Question

Einstein's connection with the politics of the nuclear bomb is well known: He signed the letter to President Franklin Roosevelt that persuaded the United States to take the idea seriously, and he engaged in postwar efforts to prevent nuclear war. But these were not just the isolated actions of a scientist dragged into the world of politics. Einstein's life was, in fact, "divided between politics and equations(方程式)."

Sickened by what he saw as the waste of human lives during the First World War, he became involved in antiwar demonstrations. His support of civil disobedience did little to endear him to his colleagues. Then, following the war, he directed his efforts toward reconciliation(調(diào)停) and improving international relations. And soon his politics were making it difficult for him to visit the United States, even to give lectures.

Einstein's second great cause was Zionism(猶太復(fù)國主義). Although he was Jewish, Einstein rejected the idea of God. However, a growing awareness of anti-Semitism(反猶太主義), both before and during the War, led him gradually to identify with the Jewish community, and later to become an outspoken supporter of Zionism.

His theories came under attack. One man was accused of motivating others to murder Einstein and fined a mere six dollars. When a book was published entitled 100 Authors Against Einstein, he retorted, "If I were wrong, then one would have been enough!" When Hitler came to power, Einstein then in America declared he would not return to Germany. While Nazi attacked his house and confiscated his bank account, a Berlin newspaper displayed the headline "Good News from Einstein--He's Not Coming Back."

Fearing that German scientists would build a nuclear bomb, Einstein proposed that the United States should develop its own. But he was publicly warning of the dangers of nuclear war and proposing international control of nuclear weaponry. Throughout his life, Einstein's efforts toward peace probably achieved little and won him few friends. His support of the Zionist cause, however, was recognized in 1952, when he was offered the presidency of Israel. He declined, saying he was too naive in politics. But perhaps his real reason was different:" Equations are more important to me, because politics is for the present, but an equation is something for eternity."

1.The reason why Einstein was against the war was that __

A. he tried to get involved in politics B. the nuclear bomb could be built by German scientists

C. many people died during the war in vain D. President Franklin persuaded him to do so

2. We can learn from the passage that Einstein __

A. believed in God B. was proud of being Jewish

C. suggested that nuclear weaponry should be banned D. made great achievements in peace

3. The examples in paragraph 4 are used to prove __

A. many people in support of Zionism hated Einstein

B. the reason why Einstein would not return to Israel

C. Einstein was in danger of being killed

D. Einstein didn't enjoy his popularity in the field Of politics

4.What is the structure of the passage?

 

Answer 1

1.C

2.B

3.D

4.A

【解析】本文主要介紹了愛因斯坦的政治主張，他反對(duì)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，但是他建議美國發(fā)展核武器；他熱愛猶太名族，是一名猶太復(fù)國主義者。但是他的政治主張受到很多人的反對(duì)。

1.C

【試題解析】推理題。本題教難。根據(jù)文章第二段1,2行Sickened by what he saw as the waste of human lives during the First World War, he became involved in antiwar demonstrations.可知因?yàn)樵趹?zhàn)爭(zhēng)中很多人都失去了生命，所以愛因斯坦是反戰(zhàn)的。故C項(xiàng)正確。

2.2】B

【試題解析】推理題。根據(jù)第三段2,3行However, a growing awareness of anti-Semitism(反猶太主義), both before and during the War, led him gradually to identify with the Jewish community, and later to become an outspoken supporter of Zionism.可知愛因斯坦是猶太復(fù)國主義的堅(jiān)定支持者，這更說明他是一個(gè)熱愛猶太名族的人，以自己是猶太人而自豪。故B正確。

3.3】D

【試題解析】推理題。根據(jù)本段1,2行His theories came under attack. One man was accused of motivating others to murder Einstein and fined a mere six dollars. When a book was published entitled 100 Authors Against Einstein, he retorted, "If I were wrong, then one would have been enough!"很多人都反對(duì)他的政治觀點(diǎn)，甚至有人出書來反對(duì)他，說明他在政治上并沒有受到人們的歡迎。故D正確。

4.4】A

【試題解析】篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。本文第一段最后一句Einstein's life was, in fact, "divided between politics and equations(方程式).說明愛因斯坦在政治上和學(xué)術(shù)上是分開的。在2,3,4段里分別講述了他的政治以及反戰(zhàn)的主張。在最后一段進(jìn)行了一個(gè)總結(jié)，和第一段最后一句形成呼應(yīng)。故A項(xiàng)正確。

【長(zhǎng)難句解析】

1.Sickened by what he saw as the waste of human lives during the First World War, he became involved in antiwar demonstrations.

【翻譯】因?yàn)樵诘谝淮问澜绱髴?zhàn)中看到很多人死于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)而感到難受，愛因斯坦參加了反戰(zhàn)游行。

【分析】本句中前面半句是分詞在句中做狀語的用法，動(dòng)詞sicken使…惡心；與句子主語he之間構(gòu)成了被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以使用過去分詞。實(shí)際上這里的sickened已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)換成形容詞，修飾主語he的情況。

2. Fearing that German scientists would build a nuclear bomb, Einstein proposed that the United States should develop its own.

【翻譯】擔(dān)心德國的科學(xué)家會(huì)制造出核武器，愛因斯坦建議美國發(fā)展自己的核武器。

【分析】本句中含有一個(gè)虛擬語氣，動(dòng)詞propose建議，后面的賓語從句要使用should+動(dòng)詞原形改成的虛擬語氣，should可以省略。英語中有4——四個(gè)表示“要求”的詞，require, ask ,tell, demand；3——三個(gè)表示“建議”的詞，suggest, recommend, advice；2——兩個(gè)表示“命令”的詞，order,command ； 1——一個(gè)表示“堅(jiān)持”的詞，insist。他們后面接 should+動(dòng)詞原形 的虛擬語氣。Should可以省略。