Many people turn to doctors or self-help books, but they ignore(忽視) a powerful thing that could help them fight illness: their friends.

Researchers are only now starting to pay attention to the importance of friendship in health. A 10-year Australian study found that old people with a large circle of friends were 22 percent less likely to die during the study period than those with fewer friends. A large 2007 study showed an increase of nearly 60 percent in the risk(風(fēng)險) for obesity (肥胖) among people whose friends gained weight. And last year, Harvard researchers reported that strong social ties could improve brain health as we age.

“In general, the role (作用) of friendship in our lives isn’t well realized,” said Rebecca, a professor at the University of North Carolina. “Friendship has a bigger effect on our psychological (心理的) health than family relationships.”

While(盡管) many friendship studies are about the close relationships of women, some research shows that men can benefit, too. In a six-year study of 736 middle-aged men, having friendships reduces the risk of heart attack. Only smoking was as important a risk factor (因素) as having little social support.

Exactly why friendship has such a big effect isn’t entirely(完全) clear. While friends can send a sick person to the hospital or pick up medicine, the benefits go well beyond physical assistance. Friendship clearly has a big psychological effect. “People with stronger friendships feel like there is someone they can turn to,” said Karen, a doctor. “The message of these studies is that friends make your life better.”

1.The three studies in the second paragraph show that ______.

A. old people need friends the most

B. friends can help us lose weight

C. social ties are connected to health

D. more friends make us healthier

2.What do Rebecca’s words in the 3rd paragraph mean?

A. Friendship is more important to women than to men.

B. What people need most is a friend’s care.

C. Friendship is more important than family relationship.

D. The value of friendship hasn’t been fully understood.

3.The author mentioned smoking in the 4rd paragraph to discuss ______.

A. the cause of heart attack B. the risk of having no friends

C. smoking is bad for men D. friends’ influence on habits

4.What would be the best title of the text?

A. Friends are better than medicine

B. Friends are as important as a family

C. Having good friends leads to a healthier life

D. Friendship makes people happy

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科目：高中英語 來源：2014-2015學(xué)年北京市西城區(qū)高三一�？荚囉⒄Z試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解

The Netherlands on Monday introduced its first-ever " intelligent bicycle , fitted with electronic devices to help bring clown the high accident rate among elderly cyclists in the bicycle-mad country．

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The devices on the bike are linked through an onboard computer with a vibrating （震動的） warning system fitted in the bicycle's saddle and handlebars to warn cyclists of the coming danger.

The saddle vibrates when other cyclists approach from behind, while, the handlebars do the same when barriers appear ahead．

" Accidents often happen when cyclists look behind them or get a fright when they are passed at high speed," said Maurice Kwakkernaat, one of TNO's research scientists involved in the project．"The onboard system technology has already been at work in the car industry," he said．

'' More and more elderly people are using a bicycle, not only for short distances, but also for longer distances," Dutch Environment and Infrastructure Minister Melanie Schultz van Haegen told AFP．"This type of bicycle is truly needed in the Netherlands because it will help us bring down the number of elderly people who are injured every year and allow them to continue to enjoy cycling," she said．

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1.The intelligent bicycle is aimed to ______．

A．protect the environment

B．help reduce traffic pressure

C．popularize the use of bicycles

D．improve safety for elderly cyclists

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A．The saddle．

B．The wheels．

C．The handlebars．

D．The onboard computer．

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A．the elderly ride bicycles wherever they go

B．the elderly are planning to give up cycling

C．the number of elderly cyclists is decreasing

D．the accident rate among elderly cyclists is high

4.Which is the best title for the passage?

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B．Elderly Cyclists

C．A Smart Bicycle

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Cleanliness is important to academic success at one Chinese university where compulsory labor is part of a program designed to award class credits while teaching students with proper moral values．

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Some students，however，are against it because they feel the demands of the cleaning program are a distraction．Some often show up late and hungry to their morning classes after rushing to sweep the campus and clean their rooms．

寫作內(nèi)容：1．用約30個單詞寫出上文概要；

2．用約120個單詞發(fā)表你的觀點，內(nèi)容包括：

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2．請他做簡短發(fā)言；

3．時間：3月30日（周一）下午3:30；

4．地點：學(xué)校禮堂。

注意：1．詞數(shù)不少于50。

2．可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

3．開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。

提示詞：成人儀式the Coming of age ceremony

Dear Jeff,

____________________________________________________________________________

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Yours，

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根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，選項中有兩項為多余選項。

The average computer user has between 5 and 15 username/password combinations to log in different kinds of accounts. Some demand you use a specific number of symbols and digits, while others require you to change your password every 60 days. The feeling of confusion resulting from memorizing these login information has grown so common that it actually has a name: password fatigue(疲勞).

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1. While these practices make it easier to remember login information, they also make it easier for thieves to hack into accounts.

Single Sign-On (SSO) confirmation and password management software can help solve this problem. With SSO, users only need to remember one password to log in to the main system.

2. SSO software is typically used by large companies, schools, or libraries.

3. If a user loses or forgets the password required to log in to SSO software, the user will then lose access to all of the applications linked to the SSO account. Users who rely on password management software face the same problems.

Although most websites or network systems allow users to recover or change lost passwords by providing email addresses or answering a prompt（提示）, this process can waste time and cause further frustration. What is more, recovering a forgotten password is only a temporary solution.

4.

Some computer scientists have suggested computers rely on biometrics(生物測定學(xué)). 5. The use of biometrics raises questions concerning privacy and can also be expensive to practice.

Software engineers and computer security experts are still searching for the cure to password fatigue. Until they find the perfect solution, however, everyone will simply have to rely on the password system currently in place.

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— I’m sorry．I ________ at you the other day．

— Forget it．I was a bit out of control myself．

A．shouldn’t shout

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第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將

該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

（請將答案涂在答題卡上E=AB F=AC G=AD）

Facing the Enemies Within

We are not born with courage, but neither are we born with fear. Fears, even the most basic ones, can totally destroy our ambitions. Fear can destroy fortunes. Fear can destroy relationships. Fear, if left unchecked, can destroy our lives. Fear is one of the many enemies living inside us.

1.The first enemy we face is indecision(優(yōu)柔寡斷). Indecision is the thief of opportunity.2.Take a sword to this enemy.

The second enemy inside is doubt.3. But you also can’t let doubt take over. Many people doubt the past, doubt the future, doubt each other, doubt the government, doubt the possibilities and doubt the opportunities. Worst of all, they doubt themselves. I’m telling you, doubt will destroy your life and your chances of success. It will empty both your bank account and your heart. _4.

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A. Sure, there’s room for healthy doubt. You can’t believe everything

B. Build your courage to fight what’s holding you back, what’s keeping you from your goals and dreams.

C. Let me tell you about two of the other enemies we face from within.

D. Below are the ways which might be useful for us to overcome our fears.

E. Doubt is an enemy. Go after it. Get rid of it.

F. It will steal your chances for a better future.

G. Some people doubt everything.

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Your ______ as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn.

A. performance B. growth

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寫作一(滿分l5分)

請結(jié)合材料按要求用英文寫作，詞數(shù)不少于60字

Although failures always make us depressed，it still will make us stronger，which no other

success can do．

要求：1．應(yīng)緊扣材料，有明確的觀點；

2．詞數(shù)不少于60；

3．在答題卡上作答。

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