Job sharing refers to the situation in which two people divide the responsibility of one full-time job.The two people willingly act as part-time workers, enough hours between them to fulfill the duties of a full-time worker.If they each work half the job, for example, they each receive 50 per cent of the job's wages, its holidays and its other benefits.
Job sharing differs from conventional (常規(guī)的) part-time work in that it occurs mainly in the more highly skilled and professional areas, which require higher levels of responsibility and employee commitment.    Job sharing should not be confused with the term work sharing, which refers to increasing the number of jobs by reducing the number of hours of each existing job, thus offering more positions to the growing number of unemployed people.Job sharing, by contrast, is not designed to address unemployment problems; its focus, rather, is to provide well-paid work for skilled workers and professionals who want more free time for other activities.
As would be expected, most job sharers are women.A survey carried out in 1988 by Britain's Equal Opportunities Commission showed that 78 per cent of sharers were female, the majority of whom were between 20 and 40 years of age.Subsequent studies have come up with similar results.Many of these women were re-entering the job market after having had children, but they chose not to seek part-time work because it would have meant lower status.Job sharing also offered an acceptable shift back into full-time work after a long absence.
The necessity of close cooperation when sharing a job with another person makes the actual work quite different from conventional one-position jobs.However, to ensure a greater chance that the partnership will succeed, each person needs to know the strengths, weaknesses and preferences of his or her partner before applying for a position.Moreover, there must be a fair division of both routine tasks and interesting ones.In sum, for a position to be job-shared well, the two individuals must be well matched and must treat each other as equals.
小題1:.
In what way is work sharing different from job sharing?
A.Work sharing requires more working hours.
B.Work sharing is aimed at creating more jobs.
C.Work sharing provides a more satisfactory salary.
D.Work sharing depends on the employer's decision.
小題2:.
According to Paragraph 4, young mothers preferred job sharing to conventional part-time work mainly because _____.
A.they sought higher social status
B.they were over ideal working ages
C.they had difficulty finding full-time jobs
D.they had to take care of both work and family
小題3:.
In job sharing the partners should _____.
A.enjoy equal social status
B.have similar work experience
C.keep in touch with each other
D.know each other very well
小題4:.
The main purpose of the passage is to ______.
A.describe job sharing in general
B.discuss how to provide more jobs
C.recommend job sharing to women
D.compare job sharing with work sharing

小題1:.B
小題1:.A
小題1:.D
小題1:.A
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科目:高中英語 來源:不詳 題型:完形填空

Nine 1700­year­old brick tombs have been discovered in northwest China’s Xinjiang. Experts say that they can   1  valuable clues for the research of exchanges(交換;交流) between the central Chinese government at that time and    ___2  Western Regions.
It is the    3  time ancient tombs with typical characteristics of China's main Han nationality have been found in the Uygur ethnic region(自治區(qū)).
    4   from Beijing,Shanxi and Xinjiang concluded that the tombs were  ___5___ between the middle and late third century and fourth century.
The tombs were unearthed during the   6  of a road earlier this year in Kuqa county,740 km from Xinjiang's capital Urumqi and part of the   7  Qiuci State. Qiuci State,which   8  between the second century BC and 860 AD,was one of the 36 states in the Western Regions.
The tombs would help archaeologists with research into the political,economic and cultural   9   between the Central Plains government and states in the west,and on the cultural     10  of the Central Plains on the Western Regions.
Archaeologists from the Xinjiang institute have dug nine tombs since August 22,___11   bodies of more than 30 people,some ancient   12  and more than 60 pottery(陶器)jars. It is thought there are another three tombs to be    13  .
The people buried in the tombs were    14  either people from the western regions deeply influenced by the Han culture or the Han residents(居民)in the    ___15  .
小題1:
A.
tell
B.
provide
C.
show
D.
represent
小題2:
A.
nearby
B.
middle
C.
faraway
D.
few
小題3:
A.
second
B.
last
C.
first
D.
near
小題4:
A.
Scientists
B.
People
C.
Officials
D.
Archaeologists
小題5:
A.
built
B.
found
C.
buried
D.
studied
小題6:
A.
construction
B.
destruction
C.
digging
D.
repair
小題7:
A.
ancient
B.
big
C.
far
D.
near
小題8:
A.
appeared
B.
disappeared
C.
lies
D.
existed
小題9:
A.
exchanges
B.
businesses
C.
development
D.
studies
小題10:
A.
model
B.
atmosphere
C.
influence
D.
change
小題11:
A.
finding
B.
destroying
C.
studying
D.
protecting
小題12:
A.
paper
B.
silk
C.
pearls
D.
coins
小題13:
A.
moved
B.
dug
C.
studied
D.
picked
小題14:
A.
surely
B.
probably
C.
certainly
D.
nearly
小題15:
A.
west
B.
country
C.
region
D.
tomb

