Question

2．In China，as in many countries，the north-south divide runs deep．People from the north are seen as hale and hearty，while southerners are often portrayed as cunning，cultured traders．Northerners are taller than southerners．The north eats noodles，while the south eats rice-and according to new research，when it comes to personality，that difference has meant everything．
A study published Friday by a group of psychologists in the journal Science finds that China's noodle-slurping northerners are more independent，show more"analytic thought"and divorce more frequently．By contrast，the authors write，rice-eating southerners show more qualities traditionally associated with East Asian culture，including more"holistic thought"and lower divorce rates．
The reason？Cultivating rice，the authors say，is a lot harder．Picture a rice paddy，its delicate seedlings tucked in a bed of water．They require careful tending and many hours of labor-by some estimates，twice as much as wheat-as well as reliance on irrigation systems that require neighborly cooperation．As the authors write，for southerners growing rice，"strict self-reliance might have meant starvation"．
Growing wheat，by contrast，the north's staple grain，is much simpler．One Chinese farming guide from the 1600s quoted in the study advised aspiring farmers that"if one is short of labor power，it is best to grow wheat．"
To produce their findings，the authors evaluated the attitudes of 1，162Han Chinese students in Beijing and Liaoning in the north and in Fujian，Guangdong，Yunnan and Sichuan in the south．To control for other factors that distinguish the north and south-such as climate，dialect and contact with herding cultures-the authors also analyzed differences between various neighboring counties in five central provinces along China's rice-wheat border．
According to the authors，the influence of rice cultivation can help explain East Asia's"strangely persistent interdependence"．For example，they say South Korea and Japan have remained less individualistic than Western countries，even as they've grown wealthier．
The authors aren't alone in observing the influence various crops have on shaping culture．Malcolm Gladwell in his 2008book Outliers also drew connections between a hard-working ethic （measured by a willingness to fill out long，boring questionnaires） and a historical tradition of rice cultivation in places such as South Korea and Japan，given that the farming of such crops is arguably an equally boring chore．
Title：How China's North-South Divide Has Influence on （71）Shaping Personality．

（72）Difference（s）/Distinction（s）in personality	●China's northerners （73）feed（1ive）on noodles，and they are thought of as hale，hearty and taller with more （74）independenceand"analytic thought"as well as higher divorce rates ●On the contrary，the southerners prefer eating rice and have more"holistic thought"and lower divorce rates
Reasons	●Planting rice needs twice more （75）1aborthan planting wheat ●Cultivating rice relies on irrigation system that requires neighbors to （76）cooperatewell ●If you are over independent，you might （77）starvein the south ●If you are （78）1acking（weak）in labor power，it is best to grow wheat in the north
The Research	●The attitudes of 1，162 Han Chinese students were evaluated ●Other unrelated factors like climate，dialect and herding cultures were carefully （79）controlled ●The result shows the influence of rice cultivation can result in more cooperation and explain East Asia's"strangely persistent interdependence"
Another（80）similar（related，relevant）observation	Malcolm Gladwell also found the influence crops have on culture in his 2008 book Outliers

