The inhalation (吸入) of asbestos particles is associated with a number of lung diseases, such as asbestosis and ___50___ cancer. 
Asbestosis is caused by the entry of asbestos particles into the wall of the alveoli, causing scarring which limits the functioning of the lungs.  The lung ___51___ its elasticity and may change shape.  The initial symptoms of asbestosis are a tightness in the chest and breathlessness.  In its ___52___ stages, sufferers develop the barrel-shaped chests associated with emphysema, cyanosis, (where the skin takes a bluish ___53___ ) and club fingers.
Lung cancer, the generic ___54___ for malignant tumors（腫瘤）of the alveoli and bronchial tubes, has been shown to be directly ___55___ to the inhalation of asbestos particles.  As in the case of asbestosis, there is generally a period of inactiveness which may ___56___ from 25 to 30 years after initial exposure, despite the ___57___of further exposure.  Research suggests that there is a direct correlation between the degree of exposure to asbestos ___58___the incidence of lung cancer.  Where exposure occurs, the level of risk is further ___59___ by cigarette smoking.  Asbestos workers who smoke cigarettes have a 90% greater risk of catching lung cancer than workers who do not ___60___. 
Exposure to blue asbestos has been shown to producemesothelioma, a rare cancer of the outer lining of the lung or pleura.  In a normal population the incidence of mesothelioma is extremely ___61___. Where epidemiological surveys have revealed a higher incidence of the disease, it is almost always related to ___62___ exposure.
___63___ changes in lung tissue caused by exposure to asbestos are pleural plaques and effusions.  The former refer to a thickening of the lining of the chest wall, ___64___ the latter consists of a collection of fluid in the chest region outside the lungs.  Pleural plaques commonly remain undiagnosed and generally have no detrimental effect on health.
小題1:
A．skin B．blood C．liver D．lung
小題2:
A．losesB．gainsC．improves D．tightens
小題3:
A．earlyB．formalC．laterD．final
小題4:
A．sizeB．colorC．soundD．smell
小題5:
A．nounB．term C．wayD．a(chǎn)pproach
小題6:
A．relatedB．revealedC．comparedD．exposed
小題7:
A．disappearB．spreadC．liveD．extend
小題8:
A．presenceB．a(chǎn)ctivenessC．a(chǎn)bsenceD．intensity
小題9:
A．a(chǎn)nd B．a(chǎn)longsideC．a(chǎn)s well asD．plus
小題10:
A．decreasedB．lostC．doubledD．increased
小題11:
A．dietB．drinkC．smoke D．fare
小題12:
A．highB．low C．common D．frequent
小題13:
A．leadB．a(chǎn)sbestos C．carbon D．hydrogen
小題14:
A．ThreeB．Some C．No D．Other
小題15:
A．in caseB．now that C．whereas D．unless

小題1:D
小題2:A
小題3:C
小題4:B
小題5:B
小題6:A
小題7:D
小題8:C
小題9:A
小題10:D
小題11:C
小題12:B
小題13:B
小題14:D
小題15:C
文章講述的是石棉肺癌的各種原因。
小題1:上下文，根據(jù)前一句a number of lung diseases可知，該處的疾病與lung有關(guān)系
小題2:上下文，根據(jù)前一句limits the functioning of the lungs可知，肺部功能受限，即減退，所以此處填減少了靈活性，彈性
小題3:上下文，根據(jù)上文The initial symptoms可知，此處是后來(lái)的發(fā)展階段的
小題4:上下文，根據(jù)bluish可知，此處填的是顏色
小題5:lung cancer 肺癌，是一個(gè)專有名詞，即term
小題6:be directly related to與……有直接的；聯(lián)系
小題7:上下文，根據(jù)from 25 to 30可知，此處填的是extend延伸
小題8:上下文，根據(jù)despite可知，此處填的詞與前面的after initial exposure是相反的，所以是……的缺少/缺失
小題9:固定搭配。Between ……and ……
小題10:上下文，根據(jù)后文a 90% greater risk of catching lung 可知，危險(xiǎn)增加了
小題11:上下文，根據(jù)前一句Asbestos workers who smoke cigarettes have a 90% greater risk of catching lung cancer可知，
小題12:上下文，根據(jù)后一句Where epidemiological surveys have revealed a higher incidence of the disease，此處講的肯定是少的病例。
小題13:上下文，上文一直在講肺癌與asbestos石棉的關(guān)系
小題14:根據(jù)下文可知，此處講的原因與前面的不一樣，所以是其他的原因。
小題15:根據(jù)the former.....the latter可知，此處指對(duì)比，所以選whereas 然而。
練習(xí)冊(cè)系列答案
相關(guān)習(xí)題

