8.It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory.The meanings of thousands of words,the bases for the decisions we make,and the roots of our habits and skills are to be found in our past experiences,which are brought into the present by memory.
Memory can be considered as the ability to keep information available for later use.It includes not only"remembering"things like maths or historical facts but also involves(包括)any change in the way an animal typically behaves.Memory is involved when a rat gives up eating grain because he has smelt something different in the grain pile.Memory is also involved when a six-year-old child learns to swing a baseball bat.
Memory exists not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and machines.Computers,for example,contain equipment for storing data for later use.It is interesting to compare the memory-storage ability of a computer with that of a human being.The instant-access memory(快速記憶) of a large computer may hold up to 100,000"words"-ready for instant use.An average US teenager probably recognizes the meaning of about 100,000words of English.However,this is only a piece of total amount of information which the teenager has stored.Consider,for example,the number of faces and places that the teenager can recognize on sight.
The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem-solving intelligence of human beings.A large part of a person's memory is in terms of words and combinations(組合) of words.
57.According to the passage,memory is considered to beB.
A.the basis for decision making and problem solving
B.a(chǎn)n ability to store experiences for future use
C.a(chǎn)n intelligence typically possessed by human beings
D.the data mainly consisting of words and combinations of words
58.From the passage we know thatC.
A.the computer's memory has a little bigger ability than a teenager
B.the computer's memory ability is much smaller than an adult human being's
C.the computer's memory ability is much smaller even than a teenager's
D.the computer's memory ability is as smaller as a teenager's
59.The whole passage implies thatC.
A.only human beings have problem-solving intelligence
B.a(chǎn) person's memory is different from a computer's in every aspect
C.a(chǎn)nimals are able to solve only very simple problems
D.a(chǎn)nimals solve problems by instinct(直覺) rather than intelligence
60.The main idea of this passage isB.
A.what would life be like without memory
B.memory is of great importance to life
C.how a person's memory is different from an animal's or a computer's
D.what is contained in memory.
分析 本文屬于說明文閱讀,作者通過這篇文章主要向我們描述了記憶在生活中非常重要的,即使是電腦也無法比擬人的記憶.
解答 57.B.細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第二段Memory can be considered as the ability to keep information available for later use可知記憶被視為一種未來的使用儲存經(jīng)驗的能力;故選B.
58.C.細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)文章An average US teenager probably recognizes the meaning of about 100,000words of English可知計算機的記憶能力要小得多,甚至比一個少年的;故選C.
59.C.推理判斷題.根據(jù)文章Memory is involved when a rat gives up eating grain because he has smelt something different in the grain pile可知動物只能夠解決簡單的問題;故選C.
60.B.主旨大意題.根據(jù)第一段It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory.The meanings of thousands of words,the bases for the decisions we make可知本文的主要思想是記憶在生活中非常重要的;故選B.
點評 考察學生的細節(jié)理解和推理判斷能力,做細節(jié)理解題時一定要找到文章中的原句,和題干進行比較,再做出正確的選擇.在做推理判斷題不要以個人的主觀想象代替文章的事實,要根據(jù)文章事實進行合乎邏輯的推理判斷.