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科目:高中英語 來源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

As the railroads and the highways shaped the American West in the past centuries, a new electhical generating(發(fā)電)and transmission(輸送)systen for the 21th century will leave a lasting mark on the West, for better or worse. Much of the real significance of railroads and highways is not in their direct physical effect on the scenery, but in the ways that they affect the suurouding community. The same is true of big solar ppants and the power lines that will be laid dowm to move electricity around.
The 19th century saw land grants(政府撥地)offered to railroad companies to build the transcontinental railroads ,leaving public land in between privately owned land . In much of the west ,some of the railroad sections were developed while others remained undeveloped ,and in both cases the landownership has presented unique challenges to land management ,with the completion or the interstate highway system ,many of the small towns which sprang up as railway stops and developed well ,have lost their lifeblood and died .
Big solar plants and their power lines will also have effects far beyond their direct footprint in the west .this is not an argument against building then ,we need alternative energy badly .and to really take advantage of it we need to be able to move electricity around far more readily than we can now .
So trade-offs will have to be made .some scenic sport will be sacrificed .some species (物種)will be forced to move ,or will be carefully moved to special accommodations ,deals will be struck to reduce the immediate effects .
The lasting effects of these trade-offs are another matter .the 21st century development of the American west as an ideal place for alternative energy is going to throw off a lot of power and money to do a lot of good .but it is just as likely that they will be spent wastefully and will leave new problems behind ,just like the railroad and the highway .
The money set aside in negotiated trade –offs and the institution that control  will shape the west far beyond the immediate footprint of power plants and transmission lines .so let’s remember the effects of the railroad and the highways as we construct these new power plants in the west .
小題1:
what was the problem caused by the construction of the railways ?
A.small towns along the railways became abandoned .
B.some railroad stops remained .
C.land in the west was hard to manage .
D.land grants went into private hands.
小題2:
what is the major concern in the development of alternative energy according to the last two paragraphs ?
A.the transmission of power B.the use of money and power
C.the conservation of solar energyD.the selection of an ideal place
小題3:
what is the author ‘s attitude towards building solar plants ?
A.cautious B.a(chǎn)pproving C.doubtful D.disapproving
小題4:
which is the best title for the passage ?
A.how the railways have affected the west
B.how solar energy could reshape the west
C.how the effects of power plants can be reduced
D.how the problems of the highways have been settled

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科目:高中英語 來源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