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Compulsive（強(qiáng)迫的）shoppers may have a new psychological excuse to blame for their wild shopping. Psychologists at the University of Canterbury in New Zealand are studying the “shop-till-you-drop” habit as a behavioral disorder similar to compulsive eating. Compulsive shoppers frequently buy more than they can afford or more than they need, and it causes them distress(苦惱).
“It becomes a problem when you are out of control,” psychology lecturer Neville Blampied said. “When you are feeling bad and blue, what do you do? Some people eat chocolate cake and ice cream. Some people take the credit card and go out to the shop.” Bank managers understand the problem because they have to deal with people who have to be persuaded to stop using their cards drawing money.
Compulsive shopping was first discovered in 1915, although it was then known as monomania. Few studies have been done on the problem.
An advertisement in a Christchurch paper, calling for people to take part in an experimental treatment program designed by Mr. Wilson, attracted 10 replies. But the problem, said Mr. Wilson, is “clearly not rare”. He thinks that compulsive shopping should be treated with drugs. “As psychologists we are interested in non-drug treatments for behavioral difficulties,” Mr. Wilson said.
Compulsive eaters or shoppers get a kick from their habit. “Both activities provide an immediate kind of kick and you feel a bit better,” he said. “You have long-term problems, but human beings are extremely good at not seeing long-term problems and are very sensitive to short-term benefits,” he said.
The aim of the treatment was to help people find better ways of managing their emotions. The program, consisting of 10 one-hour weekly lessons and two follow-up treatments, is loosely based on teaching stress management.
“You often have to start to get people to correctly recognize their emotions. Not being able to know what you really feel weakens your ability to solve the problems connected with what’s making you feel that way,” Mr. Wilson said.
小題1:The compulsive shoppers will go shopping when ______.
A．they have lots of moneyB．they are taking drugs
C．they are feeling sadD．they win a prize
小題2:The underlined word “it” in the first paragraph most probably refers to __________.
A．compulsive eatingB．a(chǎn) new psychological excuse
C．the study done by BlampiedD．the behavior of wild shopping
小題3:Which of the following is considered important in treating compulsive shoppers?
A．Teaching them to manage their money better.
B．Teaching them to understand their emotions.
C．Persuading them not to draw money from the bank.
D．Treating them with right drugs.
小題4:When the writer says that compulsive shoppers get a kick from their habit, he means that they __________.
A．feel distressed after their wild shopping
B．feel better after treatment from psychologists
C．a(chǎn)re better able to deal with stress problems
D．have a feeling of excitement after shopping

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

LONDON—Life for Cathy Hagner and her three children is set to permanent(永久的) fast-forward.
Their full school day and her job as a lawyer's assistant are busy enough. But Hagner also has to take the two boys to soccer or hockey or basketball while dropping off her daughter at piano lessons or Girl Scout Club.
Often, the exhausted family doesn't get home until 7 pm. There is just time for a quick supper before homework. In today's world, middle-class American and British parents treat their children as if they are competitors racing for some finishing line.
Parents take their children from activity to activity in order to make their future bright. It seems that raising a genius has become a more important goal than raising a happy and well-balanced child.
"Doctors across the country are reporting a growing number of children suffering from stomachaches and headaches due to exhaustion and stress," says child expert William Doherty of the University of Minnesota.
Teachers are dealing with exhausted kids in the classroom. It's a very serious problem. Many children attend after-school clubs by necessity. But competitive pressures also create an explosion of activities. They include sports, language, music and math classes for children as young as four.
"There is a new parenting trend under way which says that you have to tap all your child's potential at a young age; otherwise you will let him down,” says Terry Alter, a Cambridge-based child and adolescent psychiatrist （青少年精神病專家）
"It isn't entirely new: there have always been pushy parents. But what was previously seen as strange behaviour is now well accepted."
小題1:From the second paragraph of this passage we can find that ______.
A．Hagner wastes much time helping her children's lessons
B．Hagner doesn't spend much time on her full-time job
C．Hagner is interested in spots and music
D．Hagner busies herself by following a trend
小題2:British parents, as the writer described in this passage, _____.
A．treat their children as spots players
B．pay no attention to their children's lessons
C．bring up their children in a simple way
D．give their children little time to develop freely
小題3:The writer's opinion about after-school clubs is that ______.
A．a(chǎn)ctivities in the country are too competitive
B．children should attend four clubs at a time
C．some clubs result in competitive pressures
D．clubs should have more subjects for school children
小題4:The last paragraph tells us that in Britain ______.
A．parents used to take their children to every club
B．parents used to be wise on how to raise children
C．parents have all benefited from children's clubs
D．parents have come to know the standard of education