Answer 1

分析 北方人吃面，而南方人吃米，并且根據(jù)最新的研究，吃米吃面會導(dǎo)致個性差異，本文主要講述了南北差異如何對個性的塑造產(chǎn)生影響．

解答 71．Shaping 細節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)文章第一段的The north eats noodles，while the south eats rice-and according to new research，when if comes to personality，that difference has meant everything以及最后一段的The authors aren't alone in observing the influence various crops have on shaping culture可知，北方人吃面，而南方人吃米，并且根據(jù)最新的研究，吃米吃面會導(dǎo)致個性差異，而且作者們不單單觀察了不同的作物對文化的影響．本文主要講述了南北差異如何對個性的塑造產(chǎn)生影響．根據(jù)shaping culture可知Shaping符合題意．
72．Difference（s）/Distinction（s）  細節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)文章第一段的In China，as in many countries，the north-south divide runs deep以及The north eats noodles．while the south eats rice-and according to new research，when it comes to personality，that difference has meant everything可知，就像在許多國家那樣，在中國，南方和北方有很大的不同．北方人吃面，而南方人吃米，并且根據(jù)最新的研究，吃米吃面會導(dǎo)致個性差異．由此可知，本部分主要講述了南方人和北方人的個性差異．故Difference（s）/Distinction（s）符合題意．
73．feed（1ive） 細節(jié)理解題． 根據(jù)文章第一段的The north eats noodles，while the south eats rice可知，北方人吃面，而南方人吃米．根據(jù)eats noodles可知feed（1ive）正確．feed/live on sth．為固定短語，意為"以…為食"．
74．independence  細節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)文章第二段的A study published Friday by a group of psychologists in the journal Science finds that China's noodle-slurping northerners are more independent，show more"analytic thought"and divorce more frequently可知，一個心理學(xué)家小組在周五的《科學(xué)雜志》上發(fā)表了一項研究：中國吃面的北方人更多的是個人主義，展現(xiàn)出"分析思路"并且離婚更頻繁．根據(jù)more independent可知independence符合題意．
75.1abor  細節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)文章第三段的They require careful tending and many hours of labor-by sonic estimates，twice as much as wheat可知，根據(jù)一些統(tǒng)計，種植水稻需要精心的照料和數(shù)小時的勞動力，是小麥（耗費的）兩倍．根據(jù)many hours of labor可知labor正確．
76．cooperate  細節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)文章第三段的as well as reliance on irrigation systems that require neighborly cooperation可知，種植水稻還需依賴那種靠鄰里間合作起作用的灌溉系統(tǒng)．根據(jù)neighborly'cooperation可知cooperate符合題意．
77．starve 細節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)文章第三段的As the authors write，for southerners growing rice，"strict self-reliance might have meant starvation"可知，正如作者所寫的那樣，對于種植大米的南方人來說，過分的獨立耕種可能意味著挨餓．根據(jù)might have meant starvation司知starve正確．
78.1acking（weak） 細節(jié)理解題． 根據(jù)文章第四段的One Chinese farming guide from the 1600s quoted in the study advised aspiring farmers that"if one is short of labor power，it is best to grow wheat．"可知，研究中引用了17世紀(jì)給有抱負的農(nóng)民的一個中國種植經(jīng)驗"如果一個農(nóng)民缺乏勞動力，那他最好去種小麥．"根據(jù)short of labor power可知lacking（weak）符合題意．be lacking in為固定短語，意為"缺乏，短缺"；be weak in為固定短語，意為"在…方面弱、差"．
79．controlled  細節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)文章第五段的To control for other factors that distinguish the north and south-such as climate，dialect and contact with herding cultures-the authors also analyzed differences between various neighboring counties in five centralprovinces along China's rice-wheat border可知，為了控制會導(dǎo)致南北方差異的其他因素，如：氣候，方言和與傳統(tǒng)文化的聯(lián)系，作者們也分析了位于中國種植大米和小麥地區(qū)周邊的五個中心省里的不同縣城之問的差異．根據(jù)To control for other factors司知controlled正確．
80．similar（related，relevant） 細節(jié)理解題．  根據(jù)文章最后一段的Malcolm Gladwell in his 2008 book"‘Outliers"also drew connections between a hard-working ethic （measured by a willingness to fill out long，boring questionnaires） and a historical tradition of rice cultivation in places such as South Korea and Japan，given that the farming of such crops is arguably an equally boring chore可知，麥爾坎•葛拉威爾在他2008年出版的《異常數(shù)據(jù)》中也把勤勞的職業(yè)道德（通過是否愿意填寫繁雜無聊的問卷測出）和一些地方（如：韓國和日本）種植大米的歷史傳統(tǒng)聯(lián)系 起來，發(fā)現(xiàn)：種植這些作物可以說等同于無聊的事情．根據(jù)also drew connections可知，2008年出版的《異常數(shù)據(jù)》里有又一相似的或相關(guān)的觀察．故similar（related，relevant）符合題意．

點評 本文考查細節(jié)題為主，細節(jié)題可以在文章中直接找到與答案有關(guān)的信息？或是其變體．搜查信息在閱讀中非常重要它包括理解作者在敘述某事時使用的具體事實、數(shù)據(jù)、圖表等細節(jié)信息．在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都屬于這類圍繞主體展開的細節(jié)．做這類題一般采用尋讀法？即先讀題，然后帶著問題快速閱讀短文，找出與問題有關(guān)的詞語或句子，再對相關(guān)部分進行分析對比，找出答案．