Research shows that much of  our predisposition (傾向) towards determination, sociability and self­control and sense of purpose is in our genes. In  fact, our DNA plays a bigger role in influencing these traits (characteristics) than our upbringing (兒童期的教養(yǎng)) and the company we keep.  Taken together, these aspects of personality can make the difference between success and failure, say the Edinburgh University researchers.
They questioned more than 800 pairs of twins about  their attitudes to life to tease apart the influences of nature  and nurture. Comparing identical twins, who share all their  DNA and their upbringing, with non­identical twins, who  have a shared background but are no more genetically alike  than other brothers and sisters, is a technique often used  by researchers to quantify the influence of genetics.
The results, published in the Journal of Personality,  showed that genes play a much bigger role than lifestyle,  with self­control particularly etched (銘刻) into our DNA.
Our genes also largely determine how determined and persistent we are. This is important in terms of success, as someone who refuses to give up is more likely to achieve their dreams than someone_who_throws_in_the_towel_at_the_first_hiccough.
Researcher Professor Timothy Bates said, “Ever since the ancient Greeks, people have debated the nature of a good life and the nature of a virtuous life. Why do some people seem to manage their lives, have good relationships and cooperate to achieve their goals while others do not? Previously, the role of family and the environment around the home often controlled people's ideas about what affected psychological well­being. However, this work emphasizes a much more powerful influence from genetics.”
However, those who haven't been dealt a helpful hand of genes shouldn't be too depressed. The professor says a sense of purpose is the key and advises those who are eager for success to focus their thoughts on making a difference.
小題1:What does the result of the research indicate?
A．Our DNA is the only factor to decide our traits.
B．Our DNA plays a decisive role in achieving success.
C．Education plays little part in the formation of our character.
D．Society has little effect on us in our personality.
小題2:The underlined part in Paragraph 4 refers to someone   who ________.
A．is born successful
B．determines to make a difference
C．makes great effort
D．a(chǎn)dmits defeat easily
小題3:Timothy Bates mentions the ancient Greeks in order to   indicate that ________.
A．some people can live a good life because they can manage their lives
B．people haven't made it clear yet what is the key personality trait to be a success
C．in ancient Greece the role of family and the environment was ignored
D．the relationship between personality and success has always been people's concern
小題4:According to the passage, the key personality trait is ________.
A．determination　　　　　　B．kindness
C．politenessD．sociability
小題5:What is the best title for the passage?
A．How do people work hard?
B．Why can some people succeed?
C．DNA determines success or failure.
D．Several factors determine personality.