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：完形填空

The findings come ___36___ a study of nearly 1,000 US people that looked at diet, calorie intake and body mass index (BMI) - a measure of obesity.___37___ is found that those who ate chocolate a few times a week were, on ___38___, slimmer than those ___39___ ate it occasionally. Even though chocolate is loaded with calories, it contains ingredients（材料）that may favour weight loss ___40___ than fat synthesis, scientists believe.___41___ boosting calorie intake, regular chocolate consumption was related to lower BMI in the study, ___42___ is published in Archives of Internal Medicine. The link remained even when other factors, like how ___43___ exercise individuals did, were taken into ___44___.And it appears it is how often you eat chocolate that is important, rather than how much of it you eat. The ___45___ found no link with quantity consumed.
___46___ to the researchers, there is only one chance in a hundred that their findings could be explained by chance alone. Lead author Dr Beatrice Golomb, from the University of California at San Diego, said: "Our findings appear to add to a body of information suggesting that the composition of calories, not just the number of them, matters for determining their ultimate impact on weight."This is not the first time scientists ___47___ that chocolate may be healthy for us. Other studies have claimed chocolate may be good for the heart. Consumption of certain types of chocolate has been linked to some favourable changes in blood pressure, insulin（胰島素）sensitivity and cholesterol（膽固醇）level. And chocolate, ___48___ dark chocolate, does contain antioxidants（抗氧化劑）which can help to mop up harmful free radicals - unstable chemicals that can damage our cells.
Dr Golomb and her team believe that antioxidant compounds, called catechins（兒茶素）, can improve lean muscle mass and reduce weight  ___49___ studies in rodents would suggest this might be so. Mice ___50___ for 15 days with epicatechin (present in dark chocolate) had improved exercise performance and observable changes to their muscle composition.They say clinical trials are now needed in humans to see ___51___ this is the case.
But before you reach ___52___ a chocolate bar, there are still lots of unanswered questions. And in the absence of conclusive evidence, experts advise caution.While there's no harm in allowing yourself a treat like ___53___ now and again, eating too much might be harmful because it often ___54___ a lot of sugar and fat too.And if you are looking to change your diet, you are ___55___ to benefit most from eating more fresh fruits and vegetables.
小題1:
A．toB．inC．from D．with
小題2:
A．AsB．ItC．WhichD．What
小題3:
A．wholeB．a(chǎn)verageC．generalD．short
小題4:
A．who B．that C．whichD．why
小題5:
A．otherB．ratherC．less D．more
小題6:
A．ThoughB．Even ifC．when D．Despite
小題7:
A．that B．whichC．whereD．when
小題8:
A．muchB．oftenC．long D．many
小題9:
A．thoughtsB．mind C．a(chǎn)ccountD．effect
小題10:
A．newsB．reportC．study D．book
小題11:
A．AccordingB．BasedC．ReplyD．Response
小題12:
A．had suggestedB．suggestedC．have suggestedD．suggest
小題13:
A．speciallyB．particularlyC．luckilyD．unfortunately
小題14:
A．a(chǎn)t leastB．a(chǎn)t mostC．in factD．by accident
小題15:
A．feedingB．fedC．to feedD．feed
小題16:
A．if B．what C．whyD．that
小題17:
A．outB．forC．with D．into
小題18:
A．noodlesB．chocolateC．rice D．nuts
小題19:
A．includesB．takesC．a(chǎn)bsorbsD．contains
小題20:
A．probableB．possible C．likelyD．a(chǎn)bout

