【題目】Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

Standing desks have been praised for their positive effects on physical health, reducing sitting time and lowering certain health risks linked to a sedentary( 久坐的) lifestyle. But could standing desks have positive mental effects?

New research suggests that students may think best when they are on their feet. It offers some of the first evidence of mental benefits of standing desks in classrooms.

Testing was done on high school freshmen who used standing desks, evaluating them at the beginning and end of the school year. Dr. Ranjana Mehta, an assistant professor at the Texas A&M School of Public Health, led the experiments aiming to assess standing desks’ mental benefits.

Through computerized tests, students’ executive functions were evaluated. Executive functions are the cognitive skills used to analyze tasks and break them into steps, and are directly related to academic needs like time management, memorizing facts and solving multi-step problems. These functions are largely controlled by frontal(前額的) brain regions, so researchers used a portable brain-imaging device to examine any related changes.

“Test results indicated that continued use of standing desks was associated with significant improvements in executive functions and working memory abilities,” Mehta said. “Changes in corresponding brain activation patterns were also observed.”

“Interestingly, our research showed the use of standing desks improved mental function, which is consistent with results from previous studies on school-based exercise programs,” Mehta noted.

Policymakers, public health professionals and school administrators should consider the positive effects of standing desks and make some simple changes in classrooms that will have the potential to increase energy expenditure and develop cognitive skills. That would be a valuable contribution to the educational world.

【答案】Standing desks have positive effects on physical health. Now new research offers evidence that standing desks offers mental benefits too. Experiments on high school students showed standing desks improved students’ executive function and memory/cognitive ability and problem solving skills. These effects are similar to the effects of exercise. Standing desks should be used in classrooms to burn more energy and improve cognitive skills.

【解析】

這是一篇概要寫作。短文介紹了站立式書桌對身體健康的積極影響。

概要寫作需要先理清文章主題和篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，在此基礎(chǔ)上再加以總結(jié)�？梢韵仁崂砀鞫蔚膬�(nèi)容：

第一段：提出站立式書桌對人的健康有好處，而在最后話鋒一轉(zhuǎn)，引出文章中心論點：站立式書桌對于精神方面的影響。這一部分可以總結(jié)為：Standing desks have positive effects on physical health. Now new research offers evidence that standing desks offers mental benefits too.

第二、三、四段：詳述一項針對前面論點的新研究的過程，通過觀察比較對照組高中學(xué)生學(xué)期始末的成績來評估學(xué)生大腦的執(zhí)行功能。

第五、六段：引述研究主導(dǎo)人Metha的話，得出結(jié)論：長期使用站立式書桌使得執(zhí)行功能、工作記憶能力等都有所提升，即確實能提高學(xué)生心智，與先前的研究結(jié)果是一致的。這兩部分可以總結(jié)為：Experiments on high school students showed standing desks improved students’ executive function and memory/cognitive ability and problem solving skills.

第七段：作者根據(jù)前面得出的結(jié)論向決策者、學(xué)校管理者和健康專家們提出建議。這一部分可以總結(jié)為：Standing desks should be used in classrooms to burn more energy and improve cognitive skills.

這樣就可以較為全面、清晰地寫出全文概要了。

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