小題1:B
小題2:D
小題3:D
小題4:A
小題5:C

文章大意：最新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，基因在人一生的成敗中起著關(guān)鍵性的作用。
小題1:答案：B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Taken together, these aspects of personality can make the difference between success and failure”可知，答案為B。
小題2:答案：D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)句中someone who refuses to give up和than可推斷，這里指輕易認(rèn)輸?shù)娜耍蚀鸢笧镈。
小題3:答案：D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Ever since the ancient Greeks, people have debated the nature of a good life and the nature of a virtuous life”和下文內(nèi)容可推斷，答案為D。
小題4:答案：A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)末段“The professor says a sense of purpose is the key and advises those who are eager for success to focus their thoughts on making in difference”可推斷，答案為A。
小題5:答案：C　主旨大意題。本文主要講述了基因在人一生的成敗中起著關(guān)鍵性的作用，故答案為C。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Dear Mom, Clear My Calendar
September is around the corner, and some of us are already complaining about summer’s end. But parents have a special reason to do so. The end of summer means the start of school. And these days, planning a young child’s schedule is a big challenge. The challenge is no longer finding activities to fill a child’s day; it is saying no to the hundreds of options available. Our mailbox is filled with brochures urging us to sign our kids up for classes from cooking to martial arts(武術(shù)).
Educators are themselves discouraged by the number of special classes that many children attend. In the name of “enrichment,” three-year-olds not only go to preschool in the morning but study French or gymnastics after lunch. One teacher tells of a four-year-old asking for help in the toilet before hurrying off to tennis. Another teacher says that children sometimes hold on to her at pickup time. What happened to unstructured time?
A generous explanation is that we enjoy giving children opportunities we never had. The truth however is that many parents have doubts about how much time they spend away from their families. And one way to reduce this guilt is to believe that time spent in these classes is somehow more beneficial to children than the time we know we should be giving them ourselves.
David Elkind, an expert on children, suggests that the 1960s gave birth to the belief that earlier is better. Parents hope that early music lessons, for example will build a child’s confidence. The truth, however, is that any time children are asked to do too much, too soon, they are at greater risk for feelings of failure.
A child’s time does not have to be planned to be meaningful. Remember the lazy days of summer? Some children sleep late and play with the kids across the street until it’s time to come home for dinner. However, with the majority of mothers working, fewer children enjoy that idle (空閑的) time now.
Come September, children across the country will finish a full day of kindergarten, only to attend an after-school program until 6 P.M., when a working mom or dad comes to take them home. That’s too much for a five-year old. Finances, of course, do limit some parents. But let’s be honest with ourselves – our own busy schedules, whatever they involve, are no excuse for burdening a young child’s.
小題1: The author holds that it’s a challenge to plan a schedule for a child mainly because _____.
A．a(chǎn) child’s schedule is too complex
B．a(chǎn)ctivities suitable for kids are limited
C．parents are stuck in numerous choices
D．children always say no to parents’ advice
小題2: What the two teachers say in Paragraph 2 implies that _____.
A．children love to stay at school
B．they are popular with children
C．children dislike after-school classes
D．a(chǎn)fter-school classes are of poor quality
小題3: According to the author, what is the real reason for parents to send their children to after-school classes?
A．Parents want to make up for their own regrets.
B．After-school classes develop children’s potential.
C．Parents have doubt about their own ability to guide children.
D．After-school classes give parents an excuse for being absent.
小題4:Which of the following will the author probably agree with?
A．For children’s benefits, the earlier the better.
B．Children’s spare time should be carefully designed.
C．Idle time for children is becoming a thing of the past.
D．Parents should be forgiven if they have a good reason.,

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

     Caffeine not only gives us a daily jump start, but new research suggests it also can strengthen long-term memory.
According to the US Food and Drug Administration, nearly 90 percent of people worldwide consume about 200 milligrams of caffeine each day. That' s equivalent to about one strong cup of coffee a day. Writing in " Nature Neuroscience" , Johns Hopkins University researchers say their findings show that caffeine strengthens certain memories for up t0 24 hours after being taken in.
" We've always known that  caffeine has  cognitive-enhancing effects (促智效果) , but its ,particular effects on strengthening memories and making them resistant to forgetting has never been examined in detail in humans, "  said senior author of the paper Michael Yassa. " We re- port for the first time a specific effect of caffeine on reducing forgetting over 24 hours. "      Conducting a double-blind trial, the researchers worked with a test group of people who didn't regularly consume caffeinated products. Five minutes after studying a series of images, the  test subjects were given either a placebo(無效對照劑)  or a 200-milligram caffeine tablet.
To check the caffeine levels of their test subjects, the research team took saliva samples (唾液樣品)  from them before they took their tablets and again one, three and 24 hours after- wards.
Both groups of test participants ( those who took the placebo and those who took the caffeine tablet) were tested the following day to see if they could recognize the images they' d seen the previous day.
The test included showing the test subjects another series of images that included some new images , those that were shown the previous day, as well as other images that were similar, but not the same as those they had viewed earlier.
The researchers found that more members of the group who were given the caffeine tablets were able to correctly identify some of the new images as " similar" to previously viewed images rather than incorrectly identifying them as the same.
"We also know that caffeine is associated with health and longevity(長壽) and may havesome protective  effects  from  cognitive  decline  like  Alzheimer' s  disease (阿爾茨海默癥). " said Yassa.
小題1:The purpose of the new research is
A．to survey how much caffeine people consume a day
B．to write the paper " Nature Neuroscience"
C．to prove caffeine has cognitive-enhancing effects
D．to examine caffeine ' s memory-strengthening effects in detail
小題2: During the research ,the researchers did the following things EXCEPT
A．giving the test subjects placebos or caffeine tablets
B．checking the caffeine levels of the test subjects
C．encouraging the test subjects to drink more coffee
D．showing the test subjects series of images
小題3: How did the test subjects show the caffeine ' s memory-strengthening effects?
A．By recognizing images they ' d seen the previous day.
B．By taking the caffeine tablets instead of placebos.
C．By identifying the new images as the same.
D．By telling the differences between new images.
小題4: What will the next part of the text possibly talk about?
A．Ways to achieve health and longevity.
B．The effects caffeine has on health.
C．The treatment for Alzheimer' s disease.
D．The harmful effects of cognitive decline.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