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

In 1955, a man named Raymond Kroc together with two brothers named McDonald opened a popular restaurant in California which sold food that was easy to prepare and serve quickly. Hamburgers, French fries, and cold drinks were the main food there. Kroc opened similar eating places under the same name, “McDonald’s”, and they were an instant success. He later took over the company, and today it is one of the most famous and successful “fast-food” in America and around the world.
Why was his idea successful? Probably the most important reason was that his timing was right. In the 1950s, most married women stayed home to keep house and take care of their children. In the 1960s, many women returned to the workplace. This meant that they had less time or energy to prepare meals, so they spent more on “ TV dinners ” and fast-food restaurants. Single parents also have little time to spend in the kitchen. People living alone also depend on this type of food, since cooking for one is often more trouble than it is worth.
Fast-food is not part of the diet of all Americans. Another trend of the 1960s, sometimes called the back-to-nature movement influenced many people to avoid food that was packaged (包裝) or processed(處理). This preference for natural food continued to this day.
From the success of Raymond Kroc’s fast-food business, we can say that social economic trends influence where and what we eat.
小題1:The underlined sentence “Cooking for one is often more trouble than it is worth” means that ______.
A．cooking for some people is worth more money
B．it is not worthwhile to take too much time to cook for one person
C．there are more problems when one person cooks
D．cooking for one person cost more money
小題2:Para 3&4 seem to imply (暗示) that ________.
A．many married women began to work in the 1960s
B．natural foods are still popular today
C．fast food is not part of the diet of all Americans
D．divorce (離婚) causes people to change their eating habits
小題3:Which of the following is NOT the reason for McDonald’s success?
A．people living alone tend to depend on fast food
B．single parents have little time to spend in the kitchen
C．many women returned to the workplace in the 1960s
D．Kroc chose the “Mc Donald” brothers as his partners
小題4:The main purpose of the passage is to tell us________.
A．Raymond Kroc is the most successful fast-food business owner in the world
B．social and economic changes affect eating habits
C．fast-food is easy to prepare and serve quickly
D．Americans eat either fast food or natural food

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


We can’t help but grow older physically, but we can stay young in other ways. Do you want to stay young？ If yes is the answer, here is what you can do:
1. Throw out nonessential numbers. This includes age, weight and height. Let the doctor worry about them. That is why you pay him/her.
2. Keep only cheerful friends. The grouches （抱怨）pull you down.
3. Keep learning. Learn more about the computer, gardening, whatever. Never let the brain idle. “An idle mind is the devil’s workshop.”
4.Enjoy the simple things. When the children are young, that is all that you can afford. When they are in college, that is all you can afford. When you are on retirement, that is all you can afford!
5. Laugh often, long and loud. Laugh until you gasp for breath. Laugh so much that you can be tracked in the store by your distinctive laughter.
6. Surround yourself with what you love, whether it is family, pets, keepsakes, music, plants, or hobbies, whatever. Your home is your refuge.
7. Value your health. If it is good, preserve it. If it is unstable, improve it. If it is beyond what you can improve, get help.
8. The tears happen. Endure sorrow, and move on. The only person who is with us our entire life, is ourselves. Be alive while you are alive.
9. At every opportunity, tell the people you love that you love them.
小題1:What does the underlined sentence “Throw out nonessential numbers” mean?
A．Try to forget some unimportant numbers.
B．Do not let your age, weight or height trouble you.
C．It is not interesting to remember some numbers.
D．Some unimportant things are difficult to remember.
小題2:What is the fourth advice meant to tell us?
A．The children are so clever that we need not worry about their study.
B．Someone else can take care of the children and our late life.
C．We are rich enough to afford all the money that the children spend.
D．We needn’t worry about the children and our late life.
小題3:Which of the following advice is NOT mentioned?
A．Laugh often.B．Enjoy the simple things.
C．Drink eight cups of water a day.D．Keep in good health.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Are you nervous about climbing because you think it’s too dangerous? Do you feel you’re not fit enough to climb? Do you know how to start climbing?
Let’s consider the idea that climbing is dangerous. Being afraid is natural, but if you use suitable ropes and other climbing equipments you will feel completely safe. Climbers are usually very careful because they know what they are doing is dangerous. Accidents happen, but when they do, they tend to attract a lot of publicity. As a result, people think there are many more accidents than there are in reality.
You cannot expect to start climbing straight away. Climbing is a challenge and challenges take time. It is necessary first of all that you achieve a good level of fitness. Begin as soon as you become interested in climbing—go to the gym, go swimming, take up jogging and continue to do so throughout your training period.
Discover as much as you can about climbing. Visit the library and find books especially for beginners or buy climbing magazines and look for articles which describe your situation. Look up information on the Internet. Find out about equipment, methods and places to go.
Next, take a course on a climbing wall. There are plenty of climbing walls all over the country which have trained and qualified people as instructors. Call your local leisure centre to find out if there is one in your area. These training sessions are a quick way to get experience and you are likely to meet other beginners. After this, you can do an outside course or join a club where you can meet climbers of all abilities and eventually join in group-climbing events.
At first you may not understand the importance of a good training period, but after you have completed your first climb and you are standing safely at the top of a rock feeling thrilled, then you will know it was the right thing to do.
小題1:The article is written by ______.
A．a(chǎn) doctorB．a(chǎn)n experienced climber
C．a(chǎn) beginnerD．a(chǎn) fitness instructor
小題2:The writer thinks a new climber should ______.
A．begin by becoming fit
B．be aware of the causes of the accidents
C．have the courage to meet the challenges
D．do enough sports to get interested in climbing
小題3:By climbing walls you can ______.
A．join a club you like B．become qualified instructors
C．gain controlled experienceD．take part in group-climbing events
小題4:The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph probably means ______.
A．the climbB．the trainingC．the equipmentD．the achievement