I have never heard about a “Fashion Week” outside of New York, London or Milan. But then one just happens to turn up in Bishkek in Kyrgyzstan. Actually, I’m ignorant of all those countries in Central Asia, whose names are always ending in “stan.” For decades, even centuries, Central Asia has been out of focus, a blank on the map of empires. Just as the introduction from Turusbek Mamashov, from the Tourism agency of the president of the Kyrgyz Republic, says, “Throughout this Fashion Week project, we need to create a revolution in the minds of our people, preparing the country for the international tourism market. It is an opportunity as well as an investment.” What he says is right. If you just give it a glimpse (一瞥), you’ll find out that the flavor (風情) of the Silk Road is still there.
As part of the route for Silk Road traders and migrating tribes through its epic(史詩的) history, Kyrgyzstan, like other Central Asian countries, is a vast place of desert, grassland and mountain ranges. It is not widely known that Kyrgyzstan is the Tang Dynasty poet Li Bai’s birthplace.
Bishkek, the place holding Fashion Week, is the capital and industrial center of independent Kyrgyzstan. It is a relaxed, handsome place with wide streets and large amounts of greenery. Especially in the autumn of November, the yellow leaves falling everywhere make the whole city a legend in fall. The mountains are just at its rear, in that case a unique scene of picturesque beauty is composed by snow-white peaks, lakes and the urban Landscape.
Today, Ala-Too Square is the center of the poetic places worth seeing in Bishkek. The “White House,” the seat of the Kyrgyzstan Government, is just at the west of the square. Behind this is Panfilov Park, a great place to head for a national holiday. The State Museum of Fine Arts is opposite, which is also called the Gapar Aitiev Museum of Applied Arts, featuring Kyrgyz jewelry, rugs and works by local artists.
One of the joys besides the scenery is the openness of the people. Bishkek is a city without a big population but mainly good-natured people from many races, 47 percent are Russian and about a third are Kyrgyz. Most travelers vote Kyrgyzstan as the most appealing, accessible and welcoming of the former Soviet Central Asian republics. It is written by a tourist that Kyrgyzstan is the country Russians most desperately want to keep: hills always covered with grass and wild flowers. Kyrgyz men always ride a horse wearing a photogenic hat.
小題1:   According to the passage, Kyrgyzstan used to be ___________.
A.a(chǎn)n international fashion centreB.a(chǎn)n important part of Silk Road
C.the focus of the worldD.a(chǎn) vast desert land in Central Asia
小題2:   The Fashion Week in Bishkek is supposed to __________.
A.start a revolution in KyrgyzstanB.a(chǎn)ttract foreign investment to Kyrgyzstan
C.promote tourism in KyrgyzstanD.celebrate the independence of Kyrgyzstan
小題3:   Which of the statements is NOT ture according to the passage?
A.Bishkek is a crowded modern city surrounded by mountain ranges.
B.Panfilov Park is a popular destination for local people during holidays.
C.The majority of the population in Bishkek are Russian and Kyrgyz.
D.The famous poet Li Bai is thought to have been born in Kyrgyzstan.
小題4:   What is the most important message the author wants to convey in the passage?
A.Reflections and thoughts on the glorious history of the Silk Road.
B.Feelings about the ongoing Fashion Week project in Bishkek.
C.The geographic features and imposing history of Kyrgyzstan.
D.The natural and cultural characteristics and attractions in Kyrgyzstan.

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科目:高中英語 來源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

The most common complaint about cellphones is that people talk on them to the annoyance of people around them. But more damaging may be the cellphone’s interruption of our thoughts.
We have already entered a golden age of little white lies about our cellphones, and this is in generally a healthy, protective development. “I didn’t hear it ring” or “I didn’t realize my phone had shut off” are among the lies we tell to give ourselves space where we’re beyond reach.
The concept of being unreachable is not new – we have “Do Not Disturb” signs on the doors of hotel rooms. So why must we feel guilty when it comes to cellphones? Why must we apologize if we decide to shut off the phone for a while?
The problem is that we come from a long-established tradition of difficulty with distance communication. Until the recent mass use of cellphones, it was easy to communicate with someone next to us or a few feet away, but difficult with someone across town, the country or the globe. We came to take it for granted.
But cellphones make long-distance communication common, and endanger our time by ourselves. Now time alone, or a conversation with someone next to us which cannot be interrupted by a phone, is something to be cherished. Even cellphone devotees, myself usually included, can’t help at times wanting to throw their phones away, or curse this invention.
But we don’t and won’t, and there really is no need. That we have the right to take back our private time is a general social recognition.
In other words, we don’t have to pay too much attention to the rings of our own phones. Given the ease of making and receiving cellphone calls, if we don’t talk to the caller right now, we surely will shortly later.
A cellphone call deserves no more importance than a word from the person next to us. Though the call on my cellphone may be the one-in-a-million from Steven Spielberg–who has finally read my novel and wants to make it his next movie. But most likely it is not, and I’m better off, thinking about the idea I just had for a new story, or the slice of pizza I’ll eat for lunch.

