.
C．This article gives some advice on how to give good speech.
D．Say what you have to say and then stop.
E. Don’t say what you aren’t familiar with.
F. Never forget your audience.
G. Give it a try and see what happens.

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