(2014·德州模擬)Some animals will defend their territory by fighting with those who try to invade it.Fighting，however，is not often the best choice，since it uses up a large amount of energy，and can result in injury or even death.Most animals rely on various threats，either through sounds or smells.The songs of birds，the drumming of woodpeckers and the loud calls of monkeys are all warnings that carry for long distances，advertising to possible invaders that someone else’s territory is being approached.Many animals rely on smells to mark their territories or leaving droppings around the territories.Other animals will be warned off the territory without ever meeting with the territory’s defender.

Sometimes，these warnings may be ignored，and an invader may move accidentally into a neighboring territory，or two animals may meet near the border of their nearby territories.When the two animals meet，they will generally threaten each other with visual (視覺的) displays.These displays will often exaggerate an animal’s size by putting up feathers or fur，or will show off the animal’s weapons.The animals may go through all the behavior of fighting without ever actually touching each other.The displays are generally performed best near the center of an animal’s territory，where it is more likely to attack an invader and where retreating becomes more of a choice.
Actual fighting usually only happens in overcrowded conditions，when resources are not enough.Serious injury can result，and old or sick animals may die，leading to a more balanced population size.Under most natural conditions，territoriality is an effective way of maintaining a healthy population.The study of social behaviors such as territoriality in animals may also help us to understand human society.
小題1:What topic is the passage mainly involved in?
A．What animals’ territory is usually like.
B．How animals deal with different threats.
C．How animals defend their territory.
D．Where animal fights take place frequently.
小題2:For most animals，what’s their first response to the possible invaders to defend their    territory?
A．Fighting in groups.
B．Threatening and warning.
C．Escaping before being hurt.
D．Asking partners for help.
小題3:What does the underlined word “exaggerate” in the second paragraph mean?
A．enlargeB．change
C．shake　D．shrink
小題4:An actual fight will happen when________.
A．a(chǎn)nimals meet near the border of their territories
B．the invader enters the defender’s territories
C．the defender notices the invader smaller than itself
D．the living resources are limited in the territory
小題5:The last paragraph tells us that territoriality has an influence on the________of the animals.
A．communicationB．condition
C．population　D．migration

