The Bystander Effect | |
Passage outline | Supporting details |
Concept of the bystander effect | The bystander effect occurs when the presence of others keeps an individual from becoming (71)involved/engaged in an emergency situation. It is obvious that the bystander effect can greatly influence(72)socialbehavior. |
Typical example | In 1964,a young woman named Genovese met with violence and her life was (73)endangered/threatened outside her apartment,while bystanders who observed the crime did not step in to assist or call the police. |
(74)Explanations/Reasons for the bystander effect | Individuals are less likely to take action or feel a sense of (75)responsibility in front of a large group of people. Before deciding to offer help,observers may want to make(76)sure/certain that it is appropriate to react.Besides,there is a natural (77)tendency for people to follow the crowd before the situation is clear. |
(78)Prevention/Precautions/Avoidance of the bystander effect | You should realize or know the (79)existenceof the bystander effect and take measures to get rid of it. When in need of help,you should (80)choose/select/pick one from the crowd,which Will increase your chance of getting your request across and being helped. |
分析 本文主要介紹了一場事故中,如果圍觀者很多,可能沒有人會(huì)出來幫忙,這就是旁觀者效應(yīng).文章探討了這個(gè)效應(yīng)并且提供了避免它發(fā)生的辦法.
解答 71.involved/engaged 信息轉(zhuǎn)換題.根據(jù)第一段When an emergency situation occurs,observers are more likely to take action if there are few or no other witnesses.可知當(dāng)有很多人在場的時(shí)候,個(gè)人就不會(huì)被牽連到一個(gè)事故中去,這樣就會(huì)產(chǎn)生旁觀者效應(yīng).故填involved/engaged.
72.social 信息提取題.根據(jù)第四段The bystander effect can clearly have a powerful impact on the general conduct of people in a society,可知旁觀者效應(yīng)對人們的社會(huì)行為有影響.故填social.
73.endangered/threatened 信息提取題.根據(jù)第二段As she approached her apartment entrance,she was attacked and stabbed by a man later identified as Winston Moseley.可知這個(gè)女孩被威脅與攻擊,和處于危險(xiǎn)之中.故填endangered/threatened.
74.Explanations/Reasons信息轉(zhuǎn)換題.根據(jù)第五段There are several factors that contribute to the bystander effect.可知后面的格子內(nèi)都是旁觀者效應(yīng)產(chǎn)生的原因.故填Explanations/Reasons.
75.responsibility 信息提取題.根據(jù)第五段the presence of other people creates a diffusion of responsibility.可知當(dāng)有很多人的時(shí)候,人們就不會(huì)感到有責(zé)任感了.故填responsibility.
76.sure/certain 信息轉(zhuǎn)換題.根據(jù)第六段When other observers fail to react,individuals often take this as a signal that a response is not needed or not appropriate.可知在開始行動(dòng)之前,旁觀者會(huì)確定這是一個(gè)良好的時(shí)機(jī).故填sure/certain.
77.tendency 信息提取題.根據(jù)第七段When people look at the crowd and see that no one else is reacting,it sends a signal that perhaps no action is needed.以及第八段Some psychologists suggest that simply being aware of this tendency is perhaps the greatest way to break the cycle可知當(dāng)有很多人的時(shí)候人們有一種隨大流的趨勢.故填tendency.
78.Prevention/Precautions/Avoidance 信息轉(zhuǎn)換題.根據(jù)第八段So what can you do to avoid falling into this trap of inaction?可知是要阻止這種效應(yīng)的發(fā)生.故填Prevention/Precautions/Avoidance.
79.existence 信息轉(zhuǎn)換題.根據(jù)第八段understanding how the bystander effect might be holding you back and consciously taking steps to overcome it can help.可知你要知道這個(gè)效應(yīng)的存在并且擺脫它.故填existence.
80.choose/select/pick 信息提取題.根據(jù)最后一段One often-recommended tactic is to single out one person from the crowd.可知當(dāng)你需要幫助的時(shí)候,應(yīng)該從人群中挑選一個(gè)最有可能接受你的請求的人.故填choose/select/pick.
點(diǎn)評(píng) 本文考察學(xué)生的綜合概括能力. 在理解文章整體的情況下,準(zhǔn)確篩選出相關(guān)信息,找出其中的關(guān)鍵詞,進(jìn)行填空.
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