Question

16．Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since．A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water．He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away．He can play，catch and hit a ball as well as his son．A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins"Twinkle，twinkle，little star"or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears．
   One explanation is the law of overlearning，which can be stated as follows：Once we have learned something，additional（額外的） learning trials（嘗試）increase the length（長度） of time we will remember it．
   In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming，bicycle riding，and playing baseball long after we have learned them．We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as"Twinkle，twinkle，little star"and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks．We not only learn but overlearn．
  The multiplication tables（乘法口訣表）are an exception（例外） to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school，because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood．
   The law of overlearning explains why cramming（突擊學(xué)習(xí)）for an examination，though it may result in a passing grade，is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course．By cramming，a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination，but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned．A little overlearning，on the other hand，is really necessary for one's future development．
32．What is the main idea of paragraph I？C
A．Poem reading is a good way to learn words．
B．Children have a better memory than grown-ups．
C．People remember well what they learned in childhood．
D．Stories for children arc easy to remember．
33．The author explains the law of overlearning byD．
A．presenting research findings             
B．using examples
C．making a comparison                  
D．setting down general rules
34．What does the word"they"in Paragraph 4 refer to？A
A．The multiplication tables．
B．Commonly accepted rules．
C．Things easily forgotten．
D．School subjects．
35．What is the author's opinion on cramming？C
A．It leads to failure in college exams．
B．It's possible to result in poor memory．
C．It's helpful only in a limited way．
D．It increases students'learning interest．

Answer 1

分析 本文是一篇議論文，主要論述我們成年人常常驚嘆能很好地記著兒時學(xué)過的東西，這是兒時過度學(xué)習(xí)的結(jié)果，是因?yàn)楫?dāng)我們兒時學(xué)會一樣?xùn)|西的時候，我們不是就此停止，而是繼續(xù)練習(xí)，才使我們記憶深刻．過度學(xué)習(xí)，就是當(dāng)我們學(xué)過了一遍新的東西，補(bǔ)充學(xué)習(xí)的嘗試能讓我們更長時間地記住它．突擊學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)生可能會很好地通過考試，但會很快地忘記所學(xué)過的大部分東西．微不足道的過度學(xué)習(xí)，對于一個人的發(fā)展是十分必要的．

解答 32．C    段落大意題．根據(jù)本段第一句"Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since．"可知，本段講述的是人們經(jīng)常能夠記住我們小時候所學(xué)的內(nèi)容．接下來還舉了另外幾個例子來說明．故選C．
33．D    推理判斷題．根據(jù)第三段"In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming，bicycle riding，and playing baseball long after we have learned them"，說明作者是通過舉例說明的方法來解釋這個原理的，故選D．
34． A   詞意猜測題．根據(jù)第三段中"The multiplication tables（乘法口訣表）are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school"可知，乘法口訣也是過度學(xué)習(xí)的一個結(jié)果，因此這里"them"是指代"過度學(xué)習(xí)的一個結(jié)果"，故選A．
35．C    推理判斷題．根據(jù)文章最后一段"The law of over learning explains why cramming （突擊學(xué)習(xí)）for an examination，though it may result in a passing grade，is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course．By cramming，a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination，but he's likely soon to forget almost everything he learned．"可知，cramming （突擊學(xué)習(xí)）的效果只能延續(xù)很短的時間，突擊學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)生可能會很好地通過考試，但他會很快地忘記他所學(xué)過的大部分東西，所以說只在有限的方面起作用．故選C．

點(diǎn)評 做閱讀時經(jīng)常犯錯的主要原因是，僅憑讀過文章后殘留在腦海中的一絲印象來勾選答案，這樣便很容易掉入出題人故意設(shè)布下的題目陷阱．所謂閱讀理解，對于題目的理解一定要忠實(shí)于原文，因此，每一道題都應(yīng)該與原文作全面的對比與核查，再得出答案．也就是說，閱讀理解的每一道題目，在原文都應(yīng)該有明確的出處，我們把這一出處叫做原文相關(guān)句，（1）排除與原文相關(guān)句主題不一致的選項(xiàng)（2）排除與原文相關(guān)句態(tài)度相反的選項(xiàng)  （3）排除用于過于極端或負(fù)面的選項(xiàng)（4）注意結(jié)合文章主旨和主題去排除．