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

I lost my sight when I was four years old by falling off a box car in a yard in Atlantic City and landing on my head.Now I am thirty­two.I can ____ remember the brightness of sunshine and what red color is.It would be wonderful to see again, ____ a disaster can do strange things to people.
It occurred to me the other day that I might not have come to ____ life as I do if I hadn't been blind. I believe in life now.I am not so sure that I would have believed in it so deeply, ____. I don't mean that I would prefer to go without my eyes. I simply mean that the loss of them made me ____ the more what I had left.
The hardest lesson I had to learn was to believe in myself.That was ____. If I hadn't been able to do that, I would have ____ and become a chair rocker for the rest of my life.When I say ____ in myself I am not talking about simply the kind of self­confidence that helps me down a(n) ____ staircase alone.That is part of it.But I mean something ____ than that: an assurance that there is a special place where I can make myself fit.
It took me years to discover and ____ this assurance.It had to start with the most elementary things.Once a man gave me an indoor baseball, I thought he was laughing at me and I was ____.“I can't use this，” “I said. Take it with you；” he ____ me.“and roll it around.” The words ____ in my head. “Roll it around！” By rolling the ball I could ____ where it went.This gave me an idea how to achieve a goal I had thought ____： playing baseball.At Philadelphia's Overbrook School for the Blind I ____ a successful variation of baseball. We called it ground ball.
All my life I have set ahead of me a series of ____ and then tried to reach them, one at a time.I had to learn my ____. It was no good trying for something I knew at the start was wildly out of reach because that only invited the bitterness of failure. I would fail sometimes anyway but on the average I made ____.
小題1:
A．entirelyB．nearly
C．vaguelyD．simply
小題2:
A．a(chǎn)ndB．but
C．soD．for
小題3:
A．a(chǎn)ssessB．fear
C．enrichD．love
小題4:
A．otherwiseB．therefore
C．howeverD．besides
小題5:
A．understandB．a(chǎn)ppreciate
C．possessD．a(chǎn)ccept
小題6:
A．enoughB．specific
C．toughD．basic
小題7:
A．survived B．escaped
C．collapsedD．sacrificed
小題8:
A．hopeB．power
C．courageD．belief
小題9:
A．unfamiliarB．unbelievable
C．unexpectedD．uncomfortable
小題10:
A．harderB．bigger
C．warmerD．heavier
小題11:
A．weakenB．strengthen
C．sharpenD．brighten
小題12:
A．upsetB．flattered
C．a(chǎn)shamedD．hurt
小題13:
A．urgedB．promised
C．convincedD．a(chǎn)dvised
小題14:
A．flashedB．a(chǎn)ppeared
C．stuckD．crowded
小題15:
A．noticeB．hear
C．smellD．touch
小題16:
A．impossibleB．important
C．imaginaryD．impressive
小題17:
A．producedB．imitated
C．inventedD．spotted
小題18:
A．goalsB．efforts
C．directionsD．barriers
小題19:
A．challengesB．strengths
C．situationsD．limitations
小題20:
A．historyB．change
C．progressD．sense

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Gu Changwei was the first Chinese cinematographer to be nominated (提名) for an Oscar, and he is regarded by Zhang Yimou as the best cinematographer in China．Gu was behind the camera for many of Zhang Yimou’s famous films including the one that rocketed Zhang to fame: "Red Sorghum (高粱)"．And now this master of the visual has taken on his first directing role with the film "Peacock"．So Gu Changwei has come out from behind the camera into the spotlight (聚光燈).
Gu Changwei is very serious about his directing "Peacock"．To get the authentic atmosphere, Gu took his film crew to the city of Anyang in central China’s Henan province where the story took place, to shoot the film．He chose all new actors because he didn’t want "stars" appeal to weaken the power of the story, and he also had his actors trained in the local dialect．For this film Gu has been able to get out from behind the camera to manage every aspect of the film, and to realize his own ideals in movie-making.
"Peacock" is about the life of an average family in a small town in Henan province in the late 1970s and early 1980s．Gu chose this story for his first movie because he grew up during this same period and it struck a chord with him.
“Peacock” wrapped up production in June, 2004．It’s aimed at the foreign film market and will be entered in February’s Berlin Film Festival, and released in China at the same time．But at the end of last October, Gu took “Peacock” to his Alma Mater, the Beijing Film Academy, one of the most famous film colleges in China, to hold a preview．The film was warmly received by both teachers and students.
61．The underlined word “cinematographer” refers to a person who ________.
A．has been nominated for an Oscar        B．uses a camera to shoot films
C．directs first-class films               D．a(chǎn)rranges for cinema shows
62．Gu didn’t employ “stars” in his film because ________.
A．stars usually stick to their own acting styles
B．the stars may not be able to speak the local dialect
C．the stars may share the audience’s attention with the story
D．it was not easy for him, a fresh hand, to invite stars to join him
63．Gu chose such a story for his first movie because ________.
A．he was born in the early 1970s     B．he grew up in Henan province  
C．he was popular in Henan province  D．the story had something to do with his own experience
64．From the passage we can learn that "Peacock"________.
A．is the film for which Gu is likely to win an Oscar prize
B．has already become popular both at home and abroad
C．has its production started last summer  D．will be publicly shown in spring, 2005
65．Please choose a proper title for this passage.
A．From behind the camera into the spotlight
B．Chinese cinematographer to be nominated for Oscar
C．New faces to appear in “Peacock”
D．"Peacock" to enter foreign film market

