【題目】 There is a huge need for shark fins (鰭) in Asian countries. As a result, many sharks are caught and killed. According to reports, sharks are being killed at an shocking rate (速度) of up to 273 million worldwide every year.

Some experts predict that if the killing continues at the current rate, many shark species will be lost forever. It can be very dangerous. Sharks are very important and they should be protected.

In a study of the east coast of the United States, 11 species of sharks were eliminated from their range. Of the 14 species of ocean life that those sharks used to eat, the populations of 12 exploded and caused great damage to the ecosystem. For example, the cownose ray (鰩) population was no longer kept under control by sharks and so grew out of control. As a result, the rays destroyed the population of bay scallops (扇貝), their favorite food. The scallop fishery, which had been in good condition for over 100 years, was destroyed completely. Also, the removal of the scallops most likely had an effect on water quality as they were no longer there to perform their function (功能) of cleaning the water.

Sharks tend to eat very efficiently (高效地), going after the old, sick, or slower fish in a population, keeping that population healthy. Sharks help keep many populations of ocean life to the right size so that those prey (獵物) species don’ t do harm to the ecosystem by becoming too populated. The ocean ecosystem is made up of very complex (復(fù)雜地) food webs. For the most part, sharks are at the top of these webs and are considered by scientists to be “keystone” species, meaning that removing them may cause the whole structure to fall apart. Therefore, we should protect sharks because doing so is to protect the whole ecosystem.

【1】According to the passage, in Asian, people kill sharks mainly because ________.

A.sharks are dangerous for peopleB.there are too many sharks

C.shark fins are in great needD.sharks often attack swimmers

【2】Which of the following can replace the underlined word “eliminated” in Paragraph 4?

A.Fed.B.Removed.C.Charged.D.Protected.

【3】After the number of cownose rays greatly increased, ________.

A.water quality improved as wellB.bay scallops grew out of control

C.there are more food for sharkD.the local scallop fishery was harmed

【4】What can we know about sharks from Paragraph 4?

A.They can’t find enough food to feed on.

B.They never eat the old, sick or slower fish.

C.Their large populations can harm the ecosystem.

D.They play a key role in keeping the ecosystem healthy.

【答案】

【1】C

【2】B

【3】D

【4】D

【解析】

本文為夾敘夾議文。文章主要說明由于亞洲國家對魚翅的需求量很大而導(dǎo)致許多鯊魚被捕獲并殺死。由于鯊魚是海洋生物食物網(wǎng)的關(guān)鍵物種，有助于海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)平衡。它們的消失可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致整個(gè)海洋系統(tǒng)崩潰。因此，我們應(yīng)該保護(hù)鯊魚，保護(hù)整個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。

【1】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“There is a huge need for shark fins (鰭) in Asian countries. As a result, many sharks are caught and killed”可知 亞洲國家對魚翅的需求量很大。因此許多鯊魚被捕獲并殺死。分析選項(xiàng)可知C項(xiàng)符合題意，故選C。

【2】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線句“11 species of sharks were eliminated from their range.”后的內(nèi)容“Of the 14 species of ocean life that those sharks used to eat, the populations of 12 exploded ...” 在這些鯊魚曾經(jīng)食用的14種海洋生物中，有12種數(shù)量激增，...。由此可知，鯊魚的消失或減少讓曾經(jīng)是它的食物的14種中有12種海洋生物大增。分析選項(xiàng)A. Fed喂養(yǎng)；B. Removed使消失，去除，離開，C. Charged要價(jià)，控告；D. Protected.保護(hù)，可知只有B項(xiàng)符合題意，故選B。

【3】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“...the cow nose ray (鰩) population was no longer kept under control by sharks and so grew out of control. As a result, the rays destroyed the population of bay scallops (扇貝), their favorite food. The scallop fishery, which had been in good condition for over 100 years, was destroyed completely.”可知，牛鼻鰩的數(shù)量不再受鯊魚的控制，以一種無法控制的方式增長。結(jié)果，牛鼻鰩摧毀了它們最喜歡的食物——海灣扇貝的種群。已有100多年歷史的扇貝漁業(yè)遭到了徹底的破壞。由此可推斷出，牛鼻鰩的數(shù)量大大增加后，扇貝急劇減少，當(dāng)?shù)氐纳蓉悵O業(yè)受到了損失。故選D。

