Question

【題目】Everybody sleeps, but what people stay up late to catch or wake up early in order not to miss varies by culture？

From data collected, it seems the things that cause us to lose the most sleep, on average, are sporting events, time changes, and holidays.

Around the world, people changed sleep patterns thanks to the start or end of daylight savings time. Russians, for example, began to wake up about a half-hour later each day after President Vladimir Putin shifted the country permanently to "winter time" starting on October 26.

Russia's other late nights and early mornings generally correspond to public holidays. On New Year's Eve, Russians have the world's latest bedtime, hitting the hay at around 3:30 a. m.

Russians also get up an hour later on International Women's Day, the day for treating and celebrating female relatives.

Similarly, Americans' late nights, late mornings, and longest sleeps fall on three-day weekends.

Canada got the least sleep of the year the night it beat Sweden in the Olympic hockey (冰球) final.

The World Cup is also chiefly responsible for sleep deprivation. The worst night for sleep in the U. K. was the night of the England-Italy match on June 14. Brits stayed up a half-hour later to watch it, and then they woke up earlier than usual the next morning thanks to summer nights, the phenomenon in which the sun barely sets in northern countries in the summertime. That was nothing, though, compared to Germans, Italians, and the French, who stayed up around an hour and a half later on various days throughout the summer to watch the Cup.

It should be made clear that not everyone has a device to record their sleep patterns; in some of these nations, it’s likely that only the richest people do. And people who elect to track their sleep may try to get more sleep than the average person. Even if that’s the case, though, the above findings are still striking. If the most health-conscious among us have such deep swings in our shut-eye levels throughout the year, how much sleep are the rest of us losing?

【1】What do we learn about the Russians regarding sleep?

A. They don’t fall asleep until very late. B. They don’t sleep much on weekends.

C. They sleep longer than people elsewhere. D. They get less sleep on public holidays.

【2】The underlined word “deprivation” in the last paragraph but one means ________.

A. depression B. loss C. observation D. trouble

【3】What is the most probable reason for some rich people to use a device to record their sleep patterns?

A. They have trouble falling asleep. B. They are involved in a sleep research.

C. They want to get sufficient sleep. D. They want to go to bed on regular hours.

【4】What does the author imply in the last paragraph?

A. Sleeplessness does harm to people’s health.

B. It is important to study our sleep patterns.

C. Few people really know the importance of sleep.

D. Average people probably sleep.

Answer 1

【答案】d up a half-hour later to watch it,… woke up earlier than usual the next morning和loss 關(guān)系。B選項loss

依據(jù)邏輯推理猜測詞義。運用邏輯推理猜測詞義是使用最廣考查最多也最易失分的猜詞方式。要求考生具備整合分散、復(fù)雜信息的能力，充分利用上下文中相關(guān)的詞匯并結(jié)合具體的語境，從形式和內(nèi)容上把握語言之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，理順語言之間的邏輯關(guān)系，進而達到猜詞的目的。常見的邏輯關(guān)系有：因果關(guān)系，同位關(guān)系，對比關(guān)系，轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系等。

【3】C

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第九段中的“…. not everyone has a device to record their sleep patterns; in some of these nations, it’s likely that only the richest people do. And people who elect to track their sleep may try to get more sleep than the average person.”可知，使用這種裝置就是為了比一般人睡的多點。分析選項可知，C項（想有充足的睡眠）符合題意，故選C項。

【4】C

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Even if that's the case, though, the above findings are still striking. If the most health-conscious among us have such deep swings in our shut-eye levels throughout the year, how much sleep are the rest of us losing?”（盡管如此，上述發(fā)現(xiàn)仍然令人震驚。如果我們當(dāng)中最有健康意識的人一年中的睡眠水平有如此劇烈的波動，那么我們其余的人會失去多少睡眠呢？）可推斷出，很少有人意識到睡眠的重要性，故選C。

【解析】許多人熬夜或早起因為不同的文化而原因各不相同。從收集到的數(shù)據(jù)來看，我們的睡眠時間、體育賽事、假期等因素都會讓我們失去最多的睡眠。這個數(shù)據(jù)令人震驚，然而卻幾乎沒人意識到睡眠對我們是多么的重要。

【1】D

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Russia's other late nights and early mornings generally correspond to public holidays. On New Year's Eve, Russians have the world's latest bedtime, hitting the hay at around 3:30 a. m.”(在公共假日，俄羅斯人通常熬夜和早起。除夕之夜，俄羅斯人有了世界上最遲的就寢時間，大約凌晨3點30分睡覺。)可知，俄羅斯人在公共假期睡的非常少。分析選項可知D項（他們在公共假日睡眠較少）符合題意，故選D項。

【2】B

【解題剖析】此題屬于猜測詞義中的（4）：依據(jù)邏輯推理猜測詞義。答案需要推斷works和contributions對比關(guān)系。

【答案定位】根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“The worst night for sleep in the U. K. was the night of the England-Italy match on June 14. Brits stayed up a half-hour later to watch it, and then they woke up earlier than usual the next morning”接著講述世界杯期間，英國人比平常晚睡半小時但比平常早起，可知由于世界杯賽時，很多人的睡眠少了，即世界杯是造成英國人睡眠不足的主要原因。可推知：此處stayed up a half-hour later to watch it,… woke up earlier than usual the next morning和loss 關(guān)系。

【推理關(guān)系】題干The underlined word “deprivation” in the last paragraph but one means 文章內(nèi)容The worst night for sleep in the U. K. was the night of the England-Italy match on June 14. Brits stayed up a half-hour later to watch it, and then they woke up earlier than usual the next morning