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The kids in this village wear dirty, ragged clothes. They sleep beside cows and sheep in huts made of sticks and mud. They have no school. Yet they all can chant the English alphabet, and some can make words.
The key to their success: 20 tablet computers(平板電腦) dropped off in their Ethiopian village in February by a U.S. group called One Laptop Per Child.
The goal is to find out whether kids using today’s new technology can teach themselves to read in places where no schools or teachers exist. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology researchers analyzing the project data say they’re already amazed. “What I think has already happened is that the kids have already learned more than they would have in one year of kindergarten,” said Matt Keller, who runs the Ethiopia program.
The fastest learner—and the first to turn on one of the tablets—is 8-year-old Kelbesa Negusse. The device’s camera was disabled to save memory, yet within weeks Kelbesa had figured out its workings and made the camera work. He called himself a lion, a marker of accomplishment in Ethiopia.
With his tablet, Kelbasa rearranged the letters HSROE into one of the many English animal names he knows. Then he spelled words on his own. “Seven months ago he didn’t know any English. That’s unbelievable,” said Keller.
The project aims to get kids to a stage called “deep reading,” where they can read to learn. It won’t be in Amharic, Ethiopia’s first language, but in English, which is widely seen as the ticket to higher paying jobs.
小題1:How does the Ethiopia program benefit the kids in the village?
A．It trains teachers for them.
B．It contributes to their self-study.
C．It helps raise their living standards.
D．It provides funds for building schools.
小題2:What can we infer from Keller’s words in Paragraph 3?
A．They need more time to analyze data.
B．More children are needed for the research.
C．He is confident about the future of the project.
D．The research should be carried out in kindergartens.
小題3:It amazed Keller that with the tablet Kelbesa could _______.
A．learn English words quickly.
B．draw pictures of animals.
C．write letters to researchers.
D．make phone calls to his friends.
小題4:What is the aim of the project?
A．To offer Ethiopians higher paying jobs.
B．To make Amharic widely used in the world.
C．To help Ethiopian kids read to learn in English.
D．To assist Ethiopians in learning their first language.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

It’s a delicate（棘手的）time — if not every parent’s worst nightmare — when a child enters adolescence. 
Not only are their bodies __   _ physically , but hormones (荷爾蒙) are spreading violently and bad moods are in full swing (活躍).Katie Couric spoke with Dr. Barbara Greenberg, a parenting expert and clinical psychologist , all about how parents can _  _ with their teens , and finally get some answers .Every parent wants to know what is going on inside their teenager’s _   ___, and while the normal instinct (本能) is to give them the third degree (盤問) about their day , Dr Greenberg strongly _  __ us not to question teens closely for long , who are _  __ to get upset or excited all of a sudden.
      direct, general questions like “How was your day?” or “How was the date?”. Teens will respond more positively to        questions like “How was the movie?”      they aren’t ready to give you a whole bunch of information at once. Listening is an important part of any       , and interrupting your child may not get you much       .
Most adolescents are discovering who they are and how they        society. While it might seem that their eyes are laden with laser beams (激光束) and you are their next target, they are also under a lot of pressure, both socially and academically. Let them        themselves freely; this is their way of telling you about their       .
Even though the idea isn’t “cool”, research has found that about 80% of teens admire and want to spend time with their parents. Teens really love their parents!
     , but believe it. They are        between wanting that precious independence and        mom and dad.
Show your kids at an early age that it’s okay to talk about anything at home.        like drugs, sex and alcohol can be scary for both        to discuss, but having these conversations has been proven to help teens keep a healthy lifestyle.
It is totally possible to        a strong relationship with your teen! Just remember to stay calm,      what they have to say, and don’t take that sigh when you ask about their homework too personally.
小題1:
A．promotingB．changingC．enlargingD．increasing
小題2:
A．talkB．liveC．dealD．fight
小題3:
A．roomB．bodyC．schoolD．head
小題4:
A．suggestsB．a(chǎn)ppealsC．encouragesD．persuades
小題5:
A．supposedB．concernedC．wantedD．expected
小題6:
A．IgnoreB．AskC．EscapeD．Avoid
小題7:
A．commonB．indirectC．a(chǎn)ccurateD．specific
小題8:
A．unlessB．becauseC．ifD．when
小題9:
A．thought B．understandingC．conversationD．saying
小題10:
A．responseB．loveC．newsD．a(chǎn)ttitude
小題11:
A．fit intoB．put intoC．object toD．respond to
小題12:
A．examineB．teachC．enjoyD．express
小題13:
A．dayB．futureC．failuresD．studies
小題14:
A．ExcitingB．DisappointingC．Shocking D．Frightening
小題15:
A．fightingB．strugglingC．concerningD．pushing
小題16:
A．carrying on withB．holding on toC．keeping up withD．keeping out of
小題17:
A．WorriesB．ConversationsC．TopicsD．Questions
小題18:
A．partiesB．peopleC．membersD．families
小題19:
A．graspB．findC．hangD．keep
小題20:
A．be silentB．keep smilingC．listen toD．be friendly

