Question

【題目】 A few weeks ago, scientists at Ukraine's Vernadsky Research Base in Antarctica found their usually white surrounds were covered in a shocking blood-red. For such a mess, the culprits behind this horrible scene are tiny.

“Our scientists have identified them under a microscope as Chlamydomonasnivalis(雪地衣藻),” said the National Antarctic Scientific Centre of Ukraine in a Facebook post.

These green algae, a type of seaweed, are common in all icy and snowy regions of Earth, from the Arctic to high mountain regions. They lie still during the freezing winter, but once the sunlight warms enough to soften their world, the algae awake, making use of the melt water and sunlight to rapidly bloom.

“The algae need liquid water in order to bloom,” University of Leeds microbiologist Steffi Lutz told Gizmodo in 2016. “The algal blooms contribute to climate change,” the center stated.

A study in 2016 showed that snow algal blooms can decrease the amount of light reflected from the snow by up to 13 percent across one melt season in the Arctic. “This will surely result in higher melt rates,” the researchers wrote.

In 2017 environmental scientists calculated that microbial communities contributed to over a sixth of the snowmelt where they were present in Alaskan ice fields. Their experiments showed that areas with more melt water led to the growth of 50 percent more algae and places with more algae melted further.

This Antarctic summer has certainly seen a lot more melt water than usual. Temperature records keep changing, leading to rapid melting previously only seen in the Northern Hemisphere.

【1】What does the underlined word “culprits” in Paragraph 1 mean?

A.Risks.B.Chances.

C.Effects.D.Criminals.

【2】What can we know about Chlamydomonasnivalis?

A.They can be found anywhere.B.They are sensitive to temperature.

C.They grow slower than before.D.They survive only one melt season.

【3】What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?

A.Ice and snow will soon disappear in the Antarctic.

B.Microbial communities bring about extreme weathers.

C.The Southern Hemisphere is warmer than the other parts.

D.Climate change and algae growth interact with each other.

【4】Which can be a suitable title for the text?

A.Why Snow Turned Blood-red.B.How Algae Began in the Arctic.

C.Why Climate Changes Greatly.D.How the Snow Reflects Sunlight.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】D

【2】B

【3】D

【4】A

【解析】

這是一篇說明文。文章說明了幾周前，烏克蘭南極洲弗納德斯基研究基地的科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，他們平時潔白的四周被一片觸目驚心的血紅色所覆蓋，而造成這一現(xiàn)象的背后原因是雪地衣藻。文章介紹了雪地衣藻的習(xí)性，以及其與氣候變化之間相互影響的關(guān)系。

【1】

詞義猜測題。結(jié)合后文behind this horrible scene are tiny可知此處指造成周圍一片觸目驚心的血紅色這一恐怖場景背后的罪犯是小小的雪地衣藻。由此可知，劃線單詞“culprits”意思為“罪犯”。A. Risks.風(fēng)險；B. Chances.機會；C. Effects.影響；D. Criminals.罪犯。故選D。

【2】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中They lie still during the freezing winter, but once the sunlight warms enough to soften their world, the algae awake, making use of the melt water and sunlight to rapidly bloom.可知它們在寒冷的冬天里靜靜地躺著，但一旦陽光溫暖到足以軟化它們的世界，藻類就會醒來，利用融化的水和陽光迅速開花。由此可知，雪地衣藻對溫度很敏感。故選B。

【3】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“The algae need liquid water in order to bloom,” University of Leeds microbiologist Steffi Lutz told Gizmodo in 2016. “The algal blooms contribute to climate change,” the center stated.可知“藻類需要液態(tài)水才能開花，”利茲大學(xué)微生物學(xué)家Steffi Lutz在2016年告訴Gizmodo。該中心表示“藻類大量繁殖導(dǎo)致了氣候變化”。由此可推知，氣候變化與藻類生長相互作用。故選D。

【4】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中A few weeks ago, scientists at Ukraine's Vernadsky Research Base in Antarctica found their usually white surrounds were covered in a shocking blood-red.可知幾周前，烏克蘭南極洲弗納德斯基研究基地的科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，他們平時潔白的四周被一片觸目驚心的血紅色所覆蓋。結(jié)合文章說明了造成這一現(xiàn)象的背后原因是雪地衣藻，介紹了雪地衣藻的習(xí)性，以及其與氣候變化之間相互影響的關(guān)系。由此可知，A選項“雪為什么會變成血紅色”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選A。