分析 傳統(tǒng)外科手術(shù)需要外科醫(yī)生在患者身體上開(kāi)刀劃開(kāi)一個(gè)很大的傷口以接近其內(nèi)臟器官.對(duì)操作上有專業(yè)和復(fù)雜步驟的心臟手術(shù)而言,過(guò)去的普遍情況是要在患者的胸部劃開(kāi)很長(zhǎng)的傷口然后分裂胸骨以到達(dá)心臟所處的位置.作這個(gè)手術(shù)的患者經(jīng)常要冒著感染的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),以為細(xì)菌會(huì)感染皮膚上的切口.除此之外,手術(shù)的恢復(fù)期也很長(zhǎng).
近年來(lái),一項(xiàng)被稱為"鎖眼切口手術(shù)"的外科手術(shù)技術(shù)變得更加普遍.總體而言,這種手術(shù)將在手術(shù)所要實(shí)施的區(qū)域周圍劃開(kāi)幾個(gè)小傷口.手術(shù)軟管被推進(jìn)這些傷口的小孔中,并且一個(gè)叫做內(nèi)窺鏡的微型攝像頭被置于體內(nèi).這個(gè)攝像頭和一個(gè)在放置好的大型操控屏幕連接,這樣醫(yī)生就可以在實(shí)施手術(shù)時(shí)了解攝像頭的位置.
今天其他技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的進(jìn)步成果也在手術(shù)中得到應(yīng)用.一個(gè)被稱作達(dá)芬奇手術(shù)系統(tǒng)的新機(jī)器在美國(guó)的醫(yī)院中已經(jīng)得到試驗(yàn).不同于鎖眼切口手術(shù),達(dá)芬奇手術(shù)系統(tǒng)的機(jī)器人運(yùn)動(dòng)部件被設(shè)計(jì)出來(lái)以模仿手術(shù)中的自然人的手部和腕部動(dòng)作,因此就為手術(shù)提供了更優(yōu)質(zhì)的控制性和敏感性.這個(gè)系統(tǒng)由來(lái)自控制臺(tái)的外科醫(yī)生控制.坐在距離患者只有幾英尺的控制臺(tái)前,外科醫(yī)生能夠通過(guò)控制并移動(dòng)高度敏感的、使他能操控手術(shù)工具的操作板來(lái)實(shí)施手術(shù).
盡管達(dá)芬奇手術(shù)系統(tǒng)正在接受一些程序方法上的試驗(yàn)修改,它已經(jīng)被外科醫(yī)生認(rèn)為是具有革命性的成果受到歡迎.患有嚴(yán)重疾病的患者仍然必須承受大手術(shù),但更小的傷口和傷口擴(kuò)散性不強(qiáng)的手術(shù)通常意味著所需的手術(shù)恢復(fù)期更短了.在一些病例中,當(dāng)采用達(dá)芬奇手術(shù)系統(tǒng)時(shí)患者在醫(yī)院的停留時(shí)間已經(jīng)削減了一半.不利的一面在于一些手術(shù)比以往多花了五十分鐘因?yàn)橐恍┩饪漆t(yī)生在使用新技術(shù)方面還缺少經(jīng)驗(yàn).隨著外科醫(yī)生熟悉這些機(jī)器,手術(shù)時(shí)間可能會(huì)有所減少
解答 72-75 BCCD
72.B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題 根據(jù)第一段第一句Traditional surgical procedures require surgeons to make large incisions(傷口) in a patient's body in order to gain access to the internal organs,可知,傳統(tǒng)外科手術(shù)需要外科醫(yī)生在患者身體上開(kāi)刀劃開(kāi)一個(gè)很大的傷口,故答案為B
73.C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題 第二段The awkward part of keyhole surgery is that it is counterintuitive; that is to say,if a surgeon wants to move the tool to the left,he or she must push it to the right.可知,這種手術(shù)的缺點(diǎn)是醫(yī)生進(jìn)行手術(shù)時(shí)手術(shù)器具運(yùn)行方向是相反的,故答案為C
74.C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題 根據(jù)Unlike keyhole surgery,the da Vinci's robot's moving parts are designed to imitate the natural hand and wrist movement of a surgeon,thus providing better control and sensitivity.可知,達(dá)芬奇手術(shù)系統(tǒng)提供了更優(yōu)質(zhì)的控制性和敏感性.故答案為C
75.D 主旨大意題 通讀全文可知,本文主要談?wù)摿爽F(xiàn)代外科手術(shù)方面一項(xiàng)新技術(shù)的運(yùn)用,故答案為D
點(diǎn)評(píng) 本題主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章的細(xì)節(jié)理解能力,該題型主要測(cè)試學(xué)生對(duì)文章(或某一段落)中某一些特定細(xì)節(jié)或文章的重要事實(shí)的辨認(rèn)能力,分直接辨認(rèn)和間接辨認(rèn)兩種.直接辨認(rèn)細(xì)節(jié)型一般只要求學(xué)生能從閱讀材料中直接獲取、記住信息,然后能快速地將他們回憶出來(lái);而間接辨認(rèn)型不僅要求讀者能從閱讀材料中直接獲取信息,還要將獲得的信息進(jìn)行各種轉(zhuǎn)換,為閱讀材料中某些詞匯、短語(yǔ)及句型等找到正確的英語(yǔ)釋義.
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