Question

【題目】 Parents who have books in the home increase the level of education their children will attain(獲得), whether rich or poor, according to a 20-year study led by Mariah Evans.

For years, educators have thought the strongest predictor(預(yù)示物) of attaining high levels of education was having parents who were highly educated. But, the study showed that the difference between being raised in a bookless home compared to being raised in a home with a 500-book library has as great an effect on the level of education a child will attain as the difference between having parents who are barely literate (有文化的) and having parents who have a university education.

Being a sociologist, Evans was particularly interested to find that children of less-educated parents benefit the most from having books in the home. What kinds of investments should we make to help these kids get ahead? The results of this study indicate that getting some books into their homes is an inexpensive way that we can help these children succeed. Evans said, “Even a little bit goes a long way. Having as few as 20 books in the home still has a significant impact on motivating a child to a higher level of education, and the more books you add, the greater benefit the children get.”

The researchers were struck by the strong effect having books in the home had on children's educational attainment even above and beyond such factors as education level of the parents, the father's occupation or the economic level of the country.

Having books in the home is twice as important as the father's education level, and more important than whether a child was brought up in a developing country or a developed country. Surprisingly, the difference in educational attainment for children born in a developed country and children born in a developing country was just 2 years, less than two-thirds of the effect that having 500 or more books in the home had on children.

【1】In the past educators held a point of view that ______ .

A.children whose family had a library would possibly attain high levels of education

B.children who were born in poor families studied harder than those in rich families

C.children whose parents are highly educated would attain high levels of education

D.parents’ level of education had nothing to do with their children’s levels of education

【2】What does the underlined word “motivating” in Paragraph 3 mean?

A.Making somebody want to do something.

B.Helping somebody to finish something

C.Making somebody pretend to do something.

D.Preventing somebody from achieving something.

【3】Which of the following has the most important effect on the level of education a child will gain?

A.The economic level of the country.B.The father’s occupation.

C.Education levels of parents.D.Having books in the home.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】A

【3】D

【解析】

本文為說明文。文章分析了影響孩子教育水平的因素，告訴我們家里有書對孩子的重要性勝于家長受過高等教育的影響。

【1】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句話“For years, educators have thought the strongest predictor(預(yù)示物) of attaining high levels of education was having parents who were highly educated”. 多年來，教育工作者一直認為，預(yù)示孩子能獲取高教育水平的最強的因素莫過于有受過高等教育的父母”。由此可知，過去教育家們認為受過高等教育的父母的孩子將獲得高水平的教育。故選C。

【2】詞義猜測題。文章第二、三段一直說家中有書對孩子的積極影響。在第三段劃線詞的上下文“Even a little bit goes a long way. ...the greater benefit the children get” 即使是一點點書，也能大有幫助......你家的書越多，孩子得到的好處就越大�！笨芍�，書對孩子有很大影響。所以劃線詞的句子“Having as few as 20 books in the home still has a significant impact on motivating a child to a higher level of education”這句話是說“ 即使家里只有20本書，在激勵孩子接受更高層次的教育方面仍然有很大的影響”。所以，家中有書可以激勵孩子獲得更高層次的教育水平。由此可推斷出劃線詞的意思是“使某人想做某事”。故選A。

【3】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“The researchers were struck by the strong effect having books in the home had on children's educational attainment even above and beyond such factors as education level of the parents, the father's occupation or the economic level of the country.” 研究者們感到震驚的是，在家里看書對孩子的受教育程度的影響甚至超過了父母的受教育程度、父親的職業(yè)或國家的經(jīng)濟水平等因素的影響。題干中的the most important effect on the level of education a child will gain就是替換了文章中的“the strong effect （having books in the home ）had on children's educational attainment even above and beyond....”家里有書對孩子的教育水平的影響最大。故選D。

文章主題和中心思想的闡述往往需要大量細節(jié)信息的支持，這些細節(jié)對于理解全文內(nèi)容至關(guān)重要，同時也是歸納和概括文章中心思想的基礎(chǔ)。細節(jié)理解是指原文提到了某事，某種現(xiàn)象或理論，題干一般針對原文具體敘述的事情本身提問。一般包括直接理解題（在原文中直接找到答案，常用why/what/when/who/how等提問）。語意轉(zhuǎn)化題（需要將題目信息與原文相關(guān)信息進行語意上的轉(zhuǎn)換，兩者存在著表達上的差異，有時需要進行加工整理后方能得出結(jié)論）、數(shù)字計算題，排列順序題、圖表圖畫題等。抓住文章中的事實和細節(jié)是做好該類題的關(guān)鍵，也是做好其他類題的基礎(chǔ)。

第3小題屬于細節(jié)理解題中的語意轉(zhuǎn)化題。根據(jù)文章第四段“The researchers were struck by the strong effect having books in the home had on children's educational attainment even above and beyond such factors as education level of the parents, the father's occupation or the economic level of the country.” 研究者們感到震驚的是，在家里看書對孩子的受教育程度的影響甚至超過了父母的受教育程度、父親的職業(yè)或國家的經(jīng)濟水平等因素。題干中的“the most important effect on the level of education a child will gain”就是替換了文章中的“the strong effect had on children's educational attainment even above and beyond....”可推斷出。家里有書對孩子的教育水平的影響最大。選項D. Having books in the home符合題意，故選D。