Question

【題目】 About 4 million children worldwide develop asthma(哮喘) each year because of nitrogen dioxide(NO2 , 二氧化氮) air pollution, according to a study published by researchers at the George Washington University. The study estimates(估算) that 64 percent of these new cases of asthma occur in urban areas.

“The study is the first to quantify the worldwide burden of new pediatric(兒科的) asthma cases linked to traffic-related nitrogen dioxide by using a method that takes into account high exposure to this pollutant that occurs near busy roads, ” said Susan C. Anenberg, PhD, the senior author of the study.

“Our findings suggest that millions of new cases of pediatric asthma could be prevented in cities around the world by reducing air pollution,” said Anenberg. “Improving access to cleaner forms of transportation, like electrified public transport, cycling and walking, would not only bring down NO2 levels, but would also improve physical fitness, and cut greenhouse gas emissions(排放). ”

Asthma is a disease that makes it hard to breathe when the lung’s airways are swollen. An estimated 235 million people worldwide at present have asthma, which can cause life-threatening attacks.

The World Health Organization calls air pollution “a major environmental risk to health” and has offered Air Quality Guidelines for NO2 and other air pollutants. The researchers estimate that most children lived in areas below the NO2, guideline. They also found that about 92 percent of the new pediatric asthma cases that were caused by NO2 occurred in areas that already meet the WHO guideline.

“That finding suggests that the WHO guideline for NO2 may need to be re-evaluated to make sure it is conducive to the protection of children’s health,” said Pattanun Achakulwisut, PhD, lead author of the paper.

Additional research must be done to more persuasively identify what is leading to asthma within complex traffic emissions. This effort will help to improve the estimates of new asthma cases tied to traffic emissions.

【1】What can we learn from Susan C. Anenberg?

A.Old forms of getting around need to be replaced.

B.Few cases of pediatric asthma occur in urban areas.

C.Pediatric asthma increases because of unclean energy.

D.Greener transportation helps to reduce asthma cases.

【2】What can we infer about the Air Quality Guidelines for NO2?

A.It proved persuasive.B.It seemed unreasonable.

C.It would be abandoned.D.It turned out instructive.

【3】What does the underlined word “conducive” in paragraph 6 probably mean?

A.Beneficial.B.Open.

C.Equal.D.Familiar.

【4】What is the main idea of the text?

A.Asthma has put children’s life in unavoidable danger.

B.WHO should improve Air Quality Guidelines for NO2.

C.NO2 air pollution causes children to suffer from asthma.

D.Air pollution is a serious worldwide problem nowadays.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】D

【2】B

【3】A

【4】C

【解析】

這是一篇說明文。介紹了空氣中的二氧化氮會導(dǎo)致兒童哮喘病的發(fā)生這一研究成果。

【1】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的Our findings suggest that millions of new cases of pediatric asthma could be prevented in cities around the world by reducing air pollution. 我們的發(fā)現(xiàn)表明，通過減少空氣污染，全世界范圍的各城市可以預(yù)防數(shù)百萬例新的小兒哮喘病例。及第三段中的Improving access to cleaner forms of transportation, like electrified public transport, cycling and walking, would not only bring down NO2 levels…改善情況使用更清潔交通工具，如電氣化公共交通、騎自行車和步行，不僅會降低二氧化氮……。可知，更加清潔的交通會降低二氧化氮濃度，而二氧化氮（空氣污染）是導(dǎo)致兒科哮喘的因素。由此可推斷，更加綠色的交通有助于減少哮喘病例。選項D切題，故選D。

【2】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中的The researchers estimate that most children lived in areas below the NO2 guideline. They also found that about 92 percent of the new pediatric asthma cases that were caused by NO2 occurred in areas that already meet the WHO guideline. 研究人員判斷，大多數(shù)兒童生活地區(qū)其二氧化氮低于指南規(guī)定的排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。他們還發(fā)現(xiàn)，約92%由NO2引起的新的兒童哮喘病例發(fā)生在已經(jīng)達(dá)到世衛(wèi)組織含量指南的地區(qū)�？芍�，多數(shù)兒科哮喘的病例發(fā)生在二氧化氮符合世界衛(wèi)生組織的《二氧化氮空氣質(zhì)量指南》排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的地區(qū)。第六段中的That finding suggests that the WHO guideline for NO2 may need to be re-evaluated這一發(fā)現(xiàn)表明，可能需要重新評估世衛(wèi)組織的二氧化氮空氣質(zhì)量指南。由此可推斷出，這個指南似乎是不合理的。選項B切題，故選B。

【3】詞義猜測題。第四段中的An estimated 235 million people worldwide at present have asthma, which can cause life-threatening attacks. 目前全世界估計有2.35億人患有哮喘，這一疾病可能導(dǎo)致危及生命�？芍�，哮喘對健康是不利的。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句That finding suggests that the WHO guideline for NO2 may need to be re-evaluated to make sure it is conducive to the protection of children’s health,發(fā)現(xiàn)表明世界衛(wèi)生組織的《二氧化氮空氣質(zhì)量指南》可能需要重新被評估以確保它對兒童健康的保護(hù)是……，可知，重新評估當(dāng)然是確保它更能保護(hù)健康，是對健康有利，畫線詞與 beneficial的詞義最為接近。選項A切題，故選A。

【4】主旨大意題。文章第一段About 4 million children worldwide develop asthma(哮喘) each year because of nitrogen dioxide(NO2 , 二氧化氮) air pollution, according to a study published by researchers at the George Washington University. The study estimates(估算) that 64 percent of these new cases of asthma occur in urban areas. 根據(jù)喬治華盛頓大學(xué)研究人員發(fā)表的一項研究顯示，全世界每年大約有400萬兒童因二氧化氮（NO2）空氣污染而患上哮喘。該研究估計，這些新哮喘病例中64%發(fā)生在城市地區(qū)。接著文章詳細(xì)介紹了研究的相關(guān)內(nèi)容和結(jié)論，并由此指出世界衛(wèi)生組織的《二氧化氮空氣質(zhì)量指南》需要重新評估。所以本文主要在講二氧化氮（空氣污染）會導(dǎo)致兒童哮喘病的發(fā)生。選項C切題，故選C。