【4】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“For the most part, sharks are at the top of these webs and are considered by scientists to be “keystone” species, meaning that removing them may cause the whole structure to fall apart. Therefore, we should protect sharks because doing so is to protect the whole ecosystem.” 在大多數(shù)情況下，鯊魚在這些食物網(wǎng)的頂部，被科學(xué)家認(rèn)為是“關(guān)鍵”物種，這意味著它們消失可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致整個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)崩潰。因此，我們應(yīng)該保護(hù)鯊魚，因?yàn)檫@樣做是為了保護(hù)整個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。由此可推斷出，鯊魚在保持整個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的平衡方面起著非常重要的作用。故選D項(xiàng)。

閱讀中我們經(jīng)常會(huì)考查詞義猜測題。事實(shí)上，閱讀材料中的每個(gè)詞與它前后的詞語或句子甚至段落都有聯(lián)系。運(yùn)用邏輯推理猜測詞義是使用最廣考查最多也最易失分的猜詞方式，這要求考生具備整合分散、復(fù)雜信息的能力，充分利用上下文（各種已知信息）并結(jié)合具體的語境推測、判斷某些詞或短語的詞義。如第2小題屬于測詞意題。根據(jù)劃線詞“11 species of sharks were eliminated from their range.”后的內(nèi)容“Of the 14 species of ocean life that those sharks used to eat, the populations of 12 exploded ...” 在這些鯊魚曾經(jīng)食用的14種海洋生物中，有12種數(shù)量激增，...。由此可知，鯊魚的消失和減少會(huì)讓曾經(jīng)是它的食物的14種中有12種海洋生物大增。分析選項(xiàng)A. Fed喂養(yǎng)；B. Removed使消失，去除，離開，C. Charged要價(jià)，控告；D. Protected.保護(hù)，可知，只有B項(xiàng)符合題意，故選B。

練習(xí)冊系列答案
相關(guān)習(xí)題

科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：

【題目】— Were all the articles of clothing for the models carried to the fashion show?

— No,_______only some of them.

A.it isB.it wasC.they areD.they were

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：

【題目】History is the best teacher. It ________ records the development path of each country and foretells the future to us.

A.apparentlyB.conventionallyC.faithfullyD.eventually

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：

【題目】White noise consists of________ collections of sounds at different frequencies，such as the dull noise of aircraft engines.

A.swiftB.fierceC.randomD.generous

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：

【題目】—How is the result, doctor?

—Well, your health is ________ good, but you do have a few minor problems.

A.normallyB.frequentlyC.generallyD.regularly

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：

【題目】 Putting children in daycare helps working parents take their minds off childcare. 【1】

How daycare negatively affects children is related to many factors. One study has suggested that some children who spend long hours in daycare centers experience more stress than those who spend more time in a setting with a mother.

Another study has shown that children who are shy have a higher level of the hormone cortisol (皮質(zhì)醇) which is released when an individual shows signs of stress. 【2】 And as a result the child may not mix well with the other children and the teachers at the daycare center, a situation that can cause stress.

Another negative impact of daycare is that there is less communication between a mother and her child. 【3】 So it is essential for a child to develop a deep bond with his or her mother, since this will lay the foundation for all the relationships he or she will form later on in life. Children who spend a lot of time with their mothers experience healthy social and emotional development, while long hours in daycare can disrupt this bonding. Children who lose out on precious mother-child bonding are observed to have behavioral problems as they grow older.

Children in daycare centers also feel unprotected compared to children at home. In a daycare center, when one caregiver attends to more than one child at the same time, she may not be able to look deeply into why a child is mixing well or not. 【4】 Another negative aspect of daycare is that children there are more likely to fall ill if they come in contact with sick children.