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

For the past many centuries, people had been enjoying the benefits of green tea for the body. Many people would prefer drinking green tea than white tea and black tea, simply because of its distinct aroma(香味) not found in other types of tea. Nowadays, keeping the natural greenish color of tea leaves remained just like before. This is done by preparing the green tea just like the way it was prepared before—by washing the leaves right after pulling off them from the bush, then boiling them.
There have been many healthful claims saying that drinking green tea-based products help a lot in improving the general health of their body. For a long time, there has been many beliefs saying that green tea can help, cure beriberi disease(腳氣病), treat wounds, and even prevent tiredness. Now modern technology determines that there are even added healthful benefits that include reducing the possibility of having a heart disease and helping people to lose more weight easily.
Besides, studies have found out that green tea has Polyphenols(多酚類), a type of flaonoid(類黃酮) that greatly reduces the amount of time of cell maturation. The flavonoid found in green tea is called EGCg- a stronger matter than Vitamin C and E. It is believed to be 20 times stronger than these mentioned vitamins.
Having two cups of green tea daily is a good routine for your body. However, most doctors would suggest drinking at least 4 cups a day is the best. You can slowly increase the amount of drinking it to allow your body to get used to it. There is nothing to lose but everything to gain in drinking green tea.
小題1:Which of the following shows the right order according to the passage? _______.
a. making the leaves clean  
b. pulling off them from the bush.  
c. boiling the leaves.
A．a(chǎn), b, cB．b, a, cC．a(chǎn), c, bD．b, c, a
小題2:Which word in the passage has a similar meaning as the underlined word “distinct”________?
A．greenB．generalC．commonD．unique
小題3:Green tea can help us in many aspects EXCEPT __________.
A．Curing beriberi diseaseB．Preventing tiredness
C．Curing heart diseaseD．Losing weight
小題4:It can be inferred from the passage that __________.
A．drinking green tea has a history of thousands of years.
B．flavooid, a special vitamin, is made up of EGCg.
C．Vitamin C and E is 20 times stronger than EGCg.
D．drinking green tea has no bad effect but benefits.
小題5:Which of the following might be the best title for the text? __________.
A．Process of making green tea.B．Characteristic of green tea.
C．Benefits of drinking green tea.D．History and types of green tea.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

New York: Staying positive through the cold season could be your best defence against getting ill, new study findings suggest.
In an experiment that exposed healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus, researchers found that people with a generally sunny disposition were less likely to fall ill. The findings, published in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, build on evidence that a “positive emotional style” can help protect us from the common cold and other illnesses.
Researchers believe the reasons may be both objective----as in happiness improving immune, function----and subjective----as in happy people being less troubled by a sore throat or funny nose. "People with a positive emotional style may have different immune responses to the virus," explained lead study author Dr Sheldon Cohen of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. "And when they do get a cold, they may interpret their illness as being less severe."
Cohen and his colleagues had found in a previous study that happier people seemed less likely to catch a cold, but some questions remained as to whether the emotional trait itself had the effect.
For the new study, the researchers had 193 healthy adults complete standard measures of personality traits, self-perceived health and emotional "style." Those who tended to be happy, energetic and easy-going were judged as having a positive emotional style, while those who were often unhappy, tense and hostile had a negative style.
The researchers gave them nasal(鼻的) drops containing either a cold virus or a particular flu virus. Over the next six days, the volunteers reported on any aches, pains, sneezing or congestion they had, while the researchers collected objective data, like daily mucus production. Cohen and his colleagues found that based on objective measures of nasal woes, happy people were less likely to develop a cold.
小題1:Which is the best title for the passage?
A．Stay Away From Being Negative
B．Positive or Negative, It’s Up To You
C．An Effective Medicine For Being Fit
D．Warm People Likely To Keep Cold Away
小題2:According to Dr Cohen’s research, the reason why some people are unlikely to catch a cold is that ___________________.
A．their cheerful mood benefits the immune system
B．they have developed a certain gene against flu virus
C．they are less likely to have s sore throat and funny nose
D．they have got a stronger self-confidence in their health
小題3:The underlined word “disposition” (paragraph 2) probably means ________.
A．characterB．dayC．futureD．occupation
小題4:The passage is probably written for ___________________.
A．medical studentsB．lead authorsC．the publicD．the volunteers

查看答案和解析>>

同步練習(xí)冊(cè)答案