小題1:.
What does the writer think about people telling “white lies” about their cellphones?
A.It is a way to show that you don’t like the caller.
B.It is natural to tell lies about small things.
C.It is basically a good way to protect one’s privacy.
D.We should feel guilty when we can’t tell the truth.
小題2:.
What is the meaning of the underlined word “devotees” in Paragraph 5?
A.people who enjoy something. B.people who are bothered.
C.people who hate something.D.people who are interrupted.
小題3:.
. According to the author, what is the most annoying problem caused by cellphones?
A.People are always thinking of the cellphone rings so that they fail to notice anything else.
B.Cellphones interrupt people’s private time.
C.People feel guilty when they are not able to answer their cellphones.
D.With cellphones it is no longer possible to be unreachable.
小題4:.
. What does the last paragraph suggest?
A.A person who calls us from afar deserves more of our attention.
B.Steven Spielberg once called the author to talk about the author’s novel.
C.You should always finish your lunch before you answer a call on the cellphone.
D.Never let cellphones disturb your life too much.

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科目:高中英語 來源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

There is one language that is used in every country in the world. The people who use it are young and old, short and tall, thin and fat. It is everybody’s second language. It is easy to understand, although you can’t hear it. It is sign language.
When you wave to a friend who is across the street, you are using sign language. When you smile at someone, you are saying, “I want to be friendly”, but you are not using speech. You are using sign language. When you raise your hand in class, you are saying, “Please ask me. I think I know the correct answer.”
Babies who can’t talk can point at things. They are using sign language. A policeman who wants to stop traffic holds up his hands. He is using sign language.
Many years ago, a French priest(神父), Charles Michel de Epee, became interested in education for deaf people. He invented a finger alphabet (字母表). It is still in use. People can make the sign for letters and spell words with their hands, and deaf people can read and understand them. Soon there were schools for the deaf in many countries. The only university for the deaf is Gallaudet College in Washington, D.C.
Today, in the United States, there are special TV news programs for deaf people. The newsreader tells the news in sign language. At the same time, the words appear on the TV screen.
The actors in the Theatre of Deaf don’t spell every word. Sometimes they use hand signs. When they put two hands together, it means sandwich. They can make a roof with their hands when they want to show a house. One finger in front of an actor’s mouth can mean quiet. You can talk to people who are behind windows that are closed. And when you go swimming with your friends, you can have conversations under water.
How many hand signs do you use every day?
小題1:. Which of the following about sign language is TRUE?
A.It is a special language used in a few countries in the world.
B.It is a way to express one’s ideas without words.
C.It is only used by the deaf.
D.It can be heard.
小題2:. If you want to express the idea that “I am very friendly” to someone, you will ______.
A.raise your handB.put one hand onto the other
C.smile to the personD.make a roof with your hands
小題3:. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Hand signs instead of finger signs are used everyday.
B. There are schools, colleges and universities for the deaf in the USA.
C. The French priest Charles invented sign language.
D. Even babies are using sign language.
小題4:.The passage is mainly about ______.
A.a(chǎn)n introduction to sign languageB.the importance of sign language
C.a(chǎn) famous priest in FranceD.how to use sign language

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科目:高中英語 來源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