【5】 Well-maintained daycare centers contribute a great deal to the overall development of a child by providing a structured environment. Children become more social by interacting with other children of the same age, and learn new activities that are not always available if they arc brought up only at home.

A.But daycare has its disadvantages.

B.Look for a daycare center that is well-maintained.

C.However, the advantages of daycare cannot be ignored.

D.This is because a shy child will not open up freely in public.

E.Babies become extremely attached to their primary caregivers.

F.In such cases, a child may become either completely quiet or aggressive.

G.You can cut the time in daycare centers by making alternative childcare arrangements.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：

【題目】Policies have been made to help the province hard hit by the disaster to________economy.

A.reviewB.revealC.recoverD.reserve

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：

【題目】 A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good night’s sleep. But now a study has found it really does help people nod off—if it is milked from a cow at night.

Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin(褪黑激素), which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.

The study, by researchers from Seoul, South Korea, involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night.

Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime, according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food.

Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer.

While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to now, taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night.

Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content, which helps people to relax.

Milk is also sugar-free and additive-free with nutritionists recommending skimmed milk as the best choice before bed as it is the least fattening. The more fat you take in before bedtime, the greater burden you will put on your body at night.

【1】According to the text, the mice fed with daytime milk_______.

A.started sleep more easily

B.were more anxious

C.were less active

D.woke up later

【2】Which of the following is true of melatonin according to the text?

A.It’s been tested on mice for ten times.

B.It can make people more energetic.

C.It exists in milk in great amount.

D.It’s used in sleeping drugs.

【3】What can be a suitable title for the text?

A.Night Milk and Sleep

B.Fat, Sugar and Health

C.An Experiment on Mice

D.Milk Drinking and Health

【4】How does the author support the theme of the text?

A.By giving examples.

B.By stating arguments.

C.By explaining statistical data.

D.By providing research results.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：

【題目】閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所給情節(jié)進(jìn)行續(xù)寫，使之構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整的故事。

I was standing in the checkout line behind a woman who looked to be in her 60s. When it was her turn to pay, the cashier greeted her by name and asked her how she was doing.

The woman looked down, shook her head and said, “Not so good. My husband just lost his job and my son is up to his old tricks again. The truth is, l don’t know how I’m going to get through the holidays.” Then she gave the cashier food stamps(食品券).

Neither did I know how I could get through the days a year ago during my fresh year in the company. I didn’t know the rules, I was not familiar with the work, and I couldn’t feel the value of myself. I was even wondering whether I could get along, as my father was gone, my mother had no work and my brother was only 7. That feeling was exactly what the woman had said. Fortunately, things had changed since I received my colleague’s card, from which I felt the encouragement, and sensed happiness falling upon me again.

So I really wanted to help but didn’t know how. Should I offer to pay for her groceries, or ask for her husband’s resume (簡歷)? As I walked into the parking lot, I spotted the woman returning her shopping cart. Suddenly I remembered something in my purse that I thought could help her. It wasn’t a handful of cash or an offer of a job for her husband, but maybe it would make her life better.

Then I approached the woman. My heart pounded as this was the first time that I had come with the idea to help a stranger.

“Excuse me,” I said, my voice trembling a bit. “I couldn’t help accidentally hearing what you said to the cashier. It sounds like you’re going through a really hard time right now. I’m so sorry. I’d like to give you something.”

I handed her the small card from my purse.

續(xù)寫要求：

1. 所續(xù)寫短文的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；

2. 至少使用5個(gè)短文中標(biāo)有下劃線的關(guān)鍵詞語；

3. 續(xù)寫部分分為兩段，每段的開頭語已為你寫好；

4. 續(xù)寫完成后，請用下劃線標(biāo)出你所使用的關(guān)鍵詞語。

When the woman read the card, she began to cry.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

After we embraced, I walked back to my car and the words on the card crowded into my mind again.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

查看答案和解析>>

同步練習(xí)冊答案