分析 這篇文章主要講述了全球的人口現(xiàn)狀,出生率的下降在許多發(fā)展中地區(qū)是一個(gè)重要問題,這可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致在幾十年的災(zāi)難性全球勞動(dòng)力短缺. 人口負(fù)增長(zhǎng)對(duì)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家以及發(fā)展中國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展可能會(huì)帶來的不良影響,應(yīng)該采取相應(yīng)的應(yīng)對(duì)方法.
解答 71.lower 72.size/scale 73.immediate 74.economic 75.old/older 76.earlier 77.living/life 78.equality 79.immigration 80.compensate
71.lower 信息歸納題 根據(jù)"declining birth rate could be a defining one of the 21st."可知,21世紀(jì)人口出生率比20世紀(jì)低,且much/even/far/a lot/a little等修飾比較級(jí),故填lower
72.size/scale 信息歸納題.根據(jù)第二段"almost all developed nations are experiencing sub-replacement birth rate"可知,發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家人口出生率正在下降,即人口難以維持現(xiàn)有的規(guī)模,"maintain"一詞是做題的依據(jù),故填size/scale.
73.immediate 信息歸納題.根據(jù)第二段"which might cause catastrophic global shortages of work force within a few decades"中的"within a few decades"可知,出生率的下降對(duì)發(fā)展中國(guó)家和全球的消極影響還沒有發(fā)生,由此聯(lián)想到"影響不是立即產(chǎn)生的".
74.economic 貌似信息查找題,其實(shí)還是信息歸納題.接下來幾段分別講了中國(guó)、俄羅斯、印度的人口與經(jīng)濟(jì)的問題,根據(jù)"economic development before a population decline hits the country"可知答案.
75.old/older 信息歸納題.根據(jù)"A great decline in young work force is likely to occur in China"可知,中國(guó)可能會(huì)迎來年輕勞動(dòng)力的危機(jī),就現(xiàn)在而言,中國(guó)的勞動(dòng)力正在"老化",故填older.
76.earlier 信息歸納題.根據(jù)"the country has shrunk by 5% since 1993 and people in Russia live a shorter life now than those in 1961…but poor diet an above all long-time alcoholism have much to do with it"可知,俄羅斯人口由于縮短的壽命而急劇下降.
77.living/life 信息歸納題.如果俄羅斯人改變他們的生活方式,他們的情況可能會(huì)好一些.故答案為living/life
78.equality信息歸納題 根據(jù)"but in the south,where most econmoic development is taking place,birth rate is falling rapidly."可知,教育可以降低出生率,因此,可以通過普及教育來抑制人口增長(zhǎng),
79.immigration 信息查找題 根據(jù)"One solution is obviously to import foreign workers via immigration."可知,通過移民來引進(jìn)工人是解決勞動(dòng)力短缺的一種方法.
80.compensate 信息歸納題 根據(jù)"Moreover,the USA has a track record of successfully accepting immigrants.As a result it's likely to see a rise in the size of its working-age population"可知,美國(guó)的移民政策將會(huì)使勞動(dòng)力有所增加,接納移民可以彌補(bǔ)勞動(dòng)力的短缺.
點(diǎn)評(píng) 該題考查學(xué)生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力及概況歸納能力,要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系,對(duì)未說明的趨勢(shì)或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷;或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點(diǎn)理論,對(duì)文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋.考生首先要仔細(xì)閱讀短文,完整了解信息,準(zhǔn)確把握作者觀點(diǎn),從而概括出關(guān)鍵詞.
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