It is not clear who first fried potatoes in hot oil. However, it is widely agreed that French fries(炸薯條) were prepared as early as the 1700s in Europe. Most people believe that it was the Belgians (比利時人), instead of the French, who invented “French”fries. They think that French fries got this name from the cooking word “to french” --- to cut green beans into long thin strips (條).
When Thomas Jefferson traveled to France, he enjoyed the deep-fried potatoes very much and brought them home with him. Ever since he served French fries to his guests at a Whitehouse dinner in 1802, the dish has become very popular in America.
In the summer of 1853, an American Indian called George Crum worked as a cook at Moon Lake Lodge, a hotel in Saratoga Springs, New York. He was good at making French fries. One evening, a dinner guest found Crum’s French fries too thick and sent them back to the kitchen. Crum then cut and fried some thinner French fries, but these, too, were met with disapproval. This time, the cook got angry. So he decided to play a trick on the guest. He finally made fries that were too thin to eat with a fork. To his surprise, the guest loved the browned, paper-thin chips. The browned chips, then called Saratoga Chips, became one of the most popular dishes of the hotel. Soon they were being sold, first in local restaurants, then throughout New England.
小題1:The French fries were believed to be introduced to America in _________________________.
A.the early 1700sB.the early1800s
C.the early 1900sD.the summer of 1853
小題2:By saying “these, too, were met with disapproval” in Paragraph 3, the author means that __________________.
A.the guest still didn’t like the dish
B.the French fries were thin enough
C.the cook prepared the chips carefully
D.the cook had met the guest’s need
小題3:How were Saratoga Chips invented?
A.They were introduced by Thomas Jefferson.
B.A guest told a cook how to make the chips.
C.A cook made them only to play a trick on a guest.
D.A cook invented them in order to attract more guests.
小題4:Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A.America’s Favorite FoodB.Who Invented Saratoga Chips?
C.George Crum --- a Clever CookD.The History of French Fries

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科目:高中英語 來源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

Below is a page adapted from an English dictionary.
Important words to learn:E Essential I improver A Advanced
Pump noun [C] DEVICE 1 A a piece of equipment which is
used to cause liquid, air or gas to move from one place
gas pump SHOE2[USUALLY PLURAL]US (UK COURT SHOE)
8 type of plain shoe with a raised HEEL and no way of
fastening it to the foot which is worn by women
3 [USUALLY PLURAL]  type of flat shoe, like a BALIET dancer’s shoe when is worn by women 4 [USUALLY PLURAL]UK a flat·shoe made of heavy cloth, which is worn by children for doing sports.
verb LIQUID/GAS1 [T USUALLY·ADV/PREP] to force
liquid or gas to move somewhere:our latest machine can
pump a hundred gallors a minute , o The new wine is
pumped into stirage tanks.o The heart pumos blood
through the arteries/round the body. INFORMATION2[T]
INFORMAL to keep asking someone for information, especially in a way that is not direce:She was pumping mefor details of the new projece.
Idioms pump sb’s hand to SHAKE someone’s hand (="hold" their hand and move it up and down, especiallyIn order to greet them)·pump lron INFORMAL to lift
Heavy weights for exercise: These days both men andWomen pump iron far fitnets.
Pharsal verbs pump sth into sth to spend    
Money trying to make something operate succesfully:
They had been pumpinh money into the business for someYears without seeing any results.
Pump sth out(M)REMOVE1 to remove water or other liquid from something using a pump:We took turnspumping out the boat.PRODUCE2 INFORMAL DISAPPROVINGto produce words or loud music in a way that is repeated, forceful and continuous: The government keeps pumpingout the same old propaganda.O The car radio waspumping out music with a heacy beat.
Pump out sth someone’s stomach is pumped out, aPoisonous substance is removed from it by being-sucked
Through a tube. She had to go to hospital  Stomach pumped out.
Pump sth up [M] INFORMAL to make someone feel morecontident or excited: He was offering them advince andtrying to pump them up.O[R]The players were pumpingthemselves up by singing the national anthem, before thegame.
Pump sth up[M]1 to fill something with air using a  pump: Have you pumped up the balloons yet?O I must pump the tyres up on my bike.2 INFORMAL to increase
something by a large amount:The US was able to pump up exports.O Let’s pump up the tolume a bit!
Pump-action /pamp ek/ n/adjective describes a device which operates by forcing song     especially air ,in or out of a closed space or container, a pump-action shotgun , a pump   action   
Pump priming noun specialized the activity of helping a business ,programm ,economy    etc   to  develop by  giving it money.  The government is carding small,pump-priming grants to single moter who are starting their own businesses.
Punnoun a humorous use of a word or phrase which has several meanings or which sound like another word:she made a couple of dreadful puns.  This is a well-known joke based on a pun “What’s  black and white and red   all  over   A newspaper
Verb  to make a pun
Punch
Noun      (c)a forceful hit with a fist (="closed" hand) she gave him a punch lik on us in the nose effect
2 U the power to be interesting and have a strong effect on people ,I felt the performance speech presntation lacked punch DRnk  3  a cold or hot drink made by mixing fruit juices pieces of frut and often wine or other alcoholic drinks tool  4  a piece of equoce  which cuts boles in a maena by pushing a piece of met through it a ticket punch have you seen the hole puneh anywhere?
Verb(t) hit 1  to hit someone or something with your FIST (="closed" hand);He punched him in the stomach.2 MALY US to hit with your fingers the bugins on a telephone or the kdys on a keys on a keyboard USE TOCL make a hole in something with a special piece of equipment:I was just punching holes in some sheets of paper  .This belt’s too big .I’ll have to punch an extra hole in it.
Idioms punch sb’s lights out informal to hit someone repeatedly very hard punch the clock us to put a card into a special machine to record the times you amive at and leave work:After 17 years of punching the clock,he just disappeared one morning and was mever heard from again.
小題1:What does the word“pump”mean in “He ran in every five minutes to pump me about the case”?
A.Talk withB.a(chǎn)sk for information.
C.Listen toD.Provide with evidence
小題2:When Sally says“The TV propram kept pumping out commercials”,she may be______.
A.excitedB.interested
C.a(chǎn)nnoyedD.a(chǎn)nnoyed
小題3:What will the government most probably provide if it is engaged in a pump-priming program?
A.sums of moneyB.Raw materials
C.informative and significantD.intereing and powerful
小題4:When Sylvia says“His speech was OK but it had no real punch”,she thinks it was not_____.
A.fluent and impressiveB.logical and moving
C.informative and significantD.interestitng and powerful