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

It’s the place where smart people make smart machines work even smarter. It’s also in the heart of sunny California, a great place to start a family and raise kids. What could be better?
But something is happening to their children. Up until the age of two they develop normally. But then everything seems to go backwards. The children become locked into their own small world, unable to communicate at all.
They call it the “curse(詛咒)of Silicon Valley,” but the medical name for the condi­tion is autism(自閉癥). It used to be thought that autism was a kind of mental illness. Now doctors are sure that it is a neurological disease transmitted genetically. It seems that the people leading the communications revolution are having children who cannot commu­nicate at all.
But even the parents have trouble communicating. Asperger’s Syndrome is a mild version of autism. People who have it are highly intelligent and often brilliant with num­bers or system but have no social skill. This very combination of symptoms makes Asperger’s sufferers into ideal computer professionals.
The Asperger’s sufferer has always been a well—known figure in popular culture. He or she was the eccentric but dedicated scholar or the strange uncle or auntie who never married. But the high numbers of such people in Silicon Valley mean that they can meet others who understand them and share their interests. And while they might not be per­sonally attractive, they can earn truly attractive amounts of money. They can get married and have kids. Unfortunately, many of the children of two Asperger’s parents seem to be developing serious autism.
There is little anyone can do. It takes hours of work just to make autistic child realize that anyone else exists. And there is no cure in sight. Some argue that no cure should be found. “It may be that autistics are essentially different from normal people, but that these differences make them invaluable for the evolution of the human race,” says Dr. Kirk Whilhelmsen of the University of California. “To eliminate the genes for autism could be disastrous. ”
It seems that the children of Silicon Valley are paying the price of genius.
小題1:What does Dr Kirk Whilhelmsen think of autism?
A．It is disastrous to society.
B．It is not completely a bad thing.
C．It is a punishment to those working in Silicon Valley.
D．People with autism should never marry.
小題2:What can we learn about autism according to the passage?
A．It is believed to be a king of mental illness that can be cured.
B．People with autism can’t find people sharing their interests.
C．They do not care about the presence of others.
D．They are a burden for the society.
小題3:Why do people call autism “curse of Silicon Valley”？
A．Because autistic people live in Silicon Valley.
B．Because many people working in Silicon Valley have autism children.
C．Because people with autism will be driven out of Silicon Valley.
D．Because people with autism are not personally attractive and not liked by others.
小題4:What can we know about Asperger’s Syndrome according to the passage?
A．Asperger’s sufferers are ideal computer professionals.
B．Asperger’s sufferers never get married and have children.
C．Asperger’s sufferers are ashamed of themselves and locked into their own world.
D．Asperger’s sufferers can be beneficial to society if they are cured.

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