【題目】 The study, published today in the journal PLOS Biology shows that the average body size and number of sharks and other marine predators—vital to maintaining healthy ocean ecosystems—fell significantly near cities with more than 10,000 people and associated fishing boats.

The minimum distance from people and fishing which had no measurable effect was 1,250 kilometers. This is far further than previous studies have suggested and probably reflects the increased distances fishing boats can now travel. As a result, sharks were only observed at 12% of sites monitored.

Lead author Dr. Tom Letessier said, 'Human activity is now the biggest influence on sharks' distribution. Just 13% of the world's oceans can be considered 'wilderness' but sharks and other predators are much more common and significantly larger at distances greater than 1,250 kilometers from people. This suggests that large marine predators are generally unable to thrive near to people and is another clear example of the impact of human overuse on our seas. '

To collect their data, the team analyzed videos taken at 1,041 sites across the Indian and Pacific Oceans, selected to test the biggest possible range of conditions and habitats. Sharks and other free-swimming predators were studied using cameras attached cannisters(炮筒)filled with bait. In total, the team recorded 23,200 animals representing 109 species. These included 841 individual sharks from 19 different species.

Dr. Letessier added, 'Our study also found that shallower water environment, of depths less than 500 meters, were vital for marine predator diversity. We therefore need to identify sites that are both shallow and remote and protect them. However, there are still numerous shallow hot spots near human markets that are not appropriately protected, and this must change. '

【1】According to the study, what happened to sharks and other marine predators?

A.They became less important for keeping healthy ocean ecosystems.

B.They only lived near cities with 10,000 people.

C.They loved swimming after fishing boats.

D.Their average body size and number decreased sharply.

【2】Which of the following statements may Dr. Tom Letessier agree with?

A.Large marine predators can grow well near people.

B.People shouldn't disturb the sea and sea animals.

C.Sharks’ distribution was mainly affected by human activity.

D.Other ecological factors have no impact on sharks’ distribution.

【3】What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 4?

A.Introduce a new topic for readers.

B.Introduce the study means used by the team.

C.Summarize the previous paragraphs.

D.Collect data about sharks and other predators.

【4】What can we infer about the perfect environment for marine predator diversity?

A.It should be deeper than 500 meters.

B.It should be spots that are hot enough.

C.It should be shallower and away from humans.

D.It should be spots changed from human markets.

【答案】

【1】D

【2】C

【3】B

【4】C

【解析】

這是一篇說明文。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)人類活動(dòng)是造成鯊魚和海洋其它捕食者身體大小和數(shù)量驟降的主要原因。為了海洋捕食者的多樣性，我們應(yīng)該找到遠(yuǎn)離人類的淺水地區(qū)，并且將它們保護(hù)起來。

【1】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的The study, published today in the journal PLOS Biology shows that the average body size and number of sharks and other marine predators vital to maintaining healthy ocean ecosystems—fell significantly near cities with more than 10,000 people and associated fishing boats.(今天發(fā)表在PLOS Biology雜志的研究表明，在超過1萬人的城市和有漁船的地方，鯊魚和其它海洋獵食者的平均大小和數(shù)量都急劇下降了)可知，該研究表明鯊魚和其它海洋獵食動(dòng)物的大小和數(shù)量都急劇減少。D. Their average body size and number decreased sharply.(他們的平均大小和數(shù)量都急劇減少)符合以上說法，故選D項(xiàng)。

【2】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的Lead author Dr. Tom Letessier said, 'Human activity is now the biggest influence on sharks' distribution. (該研究的主要作者湯姆.萊迪斯博士說：“人類活動(dòng)目前對(duì)鯊魚分布的影響最大……”)可知，Dr. Tom Letessier 認(rèn)為鯊魚的分布主要受人類活動(dòng)的影響。C. Sharks’ distribution was mainly affected by human activity.(鯊魚的分布主要受人類活動(dòng)的影響)符合以上說法，故選C項(xiàng)。

【3】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段的主要內(nèi)容，尤其是To collect their data, the team analyzed videos taken at 1,041 sites across the Indian and Pacific Oceans,和 Sharks and other free-swimming predators were studied using cameras attached cannisters(炮筒)filled with bait. (為了收集數(shù)據(jù)，該研究小組分析了在橫跨印度洋和太平洋的1041個(gè)地點(diǎn)拍攝的視頻……鯊魚和其它獵食者通過使用附加了充滿誘餌的炮筒的相機(jī)進(jìn)行研究。)可知，本段的主要目的是介紹該團(tuán)隊(duì)研究鯊魚的方法。B. Introduce the study means used by the team.(介紹團(tuán)隊(duì)研究鯊魚的方法)符合以上說法，故選B項(xiàng)。

【4】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的Dr. Letessier added, 'Our study also found that shallower water environment, of depths less than 500 meters, were vital for marine predator diversity. We therefore need to identify sites that are both shallow and remote and protect them. (Letessier博士補(bǔ)充說：“我們的研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)，深度不到500米的潛水環(huán)境對(duì)海洋捕食者的多樣性來說是至關(guān)重要的。因此，我們需要找出那些既淺又偏遠(yuǎn)的地點(diǎn)，并加以保護(hù)”)可推測(cè)，遠(yuǎn)離人類的淺水環(huán)境對(duì)海洋獵食者多樣性有好處。C. It should be shallower and away from humans.(它應(yīng)該在遠(yuǎn)離人類的淺水區(qū))符合以上說法，故選C項(xiàng)。

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