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科目:高中英語 來源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

A new power plant in Nakoso, Japan, might someday change everything for coal plants.Since the new power plant fired up in September, the designer, Mistubishi, is expecting to prove it's possible to burn coal without polluting.This technology is known as integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC).Proving IGCC works should give Mitsubishi's US partner, NRG Energy, the jump other hurdles to building new clean plants.
The project promised to solve the problem of the ages for power plants: how to produce cheap, clean, reliable electricity.No existing technology can do all three perfectly.
The problem is IGCC isn't there yet.It costs about 20 percent more than traditional plants.And even though it's easier to collect the resulting carbon dioxide from an IGCC plant than a traditional plant, there's no proven way to get rid of the greenhouse gas.One plan is to drill a shaft(通道) to pump the carbon dioxide underground, into saltwater formations.But there's no guarantee it will remain underground forever.
NRG administrators think solving the IGCC riddles is worth the trouble because they expect the U.S.will soon limit the amount of carbon dioxide that power generators may give out .
"With the additional cost of IGCC, to just voluntarily build something that's 20 percent more expensive, that’s commercial suicide," NRG chief administrator, David Crane said.
NRG administrators expect the cost to decline after six or seven plants are built.But other industry experts think it will take about a dozen plants for the price to be competitive with traditional coal plants.
Takaya Watanabe, a vice general manager of Mitsubishi, admits that the cost challenges are difficult.“It’s good for a company to say we want to be green, but unless someone is willing to pay, it's a dream.It won't keep our family eating rice," he said.
小題1:What is expected of the new technology?
A.To make electricity without polluting the air.
B.To produce energy without burning coal.
C.To keep the use of electricity cheaper.
D.To pump carbon dioxide more easily .
小題2:What's the biggest problem the companies are faced with?
A.How to pump greenhouse gases.
B.How to deal with the high cost.
C.How to get along with other partners.
D.How to improve the new technology.
小題3:What can be inferred from the passage?
A.New technologies are unacceptable to people.
B.It's unlikely to build more new power plants.
C.The companies are run on a tight budget.
D.Going green is easier said than done.

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